云南省昆明市第一中学2022届高三英语下学期第九次考前适应性训练试题含解析.doc

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1、云南省昆明市第一中学2021届高三英语下学期第九次考前适应性训练试题含解析本试卷共三个局部。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。总分值120分，考试用时100 分钟。考前须知：1答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清 楚，并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目，在规定的位置上贴好条形码。2.每题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦擦 干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答在试卷上的答案无效。第一局部：阅读理解共两节，总分值40分第一节共15小题：每题2分，总分值30分阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选

2、项A、B、C、D中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIf a steaming bowl of soup strikes you as the ultimate in comfort, youve got plenty of company. Soup is one of the worlds oldest and most universal foods.These are CNNs nominations for 4 of the best soups around the world:Beef pho / VietnamBroth is simmered for hours w

3、ith cinnamon, star anise and other warm spices to create a wonderfully fragrant base for this noodle soup.Beef pho remains the most beloved version in Vietnam, with options that include the original raw beef, a mix of raw and cooked beef.Bouillabaisse / FranceBouillabaisse distills classic Mediterra

4、nean flavors into a dish which has the same meaning as the coastal city of Marseille. Saffron, olive oil, fennel, garlic and tomatoes blend with fish fresh from the sea.Lanzhou beef noodle soup / ChinaShaping-or pulling-la mian noodles by hand for this traditional soup is an art in itself. Artisans

5、use a finely milled, high-gluten flour and alkaline powder to mix a stretchy dough, then pull and fold a single piece of dough to make enough noodles for a bowl of soup.Slip them into a bowl of beef soup for a world-class soup that includes tender beef, pale slices of carrots, chili oil and fresh he

6、rbs.Tom yum goong / ThailandSweet, sour, spicy and salty, this soups magnificent broth is the ideal foil for sweet, tender shrimp. Fragrant ingredients include galangal, lemongrass and lime leaves, while slivers of bright red birds eye chilis add additional heat.Tom yum goong is just one of many var

7、ieties of tom yum soup in Thailand - this version comes enriched with fat prawns, and is a favorite with many diners.1. If you feel like having a taste of western flavour, you may choose_.A. Beef phoB. BouillabaisseC. Lanzhou beef noodle soupD. Tom yum goong2. What do Beef pho and Lanzhou beef noodl

8、e soup have in common?A. Theyre served with noodles.B. Theyre famous for being spicy.C. Seafood is one of their ingredients.D. The processes of them look artistical.3. Red birds eye chilis can make the soup .A. sweetB. sourC. spicyD. salty【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四种CNN提名的汤料理。【1题详解】细节理解

9、题。根据Bouillabaisse / France局部中“Bouillabaisse distills classic Mediterranean flavors into a dish which has the same meaning as the coastal city of Marseille. ( Bouillabaisse将经典的地中海风味提炼成一道如同海滨城市马赛一样的菜肴)可知，如果您喜欢吃西餐，您可以选择Bouillabaisse。应选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Beef pho / Vietnam局部中“Broth is simmered for hours wi

10、th cinnamon, star anise and other warm spices to create a wonderfully fragrant base for this noodle soup.(汤汁与肉桂、八角和其他温热的香料一起炖煮数小时，为这道面汤创造出美妙的香味)以及Lanzhou beef noodle soup局部中“Artisans use a finely milled, high-gluten flour and alkaline powder to mix a stretchy dough, then pull and fold a single piece

11、 of dough to make enough noodles for a bowl of soup. (工匠们用细磨的高筋面粉和碱性粉来混合一个有弹性的面团，然后拉折一个面团，做出足够一碗汤的面条)可知，牛肉河粉和兰州牛肉面的共同之处是它们是和面条一起吃的。应选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Fragrant ingredients include galangal, lemongrass and lime leaves, while slivers of bright red birds eye chilis add additional heat.(香味浓郁的配料包括高良

12、姜、柠檬草和莱姆叶，而鲜红的鸟眼辣椒那么增添了更多的辣味)可知，鸟眼红辣椒可以让汤更辣。应选C。BAbout 2,400 years ago in Athens a man was put to death for asking too many questions. If philosophy has a patron saint 领航者，it is Socrates.Shabby and a bit strange, Socrates did not fit in. Although physically ugly and often unwashed, he had great char

13、m and a brilliant mind. Everyone in Athens agreed that there had never been anyone quite like him and probably wouldnt be again. He was unique.As a young man, he had been a brave soldier fighting in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans and their allies. In middle age, he wandered around the ma

14、rketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions. That was more or less all he did. But the questions he asked were razor-sharp.Over and over again Socrates demonstrated that the people he met in the marketplace didnt really know what they thought they knew. A military

15、commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what courage meant, but after 20 minutes in Socrates company, he would leave completely confused. The experience must have been disconcerting. Socrates loved to reveal the limits of what people genuinely understood, and to question

16、the assumptions on which they built their lives.The word philosopher comes from the Greek words meaning love of wisdom. The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument, reasoning and asking questions, not on believing things simply because someone important has told you they are true. Wisdom

17、for Socrates was not knowing lots of facts, but knowing how to do something. It meant understanding the true nature of our existence, including the limits of what we can know. Philosophers today are doing more or less what Socrates was doing: asking tough questions, looking at reasons and evidence,

18、struggling to answer some of the most important questions we can ask ourselves about the nature of reality and how we should live.4. What can we learn about Socrates?A. He always dressed himself properly and neatly.B. He used to be an anti-war activist when young.C. He had a sharp mind and the spiri

19、t of insistence.D. He was enthusiastic about bargaining in the supermarket.5. What does the underlined word “ disconcerting in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Awesome.B. Enjoyable.C. Disturbing.D. Risky.6. What is the wisdom from philosophy?A. Learning to argue, reason and ask.B. Having faith in what experts to

20、ld you.C. Figuring out how to solve the question.D. Managing to have access to lots of facts.7. Which column is the passage taken from?A. Politics.B. Economy.C. Society.D. Culture.【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了哲学的领航者苏格拉底通过不断地争论、质疑、寻问来展现出真正的智慧。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Although physically ugly an

21、d often unwashed, he had great charm and a brilliant mind.( 虽然他身体丑陋，经常不洗澡，但他有一个有魅力的，聪明的头脑)及第三段第二句话“In middle age, he wandered around the marketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions.( 到了中年，他在市集随处走动，时不时拦下路人，问他们一些难以答复的问题。)可推断，苏格拉底具有敏捷的思维及坚持不懈的毅力。应选C。【5题详解】词句猜想题 根据上文

22、“A military commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what courage meant, but after 20 minutes in Socrates company, he would leave completely confused.( 一位军事指挥官开始谈话时完全相信他知道“勇气是什么意思，但与苏格拉底在一起20分钟后，他感到非常困惑。)，可知，一位指挥官，原来很自信地说自己能够诠释什么是勇气，可是与苏格拉底在一起后，却显得迷惑，可知这种经历是令人不安的。故划线词与C项“令

23、人不安的意思相近。应选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument, reasoning and asking questions, not on believing things simply because someone important has told you they are true.( 他所推崇的智慧是建立在论证，推理和提问的根底上的，而不是仅仅因为某个重要的人告诉你这些事情是真的就相信它们)可知，哲学的智慧是学会争论，质疑和寻问。应选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文

24、可知，文章主要介绍了哲学的领航者苏格拉底通过不断地争论、质疑、寻问来展现出真正的智慧，介绍了苏格拉底的哲学。因此推断本文取材于文化类别。应选D。CIf you frequently Google language-related questions, youve probably seen an advertisement for Grammarly, an automated grammar-checker. Grammarly advertises its ability not only to fix a variety of mistakes like spelling and gra

25、mmar, but to replace the poor words and expressions with proper ones and improve styles too. Does it achieve what it advertises? Sometimes. But sometimes Grammarly doesnt do what it should.Artificial-intelligence systems like Grammarly are trained with data. Developers also manually add certain rule

26、s to the patterns that Grammarly has taught itself. The software then looks at a users article: if a string of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the mistake most closely resembles one from its training inputs.All this shows how far artificial intelligence is from the human kind. Comput

27、ers have advantages over humans at problems that can be solved with pure maths, such as chess. Advances in language technology have been impressive in fields, such as speech recognition. But grammar is the real magic of language. And machines are no match for humans. Computers can have a good comman

28、d of labelling things like nouns and verb phrases. But they struggle with grammatical sentences that are difficult to analyse precisely.To correct such articles requires knowing what the writer has intended. But computers dont work in meaning or intention; they work in formulae 公式. Humans, by contra

29、st, can understand even rather complex grammar, because of the ability to guess the contents of other minds. Grammar-checking computers illustrate not how bad humans are with language, but just how good.8. According to the advertisement, Grammarly can help users_.A. polish the compositionsB. collect

30、 materials of writingC. translate the essay into what you needD. master the rules of spelling and grammar9. In what way is artificial intelligence at a disadvantage?A. Playing chess.B. Speech recognition.C. Labelling nouns and verb phrases.D. Analysing grammatical sentences.10. What is the writers a

31、ttitude to grammar-checking computers?A. Praiseful.B. Unfavorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Uncaring.11. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Humans have advantages over artificial intelligence.B. A popular software to correct grammatical mistakes.C. Artificial intelligence has some problems with grammar.D.

32、The advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence.【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了当人工智能遇到语法时：问题出现了。人工智能时代，靠机器改作文并不靠谱。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段的“Grammarly advertises its ability not only to fix a variety of mistakes like spelling and grammar, but to replace the poor words and express

33、ions with proper ones and improve styles too(Grammarly宣称它不仅能够修复各种错误，如拼写和语法，而且也能够用正确的单词和表达取代糟糕的单词和表达，并改良风格)可知，Grammarly这一软件不仅可以改正拼写及语法错误，还能帮你给文章润色。应选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三自然段的“But grammar is the real magic of language. And machines are no match for humans(但语法是语言真正的魅力。机器与人类无法相比)可知，在语法上，人类比人工智能更有优势。应选D。【10

34、题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一个“To correct such articles requires knowing what the writer has intended. But computers dont work in meaning or intention; they work in formulae 公式. ( 要纠正这些文章，就需要知道作者的意图。但是计算机在意义或意图上都是无效的；它们按照公式工作。)可推断，作者对grammer-checking computer的态度是不支持的。应选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“Grammarly advertises

35、 its ability not only to fix a variety of mistakes like spelling and grammar, but to replace the poor words and expressions with proper ones and improve styles too(Grammarly宣称它不仅能够修复各种错误，如拼写和语法，而且也能够用正确的单词和短语取代糟糕的单词和表达，并改良风格)和“But sometimes Grammarly doesnt do what it should.(但有时Grammarly并不能做它应该做的事情

36、)以及文章其他内容可知，本文讲述了人工智能在语法方面存在问题，人工智能并不能替代人类。应选项C“人工智能在语法方面有一些问题具有最好的概括性和针对性。应选C。DTaking an afternoon nap could keep your brain sharp, a new study has found. Adults ages 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of better mental mind compared to those who didnt nap, according to a study publis

37、hed in General Psychiatry earlier this week.Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2, 214 Chinese people aged 60 and older and measured their cognitive abilities using several cognitive tests. Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Asses

38、sment, both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities. In every category listed in the study, nappers scored statistically higher on average compared to those non-napping people. Researchers did not gather data from people under 60, so a correlation cannot be drawn between nap

39、ping and younger generations.Sleeping behaviors can be affected by a variety of factors, said Dr. David Neubauer, associate professor at Johns Hopkins University. Daily routines, medication use and sleep disorders can all play a role in how frequently someone takes a nap, he said.Neubauer recommende

40、d taking a shorter “power nap of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep, which makes people feel dizzy when they wake up. Napping can be a healthy part of an older adults day, Neubauer acknowledged, but make sure sleepiness isnt due to a treatable nighttime sl

41、eep disorder. Older individuals who want to do all they can to preserve their cognitive functioning should put nighttime sleep in the first place.12. What is the age range of the participants?A. Under 60.B. From 60 to 70.C. At 60.D. 60 and above.13. What has the participants tested in the research?A

42、. Recognizing flavors.B. Language competence.C. Eating habits.D. Sight sensitivity.14. What kind of sleep will make people dizzy?A. Slow-wave sleep.B. Nighttime sleep.C. Power nap.D. Oversleeping.15. What is the best title of the passage?A. The Factors Affacting Sleeping BehaviorsB. It Is No Good fo

43、r the Young to Take a NapC. A Research Aimed at Monitoring Sleeping Quality for the OldD. An Afternoon Nap Could Improve the Olds Cognitive Ability【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，午睡能够改善老年人的认知能力。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2,214 Chinese people

44、aged 60 and older and measured their cognitive abilities using several cognitive tests研究人员分析了2214名60岁及以上中国人的午睡习惯，并使用多项认知测试来测量他们的认知能力可知，此次参加者的年龄是60岁及60岁以上的老年人。应选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment,

45、both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities参与者参加了迷你精神状态测试和北京版的蒙特利尔认知评估，这两种测试都是为了测试记忆、语言和其他认知能力可知，参与者参加的是语言能力的测试。应选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“Neubauer recommended taking a shorter power nap of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep, whi

46、ch makes people feel dizzy when they wake upNeubauer建议小睡20分钟以减少过渡到慢波睡眠的可能性，慢波睡眠会让人醒来时感到眩晕可知，慢波睡眠会让人醒来时感觉头晕。应选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。观察文章结构可知，文章采用了总分结构进行说明；主旨句为第一段第一句“Taking an afternoon nap could keep your brain sharp午睡可以让你的大脑保持敏锐；再结合后文的“Adults ages 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of bett

47、er mental mind compared to those who didnt nap60岁及以上的成年人中，午睡的人比不午睡的人表现出更好的精神状态可知，本文主要介绍的是午睡对于提高老年人认知能力的作用。应选D项。【点睛】第二节共5小题：每题2分，总分值10分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Essential Minerals: Healthy or Hazardous?A new theory says that an excess (过量) of two common minerals iron and copper may be

48、 behind some cases of Alzheimers and heart disease. These minerals are essential for good health. _16_ Its clear that most Americans over 50 get a mass of these minerals. In fact, older men consume more than double the recommended dietary allowance of iron._17_ Not yet known, says nutrition researcher Richard Wood, PhD of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst but he and other experts agree that if youre over 50, its worth taking so