高中英语英语名词性从句的课件.ppt

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1、Grammar and usage -Noun Clauses 名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。宾语从句和同位语从句。1.When we will start is not clear.2. She wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had no

2、 idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类主语从句一般有三种结构：主语从句一般有三种结构：1. 1. 主语从句主语从句+ +谓语谓语That she will win the match is certain.2.It+be+2.It+be+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that+that从句从句It is important that we teens should learn English.It is good news that he

3、will attend the meeting on behalf of our school.It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting3. It +seem (happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.宾语从句的结构宾语从句的结构主句主句 + + 连接词连接词( (引导词引导词) + ) + 宾语从句宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在放在及物动词及物动词或

4、或介词介词之后作宾语。之后作宾语。I dont know why he is always late for school.We all agree with what you said at the meeting.宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后表语从句位于连系动词后, ,有时用有时用as ifas if引导。引导。其基本结构为其基本结构为: :主语主语 + + 系动词系动词 + that+ that从句。从句。1. 1. be, look, remain, 等系等系动词后均可跟表语从句：动词后均可跟表语从句：My suggestion is that we sho

5、uld go shopping.2. 2. as if 也可引导表语从句。也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain. 3.the reason why is that 和和It is because 等结构等结构。It was because I got up late.同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些句中某些名词名词的后面，说明这些的后面，说明这些名词的含义名词的含义。可跟。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, re

6、ason, idea, hope, word, belief等。等。Beijing ,the capital of China, is my hometown.We heard the news that our team had won. We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) (1) 定语从句中的定语从句中的thatthat既代替先行词，同既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），时又在从句中作某个

7、成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的而同位语从句中的thatthat是连词，只起连接主是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分 (2) (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。功能是对名词进行补充说明。1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.2)The

8、news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语同位语从句，从句，that在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分） II. 名词性从句的引导词：名词性从句的引导词：1.连接词连接词 ：that、if、whether不作成分不作成分无意义无意义2. 连接代词连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which

9、3. 连接副词：连接副词： when、 where、why、how“是否是否”作状语作状语作主作主/宾宾/表表考点一：区别考点一：区别that , what与与which考点二：区别考点二：区别whether 与与if 考点三：区别考点三：区别 what, whatever, 与与 no matter what .考点四：考点四：it 作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语考点五：名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点五：名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点六：名词性从句的语序考点六：名词性从句的语序名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳 : 考点考点1：连接词：连接词： that 与与 what 的区别的区别Wh

10、at he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true .that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省。且在宾语从句中有时可省。 what 既既起起连接作用连接作用, 又在从句中作又在从句中作 主语主语, 宾语宾语, 表表 语语 (且在名词性从句中只有且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）可作表语）连接词that的省略。宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省在以下三种情况下不能省略：略：（1）当）当that 从句与另

11、一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.1. _ he said so

12、made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry.2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. （01全国）全国） 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。中国不再是过去的样子了。4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. （04天津）天津） A. what B. which C. that D. whereThatWhatChina is no longer _ it used to

13、 be.whatwhatB : what (什么什么) / which ( 表选择表选择, 哪一个哪一个) 1. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? whatwhichwhichWhat 无范围；无范围；Which有范围有范围解析解析考点考点2. 区别区别if 与与whether 1.

14、 I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether / ifwhetherwhether 5. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 6. _ they can do it matters little to us. 7. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.whe

15、therWhetherIf 请你归纳请你归纳a. a. 主语从句主语从句b. b. 表语从句表语从句c. c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. f. 直接加动词不定式只能用直接加动词不定式只能用whether （to do）g g whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用if只能使用只能使用whether 的情况：的情况：请你归纳请你归纳 _等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而当于名词后加一个定语从句，而_等引导的名词性从等引导的名词性从句句含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。请你归纳

16、请你归纳 whoever, whateverWho, what 考点考点3. what,whatever,who,whoeverWho will take the position isnt decided. 1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2._ we need is more time. 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown. 4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnyone whoNo matter who destroys

17、the forest will be punished. （ 误误 ）解析解析no matter 只能引导状语从只能引导状语从句，句，ever既可引导状语从句既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句又可以引导名词性从句.no matter who/what与与whoever /whateverWhoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正正 ）1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whetherTh

18、at he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that 考点考点 ：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语形式宾语 it 作形式主语作形式主语Whether he will come or not(1) It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common sense that 是常识是常识(2) It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3) It 不及物

19、动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4) It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 It is reported/ thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certain that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter wh

20、ether It seems that It happens that Can you understand them?1. This is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for It (2)it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+

21、it + if 或或when从句从句 it 作形式宾语作形式宾语(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to doI hate it when people laugh at the disabled .1. Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that C. it D. one3. 他发现很难使别人理

22、解他他发现很难使别人理解他. He found _.itit difficult to make himself understoodit考点之五考点之五:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析分析:本题选本题选B.句子的意思是句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语作形

23、式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。 (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语谓语动词用虚拟语气动词用虚拟语气(should) +do,常用的句型有常用的句型有:I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, des

24、ired, etc.) that.如如: It is strange that she (should) think so. (2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如等。如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. (3) 主语是主语是suggestion, propo

25、sal, request, decision等等表示表示建议、请求、要求、决定等建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时意思的词时,表语从句表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do。如。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. (4) 表示表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等（demand, suggestion, proposal, advice, order ）意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词意思的名词

26、后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如。如: 1.He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.2.The suggestion that the plan （delay） will be discussed tomorrow.1. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D

27、. how our village looks like 从句一定用陈述语序从句一定用陈述语序 2. You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited3. He asked _ for a violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 插入语

28、插入语1.Since you have seen both fighters, _ will win? A. do you think who B. who you think C. whoever D. who do you think2. Id like to know _ to her. A. what do you think has happened B. do you think what has happened C. what you think has happened D. you think what has happened3. Could you tell me _

29、? A. where do you think the accident happened B. where you think the accident happened C. do you think where the accident happened D. where you think did the accident happen1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.

30、 A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go ther

31、e today. A. that B. what C. which D. when7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B.

32、that C. which D. where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. T

33、hat who13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if16.You must do well _ the teac

34、her asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where 高考链接高考链接 体验体验 1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷高考英语上海秋季卷,37)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know_. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering

35、 【答案【答案】B 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。【解析】本题考查宾语从句。which引导的句引导的句子做子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。的宾语，句子用陈述语序。 2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷高考英语上海秋季卷,36)One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why 【答案【答案】A 【解析】此处考查的是表语从句。此处【解析】此处考查的是表语从句。此处that

36、不不可以省略。可以省略。 3.(2010高考英语重庆卷高考英语重庆卷,25)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _had used the products. A. whoeverB. whoC. whicheverD. which 【答案【答案】A 【解析】考查连词。【解析】考查连词。whoever引导宾语从句，引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于并在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。 4.(2010高考英语浙江卷高考英语浙江卷,9)It is uncertain _ side effec

37、t the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 【答案【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。此处是由【解析】考查名词性从句。此处是由what引导引导的主语从句，指代的主语从句，指代It的具体内容，的具体内容，It是形式主是形式主语，所以这里选语，所以这里选B项。项。 5.(2010高考英语浙江卷高考英语浙江卷,1)How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, _

38、 you want. Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever 【答案【答案】C 【解析】本题考查引导词和交际用语。句意：【解析】本题考查引导词和交际用语。句意：“这个这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“”“好啊，按你的意好啊，按你的意思吧！思吧！”查情景交际。查情景交际。周末野营怎么样，换换口周末野营怎么样，换换口味味?好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此处好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此处whatever表表示示”无论什么无论什么”，作，作want的宾语。选的宾语。选C项。项。 6.(2010高考英语天津卷高考英语天津卷,14)As a new

39、 graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which 【答案【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：“作为新作为新毕业生，他不知道如何才能在这儿开创事业。毕业生，他不知道如何才能在这儿开创事业。”宾语从句暗含宾语从句暗含it takesto do sth句型，因此应句型，因此应用用what引导宾语从句并充当从句中的宾语。引导宾语从句并充当从句中的宾语。 7.(2010高考英语四川卷高考英语四川卷,14)How much on

40、e enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 【答案【答案】B 【解析】考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句末的【解析】考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，可知应是和谁去，故选故选B。句意为。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。戚。” 8.

41、(2010高考英语上海春季卷高考英语上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence _ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.Awhich Bthat Chow Dwhere 【答案【答案】B 【解析】名词性从句。此处是【解析】名词性从句。此处是that引导同位语引导同位语从句对从句对evidenc进行具体的说明。语意：没有进行具体的说明。语意：没有明显的证据表明在太阳系能其他行星上有生命明显的证据表明在太阳系能其他行星上有生命存在。据此选存在。据此选B项。项。 9.(2010高考英语上海春季卷高

42、考英语上海春季卷,33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know _ the company was an established one.Awhether Bwhat Cuntil Dalthough 【答案【答案】A 【解析】名词性从句。语意：。【解析】名词性从句。语意：。Fina对所提供对所提供的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处whether引导引导宾语从句，作宾语从句，作know的宾语。的宾语。 10.(20

43、10高考英语陕西卷高考英语陕西卷,18)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 【答案【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能【解析】考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。成功地说服他改变主意。It occurs to sb that的意思为的意思为“某人突然想到某人突然想到”其中其中that引导主引导主语从句，语从句，it为形式主语，指代为形式主语，指代that从句的具体从句的具体

44、内容。内容。11.(2010高考英语山东卷高考英语山东卷,25)Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which12.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,34)Its no use having ideas only . Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A. how B. who C. what D. where【答案【答案】A【解析】句【

45、解析】句A考查考查“疑问词疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式”代替代替名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是”疑疑问词问词+动词不定式动词不定式”代替宾语从句。语意为：代替宾语从句。语意为：Peter可以向你展示如何把点子变为行动。连接可以向你展示如何把点子变为行动。连接词词how表示表示“如何如何”，合乎语意。，合乎语意。13.(2010高考英语江苏卷,35)-I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-Thats_I dont agree .You should h

46、ave a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what【答案【答案】A【解析】考查名词性从句。说话人在星期天喜欢整【解析】考查名词性从句。说话人在星期天喜欢整天把自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。天把自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。答语中答语中“where I dont agree”是表语从句，表示的是表语从句，表示的是抽象概念。假如选择是抽象概念。假如选择D项，项，agree后需要加上介词。后需要加上介词。14.(2010高考英语湖南卷,35)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into

47、tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 【答案【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。该空引导宾语从【解析】考查名词性从句。该空引导宾语从句，根据句意句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气如此生气”可判断选可判断选D项。项。15.(2010高考英语北京卷,32)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was r

48、ather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether【答案【答案】 B【解析】考察名词性从句。句意为：【解析】考察名词性从句。句意为：“Charles Dickens喜欢他自己的小说喜欢他自己的小说David Copperfield，部，部分原因是因为这很大程度上是他自己生活的一个模分原因是因为这很大程度上是他自己生活的一个模式。式。”分析句子成分可知，分析句子成分可知，“_ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.”是表语从句，是表语从句，在此表语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用在此表语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that连接。连接。 Thank you