专题11动词的语态-2年中考1年模拟备战2022年中考英语精品系列(解析版).docx

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1、备战2022中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题11 动词的语态解读考点动词的语态和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，那么可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成，一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。直击考点语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的

2、接受者为被动语态。被动语态1) 被动语态最根本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。 The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to的情况假设宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel,

3、 hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 4) 主动形式表示被动意义如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如： The food tastes good.【名师

4、点睛】一、重点1 .被动语态的构成：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am(is ,are) + 动词过去分词Rice is grown in China .中国出产大米。(2)一般过去时的被动语态：was(were) + 动词过去分词These photos were taken last year .这些照片是去年照的。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词This car can be mended in an hour .这辆小汽车一小时就能修好。2 .主动语态变被动语态的方法：(1)把主动语态

5、的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致，但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。(3)把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，有时可以省略。二、难点(1)被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态)。(2)主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变)。三、考点(1)一般现在时的被动语态。(2)一般过去时的被动语态。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态。(4)将主动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。四主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变

6、为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。有时by的短语可以省略；例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week .五、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was

7、 built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +

8、 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are tw o books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.六、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ag

9、o.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do so methingsomebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The li ttle boy

10、 was made to do heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.2年中考20

11、22年题组1【2022年福建省莆田市中考】 - - Do you know if Tom_ to Lilys birthday party last Sunday? - Sorry, Ive no idea.A. is invited B. was invited C. invited【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：-你知道上个星期天汤姆是否被邀请参加莉莉的生日聚会了吗?-对不起，我不知道。这里Tom与invite之间是被动关系，故排除C;根据时间状语last Sunday可知从句的谓语动词应该用一般过去时。应选B。 外语联邦 向该团提问 采纳率：25.5% 宣言：We are the wo

12、rld.考点：考查动词时态及语态。2.【2022年湖北省恩施州中考】Nobody knows when the stone bridge _ , because there is no record about it.A. has built B. was built C. built【答案】B语态。应选B考点：考查动词时态及语态。3.【2022年江苏省淮安市中考】Last March, many trees _ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.A. were planted B. were plantingC. had pl

13、antedD. planted【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：上个月三月份，为了使我们的城市变得更加漂亮，沿街种植了很多树。根据时间状语last March可知这里应该用一般过去时，故排除B、C；句子的主语trees与plant之间是被动语态，应选A。考点：考查动词时态及语态。4【2022年江苏省徐州市中考】The Second Youth Olympic Gamesin Nanjing on the sixteenth of August, 2022. A. will hold B. will be held C. was held D. is holding【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句

14、意：第二届青年奥运会将在2022年8月16日在南京举行。根据时间状语on the sixteenth of August, 2022表示未来的时间，所以句子应该用一般将来时，故排除C、D；句子的主语The Second Youth Olympic Games与hold之间是被动关系。故排除A；应选B。考点：考查动词时态及语态。5.【2022年江苏省盐城市中考】ShenzhouX, Chinas fifth manned spacecraft, _into space on June 11. 2022. A. has sentB. was sent C. will send D. is sent

15、【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：神舟十号，也就是中国的第五个载人飞船，在2022年6月11日发射进入太空。根据时间状语onJune11.2022句子应该用一般过去时，故排除CD，句子的主语Shenzhenx与send之间是被动关系。应选B。考点：考查动词时态及被动语态。2022年题组1.【2022年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】- Have you heard of the song Little Apple? - Yes. It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. A.is played B.pl

16、aysC.was played D.played【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：-你听说过?小苹果?这首歌吗？-是的，每天上午当上了年纪的人在楼下跳广场舞时都播放它。It这里指小苹果这首歌曲和动词play之间是动宾关系，所以用被动结构。根据every morning可知用一般现在时，应选A。【考点定位】考查动词的被动语态。2【广州市2022年初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】Many houses _ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A. damaged B. were damaged C. were da

17、maging D. are damaged 【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：很多房子都被地震毁坏了，成千上万的人无家可归。damaged毁坏，过去式；were damaged被毁坏，被动语态；were damaging正在毁坏，过去进行时态；are damaged被毁坏，一般现在时态的被动语态。根据句意和句中的thousands of people were left homeless可知，这里用的是一般过去时态，并且Many houses和damage构成被动关系，故应选B。【考点定位】考查动词的时态和语态。3.【湖南省益阳市2022年中考英语试题】Claudia, are you goi

18、ng to Mikes birthday party on Sunday? Unless I _ .Aam invited Binvited Cwas inviting【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：-Claudia，这个星期天你打算去参加Mike的生日晚会吗？-除非我被邀请去。am invited 一般现在时态的被动语态，被邀请；invited过去式，或过去分词；was inviting 过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在发生的事情。根据句意可知，我应被邀请去参加晚会，应该用被动语态，应选A。【考点定位】考查动词的被动语态。4.【江西省2022年中等学校招生考试英语试题卷】You cant

19、wear shoes inside this place. It_.A. doesnt allow B. isnt allowedC. hasnt allowed D. wasnt allowed【答案】B【考点定位】考查动词时态及语态辨析。5.【重庆市2022年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题A卷】 How clean your car is! -Thank you. It _ very often.A. is washedB. washesC. was washedD. washed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：-你的车真干净！-谢谢。它经常被洗。is washed被动语态，被冲洗；wa

20、shes第三人称单数形式；was washed一般过去时的被动语态；washed过去式。根据句意可知，这句话说的是经常性的动作，因此应该用一般现在时态，并且It和wash之间构成被动关系，故应选A。【考点定位】考查动词的时态和语态。6.【2022年福州市初中毕业会考、高级中等学校招生考试英语试题】Dont smoke here, Dad. Smoking _ in public places.Oh, sorry. Ill stop right now.A. isnt allowed B.arent allowedC. doesnt allow【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：不要在这儿吸烟，爸

21、爸。在公共场所不允许吸烟。哦，对不起，我马上停止。“不允许吸烟，吸烟smoking在句中作主语，用被动语态。动名词短语smoking作主语，谓语用三人称单数。应选A。【考点定位】考查动词语态辨析。7.【山东省泰安市2022年中考英语试题】-Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday? -Im not sure. Because I so far. A. have invited B. wasnt invited C. have been invited D. will be invited【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：-

22、莉莉，这个周六你参加詹尼的生日派对吗？-我不确定，因为我目前为止还没有被邀请。主语是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；so far，现在完成时的标志词，应选C。【考点定位】考查被动语态的现在完成时。8.【天津市2022年中考英语试题】The novel _ by many people today. A. is read B. are read C.reads D. were read【答案】A【考点定位】考查被动语态的用法。考点归纳对于语态考查，多以单项选择、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下，会综合考查时态和语态，这时，要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态，然

23、后再确定语态。典型例题：-Could you tell me whom the radio_by? -Sorry, I have no idea.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented【答案】D【解析】题干的意思是你能告诉我收音机是谁创造的吗？，创造收音机是过去的事，所以用过去时，排除A和C，而radio和invent构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B误区提醒:有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上to，这一点我们必须注意。典型例题：The young man was often seen _ by

24、the lake.A.to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew【答案】A语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，那么用被动语态。英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或模糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有被的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往

25、由by引出，而有用介词by的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类.所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。这两种时态无被动形式。另外，不及物

26、动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否认式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。易错易混使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This

27、pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when

28、 she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bik

29、e. A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse一些特殊的被动结构6. 主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：动词want, need,

30、require, deserve后用动名词的主动形式，这时，动名词同句中主语有动宾关系。This point deserves mentioning.The window want / requires repairing.The children need looking after.有些及物动词后须加副词如well, easily等，形成不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。有些可不加如：act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, read, strike, write, break, build, burn, drive, eat, play, prove, sell,

31、 shut, wash, write等动词。如：This knife cuts well.这把刀很好用。This book sells well.这书卖得很好。The play wont act.这戏不宜上演。The door wont shut.这门关不上。KThe cloth washes/sells well.这布很经洗畅销。形容词worth后直接加动名词时。The book is worth reading twice.某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。The fish is not fit to eat.某些感官动词和系动词如feel, look, prove, s

32、mell, sound, taste, wear等与形容词连用时。 The dish tastes delicious.The water feels very cold.7.以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句：以下不及物动词及短语动词：appear, belong to, break out, die, happen, lie, occurs, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of, have on, keep up with及一些固定词组，如keep words, lose hearts, make a face等。宾语是反身

33、代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词。7Let 开头的祈使句的被动式为：Let + 宾语 + be done。Dont let your duties be forgotten.8“据报道句型It was reported that 中的report可用believe, consider, declare, except, feel, know, say, see, suppose, think, understand等词替换。It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望

34、It is well known that众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that被视为当然It has been decided that大家决定It must be remembered that务必记住的是三必须牢记的固定句式里面的时态要求：2.It has been two years since he went aboard.3.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4.Hardly had I got home when t

35、he telephone rang.5.No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.解题技能学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：1.读懂句意，确定主谓，判断主语表示人还是物，一般人作主语时，谓语动词用主动语态，当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出，假设为主语发出，用主动语态，假设不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。2.再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。1年模拟1.【福建模拟】Bob,you cant go out to play wi

36、th your friends untilyour homework.A.willfinish B.is finished C.will be finished【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：鲍勃，你完成作业后才能出去和朋友玩。until：在之前，直到。引出时间状语从句，时间状语从句里要用一般现在时态表将来；从句主语your homework是谓语动词finish的承受者，谓语用被动语态。应选B。考点：考查时态及语态辨析。2.【江西清江模拟】 I feel very happy that I _ to be the host . Congratulations .A. choose B. a

37、m chosen C. was chosen D. have chosen 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：我感到快乐我被选作主持人了。祝贺你。“我被选择用被动语态。结果，过去选的，故用一般过去时态的被动语态，选C。考点：考查动词时态语态辨析。3.【辽宁大石模拟】It will be easier for people to realize their dreams if they_highly A. have; educated B. will; educate C. are, educated D. were; educated 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：如果人们接收更高的教育，

38、对于他们来说更容易意识到他们的梦想。根据if引导的条件状语从句，主语用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，根据语境可知用被动语态bedone的结构。结合句意，应选C考点：考查动词的语态和时态。4.【辽宁大石模拟】The Disneyland Park in Shanghai in a few years.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：几年之后，这个迪尼斯公园将在上海被建成。根据时间状语in a few years可知此题用将来时的被动语态will be done的结构。结合句意，应选B考点：考查动词的时态及语态。5.【北京门头沟模拟】A new library in my college nex

39、t year. A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. will be built【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：明年我们学院要建一个新图书馆。据next year故句子用一般将来时态；据主语A new library是动词build的承受者故句子用被动语态，故句子用一般将来时的被动语态，应选D。考点：考查被动语态。6.【江西金溪模拟】“Ordinary World, Lu Yaos famous novel, please! A. sold out B. is sold out C. was sold out D. has sold out【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：请给拿?平凡的世界?，路遥的小说。对不起，它刚刚卖完了。但是它将很快再次出版。据justnow故句子用该一般过去时，据主语it是soldout的承受者故句子用被动语态，故用一般过去时的被动语态，应选C。考点：考查被动语态。