托福写作如何增加分数.doc

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1、托福写作如何增加分数为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，：我还是建议用现代方式的段落格式，每一段顶头写，段与段之间空一行，这样写看起来比较清晰。如果时间充裕，大家可以把所有题目都看一遍，列出提纲。如果没时间，也没太大关系，找一些有代表性的题目练练。考前认真的写上十几篇文章是必要的，并且要仔细修改，最好能总结出自己的模板。我不希望看到有人考前两三天再来求爹爹，告奶奶，说我作文还没怎么写，怎么办啊。那时已经晚了，大家现在就应该开始有目的的针对TWE做一些练习。托福写作难点的应对策略为了帮助大家高效备考托福，新东方在线托福频道为大家带来托福写作难点的应对策略，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新

2、东方在线托福频道!在整体写作方面，我接触过的考生都存在以下几点难题，在某种程度上，这几点可以被认为是影响他们写作发挥的极大重要因素：一、英语基本功这是一个逐步积累的过程，包括词汇和语法，有时候是欲速而不达的，机械地记忆往往适得其反。词汇运用不当，句中动词使用混乱，句与句之间散乱不堪，逻辑性不好。我的建议：有计划地、合理地增加词汇量。多读范文，如果考试时间临近，可以选用背诵范文的方法，虽然辛苦一点，但是还是有效的。我曾经听过一位哲学家讲过这样一个故事，说人的一生都会面对以下五个名词：爱人、家庭、工作、健康、朋友 (lover, family, career, health, friend )。打

3、个比方，如果把这五个方面比喻成为五个球的话，只有健康是玻璃球，其他四个全都是橡皮球，即使不小心弄掉了，还是会反弹回来，而健康却是一旦落地，满盘皆输，没有任何办法补救。听过这样的故事，你不但很容易弄懂其中的道理，这几个英文单词也不会离你远去了。二、中文式的翻译有的句子恐怕只有中国人才能理解是什么意思，究其原因就是生硬地翻译了汉语表达方式。受汉语文化影响，我们博大精深的语言在我们的头脑中已经根深蒂固，人的逻辑思维很奇怪，一旦我们每天的思维习惯已经养成，你很难在短时间内进行改变。外国人开始崇拜汉文化，开始学习我们的语言，孔子学院也应因而生，这对推广我们的文化是好的，但是托福考试是对英语的测试，只有2

4、6个字母。我见过很多有趣的中文式的翻译，比如把“黑社会”翻译成“black society”，还有把“八卦”说成“eight hang”的，等等。我的建议：多听。当然是听英文，这里做个广告，重点推荐friends系列。学语言的顺序一定是听说读写，听就是对语境和语感的最好提高，考生可以尽可能地找一些英文的短片来欣赏，学到英语的同时也娱乐了自己，一举两得。三、套路化痕迹明显这里的套路，就是templates.很多老师授课过程中刻意突出写作套路，学生也千方百计背诵写作套路，导致展现在阅卷官面前的作文框架甚至很多语句千篇一律、如出一辙，从而极大地损害了得分。模板固然有用，但是针对first draft

5、的观念，文章的亮点就看不到了。我的建议：考生可以暂时抛开托福考试，从blog或者日记开始，每天用英文进行写作练习，尽情地把你对社会的情绪和对学校的不满写出来，发泄出来。这个练习会让你的文章逐渐符合first draft的要求。四、通篇框架散乱这个需要在练习中逐步提高。我们在写作之前，尤其是针对task2，最重要的工作就是构思。一般来说，在3-4分钟时间之内，我们需要一个相对合理的构思和一个绝对稳定的结构，如果两者都做到了，整个文章的框架就自然很清晰了。一般考生出现文章框架混乱有以下原因：有的是没有进行完整的审题和构思练习，文章写的内容和结构都凌乱不堪;还有的是文章结构很好，但是构思的时候过于匆

6、忙或者紧张，论证不够完整，举例也不合理。这些也是一般中国考生在考试中最常出现的问题。随着社会的发展，TOEFL也随着时代改革，完善了对一项语言听说读写四项基本能力的测试。更重要的，ETS重新建立了自己在英语培训和测试方面的权威性。议论文增加了写作题目的范围和深度，但是因为题库的存在，我觉得有利于考生在有限的时间发掘自己写作上更多的潜力。新增加的综合integrated作文，需要我们针对文章作者的各个观点进行分析，应用阅读方面的技巧来找出文章的脉络，掌握一定技巧后，甚至猜测出之后的听力文章可能针对的观点，在这里，认真做好笔记是很重要的。三分钟的时间既要阅读，还要记录文章重点，根据我的经验，iBT

7、后期改革之后，如果我们可以在笔记技巧上多下点功夫，在三分钟之内完成以上任务不是一件难事。同学们，写作的乐趣原本是无穷无尽的，否则这个世界上就不会有那么多作家，每天闲云野鹤一样地快乐了。我们每一个人都有成为作家的潜力，写作需要瞬间的灵感，合理的构思，当然最重要的就是坚持下去的决心。遗憾的是考试的时候这些是不适用的，在短短的30分钟时间内，恐怕只有几分钟的时间来思考。这一点ETS也承认自己的愚蠢。或许，这也是开始改变TOEFL写作概念的初衷。托福写作例子：建一个社区商业中心To Build a Community Shopping Center YESTopic: It has recently

8、been announced that a large shopping center may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.Since industrialization makes it possible to manufacture large quantities of goods, going shopping has become fairly recreat

9、ional. Furthermore, transportation keeps everything going easily. (Furthermore, transportation keeps everything running smoothly.) (1) (“running smoothly”) (A) Shopping centers have entered the language and life of every citizen. When it comes to whether it is good to build a shopping mall near your

10、 apartment, different people have different views. As far as I am concerned, the advantages of setting a shopping center near where we live outweigh the disadvantages.Many people argue that setting a shopping center nearby ushers in more noise, more traffic congestion and more security problems. The

11、y would rather go farther to do shopping than let all these bad effects go around in their own community. (They would rather go out of their way to shop than allow these bad elements enter their community.) (“go out of their way”) (B)Although their concern is quite reasonable, it can be avoidable if

12、 we handle the center well. Building a shopping center near where we live may have lots of existent and potential advantages. They go as follows. (Building a shopping center where we live has a lot of potential advantages, such as the following.) (2) (“potential advantages”) (C)First, it provides mo

13、re convenience and less time wasted in traffic. (First, it provides more convenience and reduces time wasted in traffic.) We can buy whatever we need on the way home leisurely, instead of having to write the task down on a schedule and drive through the heavy traffic to get there. (We can buy whatev

14、er we need leisurely on the way home, instead of having to jot the task down on a schedule and drive through the heavy traffic to get there.)Second, it helps improve the economy of the local community as well as that of the whole city. Just imagine, another shopping center means another competitor.

15、If they want to survive out of such demanding business, they must provide better service and goods of higher quality. (If they want to survive in such a demanding market, they must provide higher quality goods and services.) As a result, the community and even the city can develop economically.What

16、s more, it offers job opportunities for both adults and students. For adults, especially those who are unemployed, they can earn money to support themselves. For students, they can apply for part-time jobs, and thus get experience and earn some extra money. (For students, they can apply for part-tim

17、e jobs, gain work experience, and earn extra money.)If it is up to me to decide whether a shopping center should be built near my apartment, I prefer to build it. (If it were up to me to decide whether or not to build a shopping center near my apartment, I would decide to build it.) (3) (“If it were

18、 up to me”) (D) This is because I am the sort of person who enjoy conveniecnce and happincess of contacting with people. (This is because I am the type of person who enjoys convenience and contact with people.) If the shopping center is successfully run, I believe that everyone who lives around will

19、 get great benefits from it. (If the shopping center is successfully run, I believe the community will benefit greatly from it.)II. Editorial Comments1. Original: Furthermore, transportation keeps everything going easily. Reviswed: Furthermore, transportation keeps everything running smoothly.英语中没有

20、“going easily” 这种说法。这里，作者要表达的意思是“事情进展的比较顺利”，我们可以用 “running smoothly”。看以下两个例子：.Although the car crashed just last week, the mechanic was able to fix it quickly and now it is running smoothly.Although we made some measurement mistakes in our first science experiment, our second one is running smoothly

21、.2. Original: Building a shopping center near where we live may have lots of existent and potential advantages. They go as follows. Revised: Building a shopping center where we live has a lot of potential advantages, such as the following.为了逻辑通顺和语言联贯，由such as 或者 as follows引导的所要列举的一系列事情，应该和提示部分(some

22、advantages such as)放在同一个句子里。以下是几种常用的表列举的结构：.After we moved into our new apartment, I had to buy many new household goods, such as the following: toilet paper, cooking utensils, cleaning supplies, etc.I am in full support of the new legislation for the following reasons.My reasons for studying abroad

23、 are as follows.My objections to your decision are listed below.3. Original: If it is up to me to decide whether a shopping center should be built near my apartment, I prefer to build it. Revised: If it were up to me to decide whether or not to build a shopping center near my apartment, I would deci

24、de to build it.注意，if引导的条件从句一定要用虚拟语态。例如：If I were a magician, I would not need to study to get a perfect score on the TOEFL.虚拟语态表示与事实相反的动作或状态。通常在“if”、“if that”、 “though”、 “lest”、“unless”、 “except”、“until”等等引导的从句中，也要用虚拟语态。例如： “If there were no honey, the flowers and the bees would have never met.”III.

25、 AlternativeA. Other ways to express the meaning of “running smoothly”:(i) “without a glitch” Example: The computer program ran all night long without a glitch.(ii) “going as planned” Example: The bank robbers thought that everything was going as planned, until all of a sudden the police stormed in

26、and arrested them.(iii) “keep object on track” Example: Although the young students acted wild in class, the teacher knew how to keep them on the tracks. (“tracks” in reference to train tracks keeping the train moving in the expected or appropriate direction, as opposed to derailing off course)B. De

27、finition of “out of ones way” to inconvenience oneself to do something that is not necessary or required. Example: The teacher was so dedicated to his students that he went out of his way to tutor them in the weekends. Other ways to express “out of ones way”:(i) “go above and beyond” Example: Althou

28、gh the project was not part of his work responsibility, he went above and beyond his duty to make sure it was a success.(ii) “bend over backwards” Example: She was so committed in her work as a customer service professional that she would bend over backwards to make sure her clients were satisfied.C

29、. The expression “potential advantages” refers to a favorable outcome. Other ways to express the meaning of “potential advantages”:(i) “the good thing is” Example: The good thing is, there is now less crime in the city.(ii) “upside” Example: The upside to the construction is the increase in jobs in

30、the local community.D. The expression “if it were up to me” indicates the speaker has an opposing view or opinion to the view that is being referred to. Other ways to express the meaning of “if it were up to me”:(i) “if I had my way” Example: If I had my way, we would all be on vacation right now, instead of working into the weekend.(ii) “if I had my choice” Example: I need to work to support my family, but if I had my choice, I would be a full time student.如何同时准备TOEFL和GRE还互不耽误 如何同时准备TOEFL和GRE还互不耽误?“一心两用”是个技术活今天小编给大家带来了 第 14 页 共 14 页