简单句、并列句、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.ppt
《简单句、并列句、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《简单句、并列句、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.ppt(47页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、十三、简单句、并列句、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句英语句子按其结构可分为三类,即简单句、并列句和复合句。其中简单句可以说是英语句法分析的基石,并列句在口语和书面语中都有大量运用,因而每年高考中都有涉及句法分析的题型。但高考对这一语法项目的考查并不局限于单项选择题,而是广泛分布在完型填空、阅读理解、短文改错以至书面表达之中。(一)简单句考点一 简单句五种基本句型1主语连系动词表语(SVP)用在这一句型中除了be动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词;(1)含“是”意义的动词:seem(似乎是),prove(证明是),appear等;(2)表感知状态的连系动词:feel,smell,taste,sou
2、nd,look等;(3)表状态变化的连系动词:become, get, grow, turn, come (true), go, fall等。(4)表状态延续的连系动词:remain,keep,stay等。例如:What he said proved true.他说的证明是对的。Those flowers smell sweet.那些花闻起来很香。The store stays open from 8 30 till 20 00.商店仍然是从8 30开放到20 00。2主语不及物动词(SV)用在这一句型中的谓语动词都是不及物动词或短语。如work,swim,go,happen,sit,arri
3、ve,take place,break out等。例如:The door opened. 门开了。They live in Beijing. 他们住在北京。The war broke out in 1937.战争在1937爆发。3主语及物动词宾语(SVO)用在这一句型中的谓语动词都是及物动词或短语,如attempt,enjoy,desire,expect,look for,take care of等。例如:She enjoys listening to music.她喜欢听音乐。Im looking for my little dog.我正在找狗。Who will take care of y
4、our baby (when youre away)?你不在谁照顾你的孩子?4主语及物动词间宾(sb)直宾(sth.)(SVO1O2)用在这一句型中的动词主要有:bring,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,show,teach,wish,write,buy,choose,fetch,get等。例如:Will you hand me the dictionary?你能递给我字典吗?Her father bought her a new bike as her birthday gift.她父亲给她买一辆自行车作为生日礼物。My fr
5、iend John told me that news.约翰告诉我那个消息。5主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语(SVOC)常用于这一句型的及物动词有:allow,advise,beg,cause,encourage,expect,find,have,hear,leave,make,noticke,keep,wish,order,permit,persuade,tell等。例如:The sun keeps us warm.太阳让我们暖和。I watched him enter the shop.我看他进入商店。Where did you have them printed?你在哪儿让他们打印的?注意:
6、我们还经常使用另外一个特殊句型,即There ben.状语。在这个句型中,be动词还可以换成stand,lie,live等不及物动词,但一定不可出现have。例如:Long long ago there lived a king,很久前那里住了一个国王(二)反意疑问句考点一 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用neednt。当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must。如:You must go now,neednt you?你现在必须走,不是吗?You mustnt smoke here,must you?你不准在这儿抽烟,是吗?当mu
7、st表示猜测,作“一定、准是”讲时,其反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后面的动词形式确定。如:You must be hungry now, arent you?你现在一定很饿,不是吗?You must have heard about it, havent you?你一定听说过这事,不是吗?You must have watched that football match last night,didnt you?你昨晚肯定看足球赛了,不是吗?(因陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语last night)考点二 陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。如
8、:You used to sleep with the windows open, usednt/didnt you?你过去通常开着窗户睡觉,不是吗?考点三 陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如:He ought to attend the lecture, oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该参加演讲,不是吗?考点四 含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分含有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:H
9、e could hardly walk without a stick, could he?没有拐杖,他几乎不能走,是吗?考点五 如果陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的由前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。考点六 附加问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数之间要保持一致的几种情况:陈述部分主语附加问句主语例句one(指人)one或heOne cant be careful enough, can he/one?this,that,these,thoseis或theyThis isnt a fast train,is it?These are not your books, are they?e
10、verything,anything,something,nothingitNothing happened to him, did it?Something has gone wrong with this machine, hasnt it?陈述部分主语附加问句主语例句everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,no one,nobody,anyone,anybodyhe或they(更常见)Everybody agreed to the plan, didnt they?Nobody likes to be laughed at, doesnt he/dont
11、they?不定式、动名词,其他短语itLearning English well takes a lot of time, doesnt it?陈述部分主语附加问句主语例句There be句型be/情态动词/助动词thereThere is no doubt about it, is there?There used to be a church here, didnt/usednt there?There will be rain tomorrow, wont there?There should be no problem, should there?考点七 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句当陈述
12、部分含有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。如:He said that he would come to my birthday party, didnt he?他说他将会来我的生日聚会,不是吗?但是当主句有I think, I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine等结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如:I dont believe he will succeed, will he?我认为他不会成功,是吗?考点八 祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后加附加问句,不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:否定祈使句,w
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 简单 并列 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句
限制150内