高考英语语法总复习——形容词和副词.docx

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1、形容词和副词考点分析1 、形容词和副词的根本用法；2 、形容词和副词的位置；3 、形容词和副词的级别；4 、常见形容词和副词的用法比拟。形容词的根本用法问题1：1 、形容词的词义-Im veryDwith my own cooking. It looks niceand smells delicious.- Mm, it doeshaveasmell.(2022北京 )A. pleasant,pleasedB. pleased,pleasedC. pleasant,pleasantD. pleased,pleasant高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少，复习时需密切关注。该句中pleased表

2、示“感到满意快乐 的；pleasant表示“令人满意快乐的。根据句意不难发现答案为D。问 题2：Their cheerful voice showed that they were having aDdiscussion.(1997上海 )该A句. n中oisycheBer. fsuelrio是us重要的C.提co示m词ple，te意为D“. fr欢ien快dl的y。A问 题3：If it isquiteto you, I will visit you next Tuesday.05天津卷 IAti.sccoonnvveenenieinentntfoBr.sfba.irtodoCst.he.a

3、s该y句型意D.为co：mf“or某tab人le方便适合做某事；一般不说“sb.isconvenienttodosth.其它三个词显然不符合句义。问题4：All the people2 、后置定语问题Aattheparty werehissupporters. (02北京 )A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD. important解析：形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是以下情况要后置：proper(本身),present(在场的，出席的),involved(有关的),concerned(相关的),left(剩下的),objecting(反对的),men

4、tioned(提及的),selected(中选的)等。 如thestudentspresent(出席的学生)f. 以下情况也要后置：a.some, any,no, every构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置如：somethingnew;nothing serious;anythinginterestingb. else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：Nobody else is so silly as you are.c. 不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定语要后置。如：Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year

5、 at college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson?d. 以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置如：alike, alive,alone, asleep, afraid,awake如：稳固练习：1. I cant get a good picture on my TV set. There must be somet hing wiCth it.A. badB.matterC. the matterD. thewrong2. Cto take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot

6、 of useful skills.A. Braveenough studentsB. Enough brave studentsC. StudentsbraveenoughD. Students enoughbrave3. ThereisAto hold thewater.A. nothing big enoughB. nothing enoughbigC. bigenough nothingD. enough bignothing问题 5 ：3、以-ly结尾的形容词CWhat he said sounds. (1993上海 )A. nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD

7、. wonderfully解析：1大局部形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly改错：(错Shesanglovely.对Hersingingwaslovely.错Hespoketomeveryfriendly. 对Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early多个形容词修饰名词的顺序问题1John Smith, a successful businessman, has a04 辽宁Bcar.A large German white B large white Germa

8、n C white large German D German large white多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-出处-材料性质，类别-名词根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小+颜色+出处，应选择B。问题2:ThisAgirl is Lindscousin.(05北京卷 )A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little pretty由“C限. S定pa词nis-h-p数ret词ty l-it-tle描绘词 -(D大. 小litt，le长pr短ett，y S形pa状ni，sh新旧，颜色)-性质-名词的公式

9、可知，描绘词+大 小 +出处的顺序，最符合答案。A问题3：One daytheycrossedthebridge behind thepalace.A. oldChinesestoneB. Chinese oldstoneC. oldstone ChineseD. Chinese stoneold + 用途 + 名词可选择 A常见形容词的比拟1). worth - worthy - worthwhile2) alike - like -likely3) dead - deadly -deathly4) historic -historical5) live - lively - alive -

10、living6) possible - probable-likely7) valueless-priceless8) respectable ( 可敬的、高尚的 ) - respectful ( 表示敬意的 )A respectable man is respectful to others.9) healthy ( 健康的 ) - healthful ( 有益于健康的 ) The air at seaside is healthful to us. So all of us are healthy.稳固练习：1. The World Cup in France was the bigges

11、t ch in theworld.Bfootball matA. aliveB.liveC.livelyD. livinguatDion.B. likelyB.sameC.alikeD. similar2. ItsAto rain butnotbeforeevening.A. possible probableB. probable possibleC. possibly probablyD. probably possibly副词的根本用法问题1：A, some famous scientists have thequalitiesof being both careful and care

12、less.04上海春季A. StrangelyenoughB. Enough strangelyC.Strange enoughD. Enoughstrange副词enough要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。问题2：CanyoubelievethatinBa rich countrythereshouldbemanypoorpeople?(1995 N)A.such,suchB.such,soC.so,soD. so, suchA:根本句型：such + (a) +adj.+ n.;so + adj. + a + n.B: such后可加各种名词，而；so 后面只

13、能加单数名词C:so可加many, much, few,little等，而such不能。问题3：Wedont careifahunting dog smells, but we really dont want himtosmellC. (1995上海 )A. well,wellB.bad,badC. well, badly D. badly,badsmell有双重词性，作“闻起来解是系动词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smellsbad表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放A入两个空格。问题4：Allen had to call a taxi because t

14、he box wasto carry all theway home.03全国卷A much too heavyB too much heavy C heavy toomuchD too heavy much much too是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词； 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。too much问题5：John is very lazy. He falls studies. (05( 广东卷 )Bbehind in hisA. veryB.farC.moreD. still副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“面。far behind 表示“远远地掉在后

15、问题6： Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You cannever beBcareful with that .(05 江西卷 )AenoughBtooCsoDvery“can never be too 是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越 就越好常用副词的比拟问题1：It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so shestoodAto her mother.( 2022北京 )A.closeB.closelyC.closedD. closingclose to离近，此处cl

16、ose是副词；切地，与题意无关。closely表示“密问题2：We decided not to climb the mountains because it wasDraining. (1996N)表A示. ba“d雨ly下得B大. ha可rd用lyrainCh.arsdtr;ornaginlyheavilyD. h等ea，vil不y用 ba dly或 strongly。表示“刮大风可用是否认词，与句意无关。strong wind 。 hardly注意下面兼有两种形式的副词1) close与 closelyclose意思是“近；closely意思是“仔细地He is sitting clos

17、e to me.Watch him closely.2) late与 latelylate意思是“晚；lately意思是“最近What have you been doing lately?3) deep与 deeplydeep 意思是“深，表示时间和空间深度； deeply时常表示感情上的深度， 深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by thefilm.4) high与 highlyhigh 表示空间高度； hig

18、hly 表示程度，相当于 m uchThe plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5) wide与 widelywide 表示空间宽度； widely 意思是“广泛地，“在许多地方He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6) free与 freely free的意思是免费；freely的意思是无限制地另外注意以下各组副词的用法区别1) just - justnow2) rather -fairly3) yet - still -already4)

19、hard - hardly - rarely -scarcely5) such a + adj. + n. - so + adj. + a +n.6) most - mostly -almost7) especially -specially8) every day -everyday稳固练习：1. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, dont speak the language.Dif youA. ExtremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially2. WouldyoubeBdo me afa

20、vor?A. kindenoughB. so kind astoC. sokind toD. kind asto3. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmenfrom abroad to haveatourBthe next month.4. It isDthat his English isperfect.A. sure veryB. right ratherC. exact fairlyD. certain quite形容词和副词的级别1 、as as 结构问题1：Johnis the tallest boyin t

21、heclass,Btoaccordinghimself.05安徽卷(B)A. five foot eight as tallasB. as tall as five foot eightaCs. tasllfaivse“f高oo达t eight,taflilveasfootDei.gahstt=alflifvievefefeotoetiegihgthitnacshes问题2C：What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It isit is long.05湖北卷A half not as wideasB wide not as half

22、as aCswidneotasha是lf a比s较wi，de所as以倍D数词a应sw放id在ea前s面no。t half说明：1 在否认句或疑问句中可用 so as。He cannot run so/as fast asyou.2 当as as中间有名词时采用以下格式。as + 形容词 + a + 单数名词as + many/much + 名词This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.3 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在 as的前面。This room is twi

23、ce as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ the+n +of倍数+as + adj.+asYour room is twice the size ofmine.5) 数量词 + senior/ junior + toHe is seven years senior to his wife.I am three years junior to my elder sister. 、morethan结构问题1： Is yourheadachegettingA? No,itsworse.05全国卷 3Abetter

24、BbadClessD well问题2：Mr. Smith ownsBcollection of coinsthananyone else I haveever met.05ft东卷A. largerB.a largerC.thelargerD. alarge问题3：The number of people present at the concert wasAthan expected. There were many ticketsleft.04 福建A much smallerB much more C much largerD many more问题4：Thedictionary gav

25、emea better offerthanC. (1999上海)A. thatof DicksB.DicksC. hegave DickD. those of Dick问题5：Youre standing too near the camera. Can you moveB?(2000上海 )A. abitfarB. a littlefartherC. a bitoffartherD. a little far问题6：Inthatcase,thereisnothing you candoBwait.(2022北京春季)A. moreB.otherC.betterD. anythan1 要防止重

26、复使用比拟级。( 错 ) He is more cleverer than his brother.( 对 ) He is cleverer than his brother.2 要防止将主语含在比拟对象中。( 错 ) China is larger that any country in Asia.( 对 ) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3 要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原那么。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to m

27、ake a plan than to carry it out.4 程度词abit,a little, rather, much,far, byfar,many,a lot, lots, a great deal, any,still,even等词可修饰比拟级。除外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以 上词(除by far)外，必须置于比拟级形容词或副词的前、ofthe two结构问题1：Ofthe two shirts,Id like to choose Aone. (94上海)A. thelessexpensiveB. the mostexpensiveC.lessexpensiv

28、eD. most expensive问题2：IfthemanDager had to choose between thetwo, hewould sayJohnwaschoice.(95上海)A说.明go：od在 oBf.ththeetwbeost结构C中. b，et比ter较级前D要. t加hebthetete，r但如果不在 of the two结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。比拟：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She

29、 is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.4 、the +最高级+比拟范围 问题1：David has won the first prize in singing; he is stillvery excited nowandfeelsD(05 江苏卷 )desire to go to bed.A. themostB.moreC.worseD. theleast问题2：Greenland,Disland in the world,coversover two million squarekilo

30、meters.(2000上海 )A. it isthelargestB. that is thelargestC. isthelargestD. the largest1) 形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race.形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常。It is a most important problem.= It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比拟范围内。(错)Tom is the

31、tallest of his threebrothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the threebrothers. 2) 以下词可修饰最高级， by far, far, much, mostly, almost This hat is nearly / almost thebiggest.注意：a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与 much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换：Mike

32、is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.4) “否认词语+比拟级，“否认词语+soas结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this. = Nothing is easier than this.= This is the easiest thing.5 、和 more有关的词组1) the morethemore越就越The harder you work ，the greater progress youll make.2) more Bthan A与其说 A不如说 Bless A than BHe is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no morethan与一样 ( 不 ) ，不比多The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no lessthan与一样He is no less diligent than you.4) morethan不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.