中考英语专题专题4数词.docx

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1、专题四 数词教学目标1. 掌握基数词的构成方式，用法及读法；2. 掌握序数词的构成方式，用法及与定冠词the的关系；3. 掌握数词的其他常用表达法；4. 准确完成数词的相关练习。数词专题考情分析数词是用来表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。除基数词和序数词外，和数词相关的还有分数、小数、倍数、百分数等。各地中考试题中有关数词的考点，主要集中在基数词、序数词及分数上。包括基数词的读法、序数词的形式、基数词与所修饰的复数名词之间的关系、整百和整千百万、十亿等数词的用法、数词与名词和形容词组成复合形容词的形式等。近几年的中考试题中基数词与序数词有隔年考察的趋势。自我测试1. There are _ days

2、 in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2. _people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of3. There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hun

3、dreds of D. hundred of4. My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one5. Sunday is the_ day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third6. There are_ months in a year. December is the _ month of the year.A. twelve; twe

4、lve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth7. Autumn is _ season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth8. The girl wanted to sing_ song in English.A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second9. About_ of the books in our school library are written in Chi

5、nese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth10. _ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth11. They moved to Beijing _A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980s12. Every day he

6、 begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten参考答案：CDABB BBBBA CA教学建议：1. 如果学生自我测试中的1-4小题有错误，建议先带着学生回忆考点1关于基数词的根底考点复习局部，并完成根底演练与稳固提升两局部中的相关习题。2. 如果学生自我测试中的5-8小题有错误，建议先带着学生回忆考点2关于序数词的根底考点复习局部，并完成根底演练与稳固提升两局部中的相关习题。3. 如果学生自我测试中的9-12小题有错误，建议先带着学

7、生回忆考点3关于数词的其他常用表达法的根底考点复习局部，并完成根底演练与稳固提升两局部中的相关习题。4. 通过自我测试局部的测验，可以简单了解学生对于数词的整体掌握情况，根据自己所带学生的学习程度，数词考点的复习可以有所删减或选择性的讲解。知识梳理考点归纳教学建议：建议此局部根据学生具体的学习情况进行选择性的讲解。如果学生学习程度一般，建议从前往后，由易到难，帮助学生进行考点的梳理和归纳。每个小考点所配习题均为各省市中考真题，帮助学生了解每个考点的考查形式，例题局部可以老师带着学生分析完成，也可以在讲解完一个考点以后，让学生独立完成，然后检查学生对该考点的掌握情况。红色答案局部在给学生的讲义中

8、可以删掉。【考点1】基数词1. 基数词的构成方式表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。它的构成方式如下：1-one13-thirteen20-twenty100-a / one hundred2-two14-fourteen21-twenty-one101-one hundred and one3-three15-fifteen22-twenty-two110-one hundred and ten4-four16-sixteen23-twenty-three156-one hundred and fifty-six5-five17-seventeen30-thirty1,000-a / one tho

9、usand6-six18-eighteen40-forty3,895-three thousand, eighty hundred and ninety-five7-seven19-nineteen50-fifty1,000,000-a / one million8-eight60-sixty1,000,000,000-a / one billion9-nine70-seventy10-ten80-eighty11-eleven90-ninety12-twelve我们可以得出下面的规律：. 1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式；. 13-19都以teen结尾，单词中的两个音节都读重音；. 20

10、-90之间“整十都以-ty结尾，单词中的第一个音节重读；. 20-99之间的“几十几，十位和个位之间加连字符“-；. 101-999之间的非整百的基数词的读法为：百位数和十位数或个位数之间用and连接；. 四位数或四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律为：用逗号从右向左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前用thousand，第二个逗号前用million，第三个逗号前用billion；读数时从左向右一次读出来。如：3, 728, 221, 969可读为 three billion, seven hundred and twenty-eight million, two hundred and twenty-on

11、e thousand, nine hundred and sixty-nine基数词的构成口诀：1至12独立词，13至19-teen加起，20至90整十位，-ty结尾是后缀。几十几，连字符“-莫忘记。几百几，hundred后面and立。例题：用英文读出并写出以下数字：107 _25, 302 _3, 227, 346 _7, 201, 750, 110 _答案：one hundred and seventwenty-five thousand three hundred and twothree million two hundred and twenty-seven thousand thr

12、ee hundred and forty-sixseven billion two hundred and one million seven hundred and fifty thousand one hundred and ten2. 基数词的用法(1). 表示数量的多少、号码的大小等。如：There are two playgrounds in our school. 我们学校有两个操场。What size do you need? 你要多大号码的？Size five. 五号。例题：2022桂林There are _ students in my art club, twenty-tw

13、o girls and eighteen boys.A. fourteenB. fortiethC. forty答案：C(2). 表示年份、年龄或时刻。如：The little boy was born in 1995. 这个男孩出生于1995年。My grandma is eighty years old. 我奶奶呢80岁了。Its about nine oclock. 大约9点。注意：表达“在几十年代时，用“in the + 几十的基数词的复数形式；表达“在某人几十岁时，用“in ones +几十的基数词的复数形式。如：In his twenties my uncle went to Fr

14、ance. 我叔叔在他二十多岁时去了法国。In the 1900s, Mr. Wang worked in a factory. 二十世纪九十年代，王先生在一家工厂上班。例题：2022贵州铜仁About _ of the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the _.A. three five; 1996B. three fifths; 1990sC. third fifth; 1997D. third fifths; 1990s答案：B(3). 表示顺序。基数词表示顺序时，由“单数名词+基数词构成，此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常大写

15、。如：What class are you in this term? 这学期你在哪个班？Im in Class One Grade Three. 我在三年级一班。例题：2022广东Please turn to page _ and take a look at the picture on it.A. the eightiethB. eightiethC. eightiesD. eighty答案：D(4). “another + 基数词 + 名词或“基数词 + more + 名词表示在已有根底上再增加一定的数量。如：In another two weeks, it will be finis

16、hed. 再过两个星期，这活就完成了。例题：2022山东菏泽Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory?No, I think we need _ students.A. two moreB. more twoC. two otherD. two another答案：A3. hundred, thousand, million, billion的特殊用法(1). hundred, thousand等数词，其前有具体数字修饰，表示具体的数目时，用单数。如：The boy has collected two thousand stamps

17、. 这个男孩已经收集了两千张邮票。例题：2022淮安More than two _ trees are planted in our neighborhood every year.A. hundredB. hundredsC. hundreds ofD. hundred of答案：A(2). 当hundred, thousand等与“of + 复数名词连用时，表示模糊概念，这时hundred, thousand等要用复数形式。如：Every year, there are hundreds of people visiting the place of interest. 每年有成百上千人参

18、观这处名胜。Thats great!_ foreign college students are interested in Chinese learning.A. Hundred ofB. ThousandsC. HundredD. Thousands of答案：D【考点2】序数词1. 序数词的构成方式基数词变序数词的规律：序数词大都是由基数词变化而来的。其构成形式如下：基数词的形式变序数词的规那么举例一般在基数词后加-thfour - fourth以-t结尾在基数词后加-height eighth以-e结尾去e再加-thnine ninth以-ve结尾改ve为f，再加-thfive fif

19、th以-ty结尾的整十数改y为ie，再加-thtwenty twentieth20以上的两位数只变个位数thirty-two thirty-second基数词变序数词口诀：基数变序数，th来帮助。1/2/3，特殊记；8少t，9去e；y结尾改ie；ve要用f替；five, twelve是两兄弟；遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。注意：序数词在实际书写运用时，常用缩写形式，缩写形式为“阿拉伯数字 + 序数词最后面的两个字母。如：first 1st; seventeenth 17th; twenty-second 22nd; thirty-third 33rd 例题：把以下基数词变为序数词：three _

20、five _eight _nine _twelve _fourteen _twenty-one _thirty-four _答案：thirdfiftheighthninthtwelfthfourteenthtwenty-firstthirty-fourth2. 序数词的用法(1). 表示顺序。序数词表示顺序时，其前需用定冠词the，后面接单数名词。如：February is the second month of the year. 二月是一年中的第二个月。例题：2022绥化December is the _ month of the year.A. twelveB. twelvethC. t

21、welfth答案：C(2). 表示日期中的“日。如：Monday, February 2nd 2月2号，星期一(3). 序数词前也可用不定冠词a / an，表示“再，又。A. a thirdB. a secondC. the third答案：A3. 序数词与定冠词the序数词前面要加定冠词the来表达顺序，但在下面的情况下，不加the：(1). 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，序数词前不用the。如：This is our first lesson this term. 这是我们这一学期的第一节课。例题：2022天津Li Ming will be _. His parents

22、are going to have a party for his _ birthday.A. sixteen; sixteenthB. sixteenth; sixteenthC. sixteen; sixteenD. sixteenth; sixteen答案：A(2). 表达“又一，再一时，序数词前不用the。但可加不定冠词。如：Please give me a second chance. 请再给我一次时机。A. third, fourB. three, fourthC. third, fourth答案：B【考点3】数词的其他常用表达法1. 分数的表达法用数词表达分数时，分子用基数词，分

23、母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母用复数。如：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen. 氧气只占空气的五分之一。注意：“四分之一常表示为a quarter；“四分之三表示为“three quarters；“二分之一表示为“a half。如：I will take three quarters of the tea away. 我要拿走这茶叶的四分之三。例题：2022兰州_ of the students in Class 6 have lunch at school.A. Two fifthB. One thirdsC. Three fifthD. Th

24、ree quarters答案：D2. 时间的表达法(1). 表示“几点钟用基数词加oclock，但oclock常可以省略。如：The boy usually gets up at five oclock. 这个男孩通常五点钟起床。(2). 表示“几点过几分用past，但分钟数必须在1分钟到29分钟之间。如：At ten past nine, we begin our second lesson. 9点10分，我们开始上第二节课。(3). 表示“差几分几点用介词to，但分钟数必须在31分钟到59分钟之间。如：They arrived in Guiyang at a quarter to seve

25、n yesterday morning. 昨天早晨6点45分他们到达了贵阳。注意：1. minute分与oclock一样，通常可以省略。At eight nineteen. 8点19分。2. 日常生活中读时间表，常把读法简化，直接按照数字的顺序读。如：7:05 seven 0 five3:30 three thirty(1). 单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number，简写为No.。如：No. 2 第2(2). 大序号通常只用“名词+数词。如：Room 305 第305号房间Page 126 第126页如：Tel: 4885207 读作 four, double eight, five, two

26、, zero, seven4. 约数的表达法英语中除了用hundreds of, thousands of等表达“约数外，还有以下几种表达法：(1). “大约用about, nearly, around等。如：The dog weighs about 80 pounds. 这条狗约80磅重。(2). “多于“超过用over, more than。如：Answer these questions in not more than / over 45 words. 答复以下问题，不要超过45个单词。(3). “不超过“少于用less than, below。如：She is less than t

27、wenty years old. 她不到20岁。(4). “左右用or so表达。如：In the past fifty years or so, scientists have been able to see farther and farther into the sky. 在过去50年左右的时间里，科学家已经能够观察到越来越远的太空。(5). “.或者以上用or more表示。The hall can hold 1,000 people or more. 大厅可容纳1000人或者更多。(6). “.或者以下用or less表示。如：There are 2,000 students or

28、 less in our school. 我们学校有2000或将近2000名学生。5. 倍数的表达法表示甲是乙的几倍时，常用下面的三种方法：(1). A + 动词 + 倍数 + 比拟级 + than B(2). A + 动词 + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as B(3). A + 动词 + 倍数 + the + 相应的名词 + of B例如：这根绳子是那根的3倍长。This rope is twice loner than that one.6. 数词的复数形式可数名词有复数形式，数词也有复数。数词的复数主要用于以下几种情况。(1). 表示某人几十岁时。10，20，90等表示整十的数词变成

29、复数形式，用在“in ones + 整十数词复数的短语中，意为“在某人几十岁时。如：Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties. 马克思在五十几岁时开始学习俄语。(2). 表示几十年代时。10，20，90等表示整十的数词变成复数形式，用在“in the + 整十数词复数的短语中，意为“在年代。如：The family moved to France in the 1950s. 这家人20世纪50年代搬到了法国。(3). 表示不确切的数目时。hundred, thousand, million, billion后加-s和of连用，表示“成百的，成千上万的

30、。如：Thousands of people visit the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的人参观长城。例题：2022安顺Unluckily _people were killed in the earthquake.A. two thousandsB. thousand ofC. two thousands ofD. thousands of答案：D(4). 数词仅被当成个体名词看待时。如：The number has five threes. 这个数字中有5个3。(5). 在表达分数时。当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式。如：three fifths

31、 五分之三例题：2022黑龙江About _ of the land _ covered with trees and grass.A. three fifths; isB. three fifths; areC. three fifth; are答案：A根底演练教学建议：建议此局部用作当堂检测练习，复习完数词考点以后，即刻让学生完成数词各个考点的综合练习。大局部练习的考点在讲解过程中都有涉及，局部常见常考单词建议老师在指导学生练习的过程中可以补充给学生。一、用英文读出并写出以下数字。1. 72 _2. 103 _3. 1,720 _4. 11,845 _5. 6,538,005 _6. 51

32、2 _7. 54,000_8. 1,107,321,003 _二、将以下基数词变为序数词。1. one _2. two _3. three _4. four _5. eight _6. twelve _7. twenty-five _8. thirty _三、单项选择。1. There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six2. Ever

33、y year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people3. _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of4. Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of st

34、ars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star5. Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second6. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred a

35、nd forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five7. The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nineA. at

36、fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth9. He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning10. He began to work there_. A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties11. We all like t

37、he boy _.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten12. She was _ her early twenties when she went abroad. A. at B. on C. of D. in13. Tom is_ in the row.A. a second B. the second C. two D. second14. Now let me have_.A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third tr

38、y15. During_ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentiethD. the twenty16. Sunday is the_ day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third17. Tom was _ to get to school and I was _.A. first; ninthB. a first; a ninth C. the first; the ninthD

39、. the second; the nineth18 Whats the date today?Its _.19. Jenny was born _.A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 1020. Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday21 _ of the

40、 students are girls in our class.A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three稳固提升教学建议：建议此局部用作课后作业，整体难度比【根底演练】局部难度有所增加。一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Toms mom gave him a nice gift on his _ (nine) birthday.2. Whats the date today?Its September the _ (thirty).3. Mr. Wu asked his students to turn to t

41、he _ (fifty-eight) page.5. How happily we are living in the _ (twenty-one) century. 二、2022全国中考数词专项练习。1.2022济南How many hours do you sleep every night?About _ hours. From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.A. nineB. nineteenC. ninthD. ninetyA. two and a half monthsB. two months and halfC. two and a half month3.202

42、2毕节市A year is divided into _ months. August is the _ month of the year. A. twelve；eightB. twelve；eighthC. twelfth；eightD. twelfth；eighth4.2022黔东南州There are _ people in Toms family. They live on the _ floor.A. five; ninethBfifth; nineC. five; ninthD. fifth; ninth5.2022泸州On her _ birthday, she got an

43、iPad as a gift from her father.A. twelveB. twelfthC. the twelveD. the twelfth6.2022随州If your parents wanted to have a _child, would you agree?A. second；secondB. two；twoC. second；twoD. two；secondA. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth8.2022哈尔滨What are you going to do this Saturday?I am going to the old pe

44、oples home to celebrate Mrs. Greens _ birthday.A. ninty-ninthBninety-ninthC. ninety-nineth9.2022重庆Meimei is going to be an older sister. Her parents are planning to have their _ child. A. oneB. twoC. firstD. second10.2022资阳He climbed so fast that he reached _ floor in two minutes.A. nineB. the nineC. the ninthD. ninth11.2022咸宁The _ Brazils Olympic games will be held on August 5._exciting news for the long summer vacation!A. thirty-one; How aB. thirty-first; What