能源学术英语综合教程1教师手册Unit3 TB.docx

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1、Unit 3Energy and EthicsViewing and speakingViewing11 Around a quarter of the worlds population.2 A development charity.3 They hope to develop simple technology to fight poverty and transform their lives for the better.4 Practical Action has developed a low-cost solar lantern.5 Using renewable energy

2、 through simple schemes.21) turn on2) the emergency services3) time available4) vital information5) installed6) solar lantern7) cooking stoves8) smoke levels9) a life of poverty10) earn a livingTranscriptAround a quarter of the worlds population have no access to electricity at all. Imagine living i

3、n the dark, unable to keep warm, or turn on a light. Imagine being taken ill in the night, and not being able to see a doctor or receive the emergency services.Lack of access to modern energy also means time available in the classroom is restricted. Children have no light to study. Open fires produc

4、e hazardous thick smoke and kerosene lamps are both expensive and dangerous. Without electricity people are denied knowledge and education. Without even simple electrical devices there is no access to vital information such as radio programs about farming techniques, flood warnings or local news.Pra

5、ctical Action is a development charity with a difference. The simplest ideas can have the most profound life -changing effect on poor people around the world. We hope to develop simple technology to fight poverty and transform their lives for the better.In Peru where millions of people do not have e

6、lectricity, weve installed micro hydro schemes (微型水电系统) bringing clean, renewable power to people. In developing countries many solar applications on the market are often not affordable or accessible. Practical Action has developed a low-cost solar lantern designed to make this source of energy more

7、 accessible to farmers like Havier.In Kenya, Practical Action field staff talked to the Masai to identify the social and health problems associated with kitchen smoke which kills more people than malaria. We worked with communities to build and install more efficient cooking stoves with smoke hoods.

8、 They not only improve peoples house by reducing smoke levels by 80%, but they also reduce drudgery, save money, and increase peoples comfort.Our successful work helps to ensure people are no longer condemned to a life of poverty.Communities are becoming healthier and they are discovering new ways t

9、o earn a living and to improve the education of their children. Practical Action believes that the right idea, however small, can change lives. Using renewable energy through simple schemes can and already does give people a way out of poverty forever.Speaking21The challenges in shifting from non -r

10、enewable to renewable energy include not only energytechnologies but also the change of social systems and lifestyles. The dominant patterns of life, both individual and institutional, which have existed for about 200 years in developed countries, will need to change.2Its all the time not easy to ch

11、ange a habit, both for individuals and for society, especially when it has already lasted for hundreds of years. It must be a fundamental change that needs a huge investment of time, effort and money from both governments and individuals.For example, now we have about 800 million motor vehicles in t

12、he world and the vast majority of them are burning oil. Changing all vehicles into new-energy ones is apparently a reallydifficult task which requires the support of technologies, policies, capitals, and of course, people.3Energy povertyEnergy poverty is lack of access to modern energy services. It

13、refers to the situation of large numbers of people in developing countries and some people in developed countries whose well-being is negatively affected by very low consumption of energy, use of dirty or polluting fuels, and excessive time spent collecting fuel to meet basic needs. It is inversely

14、related to access to modern energy services, although improving access is only one factor in efforts to reduce energy poverty.According to International Energy Agency, nearly 1.1 billion people still have no access to electricity. As a result of this situation, a new UN initiative has been launched

15、to coincide with the designation of 2012 as the International Year for Sustainable Energy for All, which has a major focus on reducing energy poverty.Extensive readingIntegrated exercises11-5:2 7 3 9 16-10:4 2 10 8 621) earning a living2) disparity3) poor health4) incremental improvements5) the hear

16、t6) stepping in with7) solar energy8) low-power systems9) install10) the energy ladder11) fragile and conflict-ridden statesAspectsMini-gridsCentralized Power Systems makingsmall-scaleenergysourcesrequiring adequate technologies large scaleFeaturesmore practical; less technological requirements inde

17、pendence resilienceCommunities not linked to the main grid;Sites that need reliable power, including:Most of the developed world military bases Applicationshospitals factories fragile and conflict-ridden states easytobecometargetsforLimitsless efficient to meet modern energydemandsviolence3 long con

18、struction delays41电炉2水泵3明火4在黑暗中5生孩子6现代医疗设备7致命疾病8煤油灯9谋生10缝纫机11碾米机12灌溉庄稼13能源贫困14主要制约因素15停电16人口增长17发电18年增长率19外交政策20导致局势不稳21大量的22 问题的核心23 劳动人口24 着手应对25 能源基础设施26 输电线路27 维修服务28 前期成本29 月付款30 维修协议31 低功率系统32 专门机构33 技术支持34 备用发电机35 军事基地36 有吸引力的选择37 工期延误38 集中式电力系统51 earned a living as a part-time secretary2 unv

19、eiled a slew of new initiatives3 has caused power outages throughout the region4 the main constraint on food production5 come to grips with the unemployment problem seriously6 seems to be an increasingly attractive option for the young in rural areasIntensive ReadingWarming upEthics are a set of mor

20、al principles that guide a persons behavior. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what is just, what is unjust, what is good, and what is bad in terms of human behavior.The problem with ethical issues is that there generally is no single accepted answer. Examples: euthanasia, a

21、bortion, cloning, capital punishment, energy use.Text understanding11) peak oil2) well publicized3) human ingenuity4) know-how5) fossil fuels21)the need of an energy efficient ethic2)40%3)5%4)25%5)25%6) turned off7) flipped8) roughly 80%9)20%10) unnecessary emissions11) social justice3Appeal: We mus

22、t make comprehensive, systemic efforts to combat global warming and prepare for the advent of oil peak.Conclusion 1: First, each of us should attempt to conserve energy, most notably in transportation and home heating.Conclusion 2: Second, as a nation, we should take up the challenge to create alter

23、native energy technologies and show the way to a sustainable energy future for the world.Language Building11-5:c i f g b 6-10:d j e a h21-5:A C A C C6-10:C C B B C31 admonition2 interactions3 conservation4 intentional5 comprehensive6 publicized7 inevitability8 depletion9 confrontations10 validity41

24、engage2 exceed3 ethical4 implication5 environmental6 inefficient51 oil embargo2 raise concerns3 energy crisis4 ethical issues5 national consensus6 peak oil7 oil production capability8 oil reserves9 recoverable petroleum10 alternative to petroleum11 a monumental challenge12 come to an end13 total ann

25、ual energy use14 in accord with15 moral basis16 an energy-inefficient car17 common good18 average citizen19 ethical implications20 industrialized countries21 underdeveloped countries22 add to23 social justice24 home heating25 take up the challenge26 oil scarcity61 The Arab oil embargo of 1973, initi

26、ated to protest US support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War, was a watershed event in US energy history.2 The peak oil challenge, less well publicized, refers to a future where the current rate of oil production is no longer possible.3 Peak oil concerns are often dismissed by those who believe that h

27、uman ingenuity and know-how will inevitably come to the rescue and provide alternatives to petroleum.4 I was one of three faculty members: a physicist, a physical geographer and an economist who initiated a public affairs colloquium on energy and society to engage students in considering it a major

28、societal issue.5 We should take up the challenge to create alternative energy technologies and show the way to a sustainable energy future for the world.71 It all boils down to one thing: human nature.2 This military action is taken in accord with United Nations resolutions.3 Accidents always arise

29、from carelessness.4 We quickly accommodated ourselves to our new surroundings.5 Man cannot live without air.6 We cannot afford to wait any longer or well miss the plane.Academic writingMicro-skill: Conciseness11 Students planning to graduate in June must make an appointment with the registrar.2 An o

30、ld man hit by a motorcycle was lying in the street.3 There are two overarching themes, influencing the way the energy landscape is reflected.4 Women, having been suffering sex discrimination, are beginning to gain equality in society.5 The recently released report received cheers from the local resi

31、dents.6 All job applicants must register in our website.7 We should create an efficient and accurate system.8 There are three trends driving the new energy revolution.21 This was both due to their years of teaching experience and their comfort level in the classroom.2 We should establish reading tha

32、t both engages students and provides them with opportunities to grapple with diverse and sophisticated texts.3 We can evaluate the writing of the student through either a verbal conversation or written response on the paper.4 These statements neither deny nor affirm what the patient is saying.5 The

33、disadvantages of using a credit card are overspending and paying the high interest rate.31 Better training of students will improve their reading efficiency. Or: With better training, students reading efficiency will improve.2 The adoption of this strategy may lead to cost reductions.3 The creation

34、of a network may improve the accessibility to marketing information.4 Regardless of majors, these students read the same textbooks and complete the same assignments.5 Despite these limitations of the study, several observations have been made.6 As the worlds biggest energy producer and consumer, Chi

35、na is promoting the use of clean energy for greener growth.Macro-skill: Concluding sentence11 NO.2 Paragraph 1: to summarize; Paragraph 2: to link it to the next paragraph.21 Using moving water to generate electricity topic offers a number of advantages over other energy sources. controlling idea2 I

36、n short, hydroelectric power is a competitive energy source and a safe environmental choice, and it is usually one of the best methods for a developing country to bring affordable electricity to rural areas.3 The signal: in short.SharingSample:The choice of an electric car is based on ethical consid

37、erations. Gasoline-powered cars contribute to air pollution, create smog in some large cities, lead to global warming, thus harm the common good. A 2013 study by MIT indicates that 53,000 early deaths occur per year in the United States alone because of vehicle emissions. Electric cars, in contrast,

38、 have long been recognized as the ideal solution because they are much cleaner and more environment-friendly. Lets take the example of a commuter who drives to work each morning. If he/she drives agasoline-powered car, his/her commute will generate, say, 100kg of CO2 per month. With an electric car, however, that same ride would generate zero emissions (assuming zero-emission grid).Its clear that electric cars hold a lot of potential for creating a more sustainable future.