2022届高考英语一轮复习专项点拨专题04高考阅读理解之主旨大意题.doc

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1、主旨大意题目录六. 阅读理解主旨大意题16.1篇章主旨题16.2篇章目的题76.3段落主旨题14六. 阅读理解主旨大意题6.1篇章主旨题【命题方式】1. 常见命题形式(主旨类)The main idea/ key point of this passage is that _.The passage is mainly about _.The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is that _.From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.The last paragraph is chiefly c

2、oncerned with _. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 2.标题类(best title) The best title/ headline for this passage is _.What might be the best title for the story?【解题技巧】1.定位文章的主旨句：【标题、首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句

3、】及【高频词】。2.没有明显主旨句：各段中心句总结相加法或者语文总结中心思想法。3.标题题还可以用反向逆推法，即锁定选项标题，以此自己构思一篇文章，看看和阅读文章的安排构思是否一致。【分析选项特点】 正确选项特点：1. 是主题句、关键词2. 能概括文章全部内容 3. 含义深刻或说明道理错误选项特点：1. 无中生有的新内容2. 范围过宽或过窄某一细节内容 3. 偷换概念文章标题特点：1.独特新颖吸引读者 2.概括性强不能只概括某些事实和细节 3.短小精悍【典例分析】1Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communic

4、ate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of usever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the oppos

5、ite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition depending on who needs it.Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌)networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the rig

6、ht amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about mother trees, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how d

7、ying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down mother trees with no awareness of these highly complex tree societies or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival fo

8、r the entire forest.We didnt take any notice of it Simard says sadly. Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts

9、 for the future.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B. Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC. Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D. Trees Contribute To Our Society2Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also deliciou

10、s. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have

11、a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help

12、 it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower

13、reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to

14、get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.What can be the best title for the text?A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeepi

15、ng in Africa D. Honey-Lovers Helper3Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river,

16、 an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its near

17、est relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looki

18、ng very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smal

19、ler living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.1. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.2. Young hoatzins are differen

20、t from their parents in that .A. they look like young cuckoos B. they have claws on the wings C. they eat a lot like a cow D. they live on river banks3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four wings

21、like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better. C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.4Science cant explain the power of pets, but man

22、y studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A

23、2022 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people half of them pet owners while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend

24、 or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel

25、more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets dont judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat

26、 people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight

27、. Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall mostly with their dogs and found it worth doing.1. What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their owners. B. How pets help people calm down.C. Peoples opinions of keeping pe

28、ts. D. Pets value in medical research.2. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if .A. he has a pet companion B. he has less stress of workC. he often does mental arithmetic D. he is taken care of by his family3. According to Allen, why did the pe

29、ople do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure. B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous. D. They are in higher spirits.4. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that _.A. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same

30、 weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpful5When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a c

31、ity animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff ( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds. Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help

32、of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the

33、 country.For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a st

34、udent from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hung

35、ry, Steve Tregear said, “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water, he added.It was, as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle (奇迹). 1. The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was .A. rescuing her owner B. caught in a hurricaneC. blocked by a rock D. running after

36、 a sheep2. Who spotted Judy after the accident?A. A birdwatcher. B. A student from Leeds.C. Six volunteers. D. The coastguard of Cornwall.3. What can we infer from the text?A. People like to travel with their pets. B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.C. Luck plays a vital role in Judys survi

37、val.D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Miracle of the Coastguard B. Surviving a HurricaneC. Dangers in the Wild D. Coming Back from the Dead6Working women make up nearly half of the U.S. workforce, and 51 percent of profession

38、al workers, like doctors, lawyers, nurses and accountants, are female. While climbing the career ladder can be rewarding, it often comes with one big downside: weight gain!New research published this week in the International Journal of Obesity shows that working women are more likely to be overweig

39、ht, and the more you work, the more pounds youre likely to pile on. Like many women, I work. a lot! As a self-employed nutrition communications specialist, I sit at my desk, in front of a computer, for hours on end. Sitting alone is one of the worst things you can do for your health, and its directl

40、y linked to being overweight and increased fatness, so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight isnt that surprising. If you work, you have less time to move around. Obesity肥胖症researchers are revealing many other ways that employment is harmful to your diet and waistline.In the International

41、 Journal of Obesity study, some 9,276 Australian women aged 45-50 had their body weight and employment status monitored for two years. Results? Those who worked more than 35 hours were likely to gain weight compared to those who worked fewer hours or were out of the workforce. Whats more, the more h

42、ours a woman worked in a week, the more weight she gained. The authors of the Australian study attribute weight gain among working women to inactivity, lack of time for food preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more alcohol. Ill also add in trav

43、el, meals eaten out and working at night as other factors that I can find to make balancing work with a healthy diet a challenge.1.The text above is probably taken from _.A. a sports report B. a fashion journalC. a health and fitness magazine D. an advertisement post2.A woman who works as an account

44、ant is more likely to _.A. gain more weight B. have more time to move aroundC. work a full time job D. keep a balanced diet3.Which is NOT the cause of working women weight gaining according to the passage？ A. Lacking time for food preparation. B. Using more prepared food.C. Consuming too much alcoho

45、l. D. Taking part in more activities.4.What can be a suitable title for the test?A. Less activity leads to fat. B. Ways of gaining weight.C. Effects of weight gaining. D. Working women more likely pile on pounds6.2篇章目的题【命题方式】The purpose/intention of this passage is that _. The authors purpose of wri

46、ting the text is most likely to . 【解题技巧】1.说明文：to inform readers告知读者某些信息2.议论文：to persuade readers说服读者接受某种观点3.记叙文：to make people laugh, to tell an interesting experience，to entertain readers娱乐读者，让人发笑4.广告文体写作目的题一般用advertise!文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比方book,可能是书的前言或简介,假设有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,那么可能是广告(advertisement): to se

47、ll a product or a service, to attract more visitors/readers/audience.5.新闻报道写作目的题常用report!假设首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC等提示,如(XINHUA NET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,那么选项一定与news有关!【典例分析】1ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia - One of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) - the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton ( 骨骼 ) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 - will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twic