2012数词和主谓一致.ppt

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1、数词与主谓一致20122012年高三复习语法系列年高三复习语法系列高考对数词的考查侧重于：高考对数词的考查侧重于： 1.数词表示确切数目和不确切数目的区别；数词表示确切数目和不确切数目的区别； 2.数词复数的特殊用法；数词复数的特殊用法； 3.dozen和和score 的特殊用法。的特殊用法。 主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要考查内主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要考查内容之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来呈现容之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来呈现,包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致等，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致等，同时还涉及动词的时态、语态等。同时还涉及动词的时态、语态等。 第一，数词的基本考点第一

2、，数词的基本考点1. hundred, thousand和和million的用法的用法若若hundred, thousand, million, billion等词的前面等词的前面有基数词或有基数词或several修饰时，修饰时，hundred, thousand, million, billion等只能用单数形式；注意等只能用单数形式；注意hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前不能用等词前不能用many，若，若表示不确定数目的数百、数千、数百万等时，要表示不确定数目的数百、数千、数百万等时，要用它们的复数形式，还要加上用它们的复数形式，还要加上of。 2

3、. dozen与与score的用法的用法(1)dozen （一打，十二），（一打，十二），score （二十）与（二十）与具体数词或与具体数词或与many, several 等连用时，后不等连用时，后不加加s，所修饰的名词前常省去，所修饰的名词前常省去of。如。如: two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋，两打鸡蛋， many dozen pencils好多打铅笔；好多打铅笔；dozen, score的复数形式后接的复数形式后接of时，表示时，表示许多许多，是概数。如，是概数。如:dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。此外，有几十支铅

4、笔。此外，有数词数词+score +of+名词名词这种用法。如这种用法。如:two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋，个鸡蛋， three score of people 60个人。个人。 (2)当所修饰的名词之前有限定词当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these, those, my, your等或是修饰人称代词宾格等或是修饰人称代词宾格them, us, you时，这时需要加时，这时需要加of。如：。如： two dozen of these pens, three score of them。3.分数的表达法：分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于分子用基数词，分母用序数词

5、，若分子大于1，则分母用复数。如：，则分母用复数。如：one-fourth (a quarter) 1/4 two-fifths 2/54.年龄表达法年龄表达法表示某人的确切年龄，用表示某人的确切年龄，用“基数词基数词years old”或或“基数词基数词of age”或者或者“at the age of基数词基数词”，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几十多岁时，用十多岁时，用“in ones + 逢十的基数词的复逢十的基数词的复数数(如如tens, twenties, thirties等等)”来表达。来表达。 5.年代表达法年代表达法表示表示几十年代几十年代时，在阿拉

6、伯数字后加时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或或s。 第二，主谓一致第二，主谓一致1.名词作主语的数的问题名词作主语的数的问题（1）下列情况下的名词作主语时谓语动词用）下列情况下的名词作主语时谓语动词用单数：单数：可数名词单数；不可数名词；表示可数名词单数；不可数名词；表示量的词当整体概念讲时；量的词当整体概念讲时； 表示时间、距离、表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词作金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词作主语时；由主语时；由and连接的两个或两个以上的单连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时，前面由不定代词数名词作主语时，前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰名词；修饰名词；

7、and连接两个名词连接两个名词指同一个事物时；指同一个事物时；the number of +复数名词复数名词作主语时；集合名词表整体时；动名词（短作主语时；集合名词表整体时；动名词（短语）、不定式、从句作主语时等。语）、不定式、从句作主语时等。第二，主谓一致第二，主谓一致1.名词作主语的数的问题名词作主语的数的问题（1）下列情况下的名词作主语时谓语动词用）下列情况下的名词作主语时谓语动词用单数：单数：可数名词单数；不可数名词；表示可数名词单数；不可数名词；表示量的词当整体概念讲时；量的词当整体概念讲时； 表示时间、距离、表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词作金钱、度量、容量、

8、书名等整体概念的名词作主语时；由主语时；由and连接的两个或两个以上的单连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时，前面由不定代词数名词作主语时，前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰名词；修饰名词；and连接两个名词连接两个名词指同一个事物时；指同一个事物时；the number of +复数名词复数名词作主语时；集合名词表整体时；动名词（短作主语时；集合名词表整体时；动名词（短语）、不定式、从句作主语时等。语）、不定式、从句作主语时等。（2）下列情况下的名词作主语时，谓语动词）下列情况下的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数：用复数：复数名词作主语；集合名词作主语强调个复数名词作主语；集合名词作

9、主语强调个体时。体时。2.代词作主语的数的问题代词作主语的数的问题 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词后的谓语动词，既可以后的谓语动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。的是单数还是复数。 such，the same用作指示代词时用作指示代词时，应，应根据其所指的内容来决定谓语动词的单、复根据其所指的内容来决定谓语动词的单、复数。数。 关系代词关系代词who，that，which等在定语等在定语从句中作主语时从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。但是，当先行词之前有先行词的数一致。但是，当先行词

10、之前有the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词应等修饰时，从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。用单数形式。3.分数、百分数等修饰名词作主语时数的问题分数、百分数等修饰名词作主语时数的问题(1)分数和百分数分数和百分数不能直接跟名词或代词，而是不能直接跟名词或代词，而是后跟后跟of+冠词冠词/限定词限定词+名词名词/代词代词，其后的谓语，其后的谓语动词与后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。动词与后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：如：Two fifths of the money was spent on books.(2)a great many/a large numbe

11、r of+复数名词复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；a great deal of/ a large amount of/a large sum of+不可数名不可数名词词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；many a+单数名词单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(3)“a large quantity of+名词名词”作主语时谓语作主语时谓语动词的数用单数。动词的数用单数。 “large quantities of+名词名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。(4)a/an+单数名词单数

12、名词+and a half作主语时，谓作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；语动词常用单数；one and a half+复数名词复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：A year and a half has passed.One and a half apples is left on the table. (5)“ more than one+单数名词单数名词”作主语时，谓作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；语动词常用单数； more+名词复数名词复数+than one作主语时，谓作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。如：语动词常用复数。如：More than one person

13、 was absent.More students than one have been there.第三，连接词与主谓一致第三，连接词与主谓一致1.由由and连接的名词作主语连接的名词作主语and连接的两个名词作主语，连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同表示不同的人或事，的人或事，谓语动词谓语动词用复数用复数; 指同指同一个人、物时，谓语动词一个人、物时，谓语动词用单用单数数。如：。如：What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students.The famous writer and poet has give

14、n a talk twice.由由no.and no., each.and each., many a.and many a.等构成复合主语等构成复合主语时，谓语动词时，谓语动词用单用单数形式数形式。如：。如：Many a desk and many a chair has been taken out of the classroom. 2.主语后面有主语后面有as well as, rather than, like, but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, in addition to等连接的名词

15、等连接的名词时，谓语动词的形式应根据它们前面的主语来时，谓语动词的形式应根据它们前面的主语来确定。确定。3.由由or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 附小贴士：附小贴士：英语数量词修饰名词作定语英语数量词修饰名词作定语“基数词基数词+名词名词(+形容词形容词)”作定语，通常有以下作定语，通常有以下两种形式：两种形式：“不定冠词不定冠词+基数词

16、基数词+连字符连字符+单数名词单数名词+(连字符连字符+形容词形容词)+名词名词”；“基数词基数词+名词的所有格名词的所有格+名词名词”。如。如a ten-minute walk(=ten minutes walk步行步行10分钟的路程分钟的路程)，a 50-meter-wide road (一条一条50米宽的公路米宽的公路), an eight-year-old boy (=a boy of 8一个一个8岁的男岁的男孩孩)。 2005-2011英语高考试题分项汇编英语高考试题分项汇编数词与主谓一致数词与主谓一致 （2011湖南卷湖南卷)26One third of the country _

17、covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is（2011安徽卷）安徽卷）27The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were （2010湖南湖南Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ c

18、aused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have（2010四川四川Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read, of whose works, however, some _ difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are（2010全国全国Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dres

19、s.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn (2009山东山东25) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been (09陕西陕西7) Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going t

20、o C. was going to D. were going to (09江西江西24) According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as (09四川四川17) The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is;

21、were C. are; was D. is; was (09四川四川19) My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive. A. asB. so C. too D. very (09辽宁辽宁33) Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost his. A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twi

22、ce much as (09湖南湖南33) Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be(08陕西陕西15)Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A.wereB.have been C.has beenD.was(08陕西陕西16)Ten years ago the population of our villa

23、ge wasthat of theirs.A.as twice large as B.twice as large as C.twice as much as D.as twice much as（浙江省慈溪中学（浙江省慈溪中学2010届高三第二次月考）届高三第二次月考）The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. A. has B. do C. is D. are （广西桂林十八中（广西桂林十八中2010届高三第五次月考）届高三第五次

24、月考）According to recent exploration to Mars, it may hold _ water as previously thought.A. twice as much B. as much twice C. twice much as D. much as twice 3. （陕西省镇安中学（陕西省镇安中学2010届高三上学期第三次月考）届高三上学期第三次月考）In fact, not only Mary and I but also Jane_ having one exam after another.A. is tired with B. are t

25、ired with C. is tired of D. are tired of （湖南省株洲市二中（湖南省株洲市二中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）届高三上学期第二次月考）Sixty miles _ in a single night, so they were exhausted.A. is covered B. was covered C. are covered D. has covered （湖南省浏阳一中（湖南省浏阳一中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）届高三上学期第二次月考）- Several department stores, including the one we usua

26、lly go to, _ sidewalk sales this week.- Lets go and have a look.A. is having B. are having C. has D. have had （江苏省启东中学（江苏省启东中学2010届高三年段过关考试）届高三年段过关考试）I thought things would get better, but _ they are getting worse. A. as it were B. as it was C. as it is D. as is it （安徽省涡阳二中（安徽省涡阳二中2010届高三第二次月考）届高三第二

27、次月考）Were all the toys for the children carried to their new kindergarten?No, _ only some of them.A. it was B. they were C. there were D. there was （湖南省师大附中（湖南省师大附中2010届高三第三次月考）届高三第三次月考）A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures taken by the government _ to promote change in the economic e

28、nvironment in this area.A. is expected B. are expected C. is expecting D. are expecting （河北省唐山市（河北省唐山市2010届高三上学期期中考试）届高三上学期期中考试）Another five weeks _ necessary for us to finish the work.A. are B. was C. is D. will have been （湖南省岳阳市一中（湖南省岳阳市一中2010届高三第三次月考）届高三第三次月考）Good amounts of sleep every night_ al

29、so important for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were （湖南省长郡中学（湖南省长郡中学2010届高三第三次月考）届高三第三次月考）The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours （重庆市西南师大附中（重庆市西南师大附中2010届高三第四次月考）届高三第四次月考）“It is not only you but also Tom who _,” said

30、 the teacher after knowing what had happened.A. are to be blamed B. is to be blamed C. are to blame D. is to blame （江西省新建二中（江西省新建二中2010届高三届高三12月月考）月月考）The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that _in the water is the famous tower.A. reflectsB. reflectC. is reflectedD. are reflected （重庆市万州二

31、中（重庆市万州二中2010届高三届高三12月月考）月月考）This series of products _ in special price for a month to promote its sales from next tenth. A. are B. is to be C. has been D. would be （河南省社旗一高（河南省社旗一高2010届高三上学期第三次月考）届高三上学期第三次月考）Its said that _ of the students _ absent.A. three-fifth, are B. three-fifths, is C. third-fifth, is D. three-fifths, are