托福真题练习.doc

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1、托福真题练习为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，小编给大家整理了托福真题练习,下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福真题练习1According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the I

2、ndustrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat

3、Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870 s, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920 s.In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under

4、 50 hours by the start of the 1930 s. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and

5、 Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.The Depression years of the 1930 s brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum o

6、f 40 hours to begin in 1940,and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States.Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1

7、990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker,compared to 1

8、,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week(C)A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in s

9、everal industries(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenthcentury(A) remained constant(B) decreased slightly(C) decreased significantly(D) increased significantly3. The word norm in line 5 is close

10、st in meaning to(A) minimum.(B) example(C) possibility(D) standard4. The word henceforth in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) in the end(B) for a brief period(C) from that time on(D) on occasion5. The idea mentioned in line 15 refers to(A) the 60-hour workweek(B) the reduction in the cost of autom

11、obiles(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in theUnited States during the 1930 s?(A) Several people sometimes shared a s

12、ingle job.(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.(C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor S

13、tandards Act of1938 ?(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek8. The word mandated in

14、line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) required(B) recommended(C) eliminated(D) considered9. The word immutable in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) unmatched(B) irregular(C) unnecessary(D) unchangeable10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek hasbeen dec

15、lining since the nineteenth century?(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15)(D) German metalworkers (line 21)11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the averageannual amount of work to(A

16、) 1,646 hours(B) 1,800 hours(C) 1,957 hours(D) 2,088 hours托福阅读答案：BDDCCABADCB托福真题练习2The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical c

17、ulture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed t

18、he catch.Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided

19、food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other

20、marine shells.The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preser

21、ve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was

22、 an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The woman also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits line

23、d with rocks and tree leaves.托福阅读题目：1. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passagemainly discuss?(A) Methods of food preservation(B) How diet was restricted by the environment(C) The contributions of women to the food supply(D) Difficulties in establ

24、ishing successful farms2. The word unique in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) comprehensible(B) productive(C) intentional(D) particular3. The word attained in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) achieved(B) modified(C) demanded(D) spread4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organiz

25、ation of many agricultural peoples is(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers(C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers5.According to the passage , what is true of the divi

26、sion of labor mentioned in line 5?(A) It was first developed by NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast.(B) It rarely existed among hunting(C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many otherpeoples.(D) It provided a form of social organization that w

27、as found mainly among coastal peoples.6. The word abundant in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) prosperous(B) plentiful(C) acceptable(D) fundamental7.All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish(B) co

28、ntributed more materials for tool making than the men did(C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast(D) prepared and preserved the fish8. The word They in line 16 refers to(A) women(B) tools(C) mammals(D) men9. The NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to

29、(A) store utensils used in food preparation(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling(C) have a place to store fish and shellfish(D) prepare elaborate meals10. The wore peculiar in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) strange(B) distinctive(C) appealing(D) biological11. All of following are true of

30、 the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT thatit was(A) made from fish(B) not actually cheese(C) useful on long journeys(D) made in a short period of time托福阅读答案：CDAAC BCABB D托福真题练习3During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a coupl

31、e of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The surge often progresses along a glacier like a great wave,proceeding from one section to another. Subglacial streams of meltwater might act as a lubricant,allowing the gla

32、cier to flow rapidly toward the sea. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate,volcanic heat, or earthquakes

33、. However, many of these glaciers exist in the same area as normal glaciers, often almost side by side.Some 800 years ago, Alaska s Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated, and advanced again 500 years later. Since 1895, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has been flowing steadily toward

34、 the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of approximately 200 feet per year. In June 1986,however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to 112 feet a day. Hubbard s surge closed off Russell Fiord with a formidable ice dam, some 2

35、,500 feet wide and up to 800 feet high, whose caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south.About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If enough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, west Antarctic ice shelves could rise off the seafloor

36、 and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The additional sea ice floating towar

37、d the tropics would increase Earth s albedo and lower global temperatures,perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This situation appears to have occurred at the end of the last warm interglacial (the time between glacations), called the Sangamon, when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatically, spawnin

38、g the beginning of the Ice Age.托福阅读题目：1. What is the main topic of the passage ?(A) The classification of different types of surge glaciers(B) The causes and consequences of surge glaciers(C) The definition of a surge glacier(D) The history of a particular surge glacier2. The word intervals in line

39、2 is closest in meaning to(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances(D) periods3. The author compares the surging motion of a surge glacier to the movement of a(A) fish(B) wave(C) machine(D) boat4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible cause of surging glaciers?(A) The decline in sea

40、levels(B) The occurrence of unusually large ocean waves(C) The shifting Antarctic ice shelves(D) The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier5. The word freeing in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining6.According to the passage , the Hubbard Glacier

41、(A) moves more often than the Valerie Glacier(B) began movement toward the sea in 1895(C) is 800 feet wide(D) has moved as fast as 47 feet per day7. Yakutat is the name of(A) anAlaskan town(B) the last ice age(C) a surge glacier(D) anAntarctic ice shelf8. The word plunge in line 22 is closest in mea

42、ning to(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift9. The term vicious cycle in line 24 refers to the(A) movement pattern of surge glaciers(B) effect surge glaciers could have on the temperature of tropical areas(C) effect that repeated rising sea levels might have on glacial ice(D) constant threat surge gla

43、ciers could pose to the Gulf of Alaska10. The author provides a definition for which of the following terms?(A) tributary (line 15)(B) ice dam (line 16)(C) albedo (line 25)(D) interglacial(line 26)11. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?(A) The movement of surge glaciers c

44、an be prevented.(B) The next ice age could be caused by surge glaciers.(C) Surge glaciers help to supportAntarctic ice shelves.(D) Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth s climate.托福阅读答案：BDBDB DAACD B托福真题练习4A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The firs

45、t is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasan

46、t, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person s tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence

47、 or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement,

48、 all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination

49、with the performer s skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person s self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, ou