Unit1Grammar1.ppt

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1、 Unit 1 Past and present Unit 1 Past and presentGrammar (A) Present perfect tenseNow lets watch a cartoon film. I have watched this cartoon film. I watched it 2 weeks ago.Have you watched this cartoon film? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Has he/ she watched this cartoon film? Yes, he/she has. No, he/she

2、 hasnt. Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.埃迪自从出生以来，一直和米莉住在一起。Eddie has lived with Millie for four years. Eddie has eaten my food.埃迪已经和米莉居住在一起四年了。埃迪吃了我的食物。（“居住居住”这个动作从出生一直延续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去。）这个动作从出生一直延续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去。）（“居住居住”这个动作从这个动作从4年前延续到现在，可能还会继续延续下去。）年前延续到现在，可能还会继续延续下去。）Eddie ate my fo

3、od and now Hobo has nothing to eat.一、现在完成时的含义一、现在完成时的含义（1 1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在, ,也许还也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。用。 如如forfor、since since 等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种: : 1.Eddie has lived with Millie for 4

4、 years.2.Eddie has lived with Milliesince he was born.since 2006for: + 一段时间 for a year, for two weeks, for three years. 过去的某一时刻, since last week, since 2008Since 一段时间+ago, since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago, +点时间 一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came， since he moved here, since I was bornsince 4 years ago.L

5、etLet try! try!用用since或或for填空：填空：1.I have been at this school _ more than two years.2. She has worked in the factory _ ten years ago.3. Mr. Green has lived in the city _ he was born.4. His father has been a party member _ twenty years.forforsincesince（2 2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某

6、一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。的影响或结果。( (汉语中常用汉语中常用“已经已经”、“过过”、“了了”等表达等表达) ) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(just(句中）句中）, , already(already(句中，句中，句末）句末）, before(, before(句末）句末）, yet, yet（句末）（句末）, never, never（句中）（句中）, ever, ever（句中）（句中）,recently(,recently(句末句末) )等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如： 1.Eddie has just eaten my foo

7、d. (Eddie已经吃了我的食物。）已经吃了我的食物。）2.I have never heard of that before.（我以前从未听说过那件事）（我以前从未听说过那件事） 3. Have you ever ridden a horse?（你曾经骑过马吗？）（你曾经骑过马吗？） 4.She has already finished the work.（她早已经完成这个工作了。）（她早已经完成这个工作了。）5.We havent finished our homework yet. (我们还没有完成作业呢。我们还没有完成作业呢。)二、现在完成时的构成二、现在完成时的构成（1 1）肯定句

8、：）肯定句：I/We/You/They + 助动词助动词have + p.p(过去分词）过去分词）+其它。其它。He/She/It + 助动词助动词has + p.p(过去分词）过去分词）+其它。其它。e.g.They _ their homework. (finish）He _his homework. （finish)have finishedhas finished（2 2）否定句）否定句I/We/You/They+have not / hasnt +p.p(过去分词）过去分词）+其它。其它。 He/She/It +has not / hasnt +p.p(过去分词）过去分词）+其它。其

9、它。e.g.They _ their homework yet (还未）还未）. (finish）He _ his homework yet. （finish)havent finishedhasnt finished(3)(3)一般疑问句及回答一般疑问句及回答-Have+I/you/we/they+p.p(过去分词）过去分词）+其它其它？-Yes, I/you/we/they have. -No, I/you/we/they havent.-Has +she/he/it+p.p(过去分词）过去分词） +其它其它？-Yes, she/he/it has.-No, she/he/it hasnt

10、.e.g._you _the film?(watch)Yes, I _._your father _the film?(watch)No, he _.Have watched haveHas watched hasnt (4)(4)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+have/has+主语主语+p.p(+p.p(过去分词）过去分词）+ +其它其它？e.g.The girl has learned English for 6 years. I have eaten two apples for breakfast.How long has the girl learned

11、 English?What have you eaten for breakfast?三、三、 过去分词的构成过去分词的构成(A)(A) 规则动词规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的词的过去式过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked, visit-visited-visited (2)、以、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以、以“

12、辅音字母辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为变为 “i” ，再加，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied, cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped, drop-dropped-dropped dump?(B) (B) 不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词原形过去式过去分词原形过去式 过去分词dodiddoneeatateeatengowentgonefindfou

13、ndfoundseesawseenforgetforgot forgottenbuybought boughtcomecamecomeputputputcutcutcutbuildbuiltbuiltwritewrotewritten(Page121)四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果

14、，强调的是现在的情况。强调的是现在的情况。2 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last weekyesterday, last week，ago, in1980, ago, in1980, in October, just nowin October, just now等具体的时间状语。等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有：现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ev

15、er, never, just, for, since, ever, never, just, already,yet,in the past/last few yearsalready,yet,in the past/last few years等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语。I bought a new computer last week.只强调动作发生在过去。只强调动作发生在过去。I have bought a new computer.不强调动作什么时候发生，只强不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。LetLets try

16、! Is try! Im sure you can do it well!m sure you can do it well!1.I _(see) the 3D film Avatar. Its amazing! I _(see) it one month ago. 2.-Is your grandfather still alive? -No, he _already _(die). -When _he _(die)? -He _last year(die). 3.I _just _ (hear) of the earthquake in Tangshan. -The earthquake?

17、 -Yes, it _(happen) on March 6th, three days ago.4.Mr. Li _(begin) to work in this factory in 1990.He _ (work) in the factory for 20 years.5. The Greens _(live) in China since they _(move) here in 2003.have seensawhas dieddid diediedhave heardhappenedbeganhas workedhas livedmovedChat time (page 15):

18、Millie: (1)_ you _(see) any exhibitions recently, Sandy?Sandy: No, I (2)_. What about you?Millie: I (3)_(see) one last Saturday.Sandy: Whats it about?Millie: Its about changes in Beijing over the past century（世纪）. From this film, I _(learn) more about Beijings past and present.Sandy: Oh, I think I (

19、5)_(hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again?Millie: Yes, Id love to.Have seenhavent sawhave learnthave heardLetLets try!s try!1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句改为否定句)She _ cleaned the kitchen _.2. They have visited some interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句)_ _ they _ _

20、interesting places in China?3. The poor dog has died.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）_the poor dog _? -No, it _.4. They have borrowed ten books from the library. (对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)_ _books _ they _ from the library?5. I have ever been to the Great Wall. (改为否定句改为否定句)I _ _ been to the Great Wall.6. They have studied here since they moved to the city. (对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)_ _ _ they _ here?hasnt yetHave visited anyHas died hasntHow many have borrowedhave neverHow long have studiedConclusion：1. 现在完成时的含义2. 现在完成时的构成3. 现在完成时过去分词的构成4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别