定语从句考点透视.ppt
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1、定语从句定语从句一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词,引导定语从句修饰限定的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种,即限制性定词。定语从句可分为两种,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。语从句和非限制性定语从句。基本概念基本概念先行词是物先行词是物先行词是人先行词是人 定语定语地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语 主主宾宾 主主 宾宾关关系系代代词词which thatwhowhomwhose关关系系副副词词wherewhenwhy 原因状语原因状语关系词关系词关系代词关
2、系代词关系副词关系副词thatwhichwhomwhoseaswhenwhywhowhere 正确使用关系正确使用关系 词词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语指指代代人或物人或物功功能能指指代代时间时间地点地点原因原因功功能能选择依据:选择依据: 1) 弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分,是主语、弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分,是主语、 宾语、定语还是状语宾语、定语还是状语2) 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、 地点、原因地点、原因3) 判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的(只有只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句不能引
3、导非限制性从句)(主句主句)The girl is Mary.1.The girl is reading a book.2.Everyone likes the girl .The girl is Mary.who is reading a bookwhom everyone likes 3.The girls hair is gold.whose hair is goldthatwhothat( ) (主句主句)The book is on the desk.1.The book belongs to Mary.2.Mary likes the book most.3.The books c
4、over is blue.The book is on the desk.which belongs to Marywhich Mary likes mostwhose cover is bluethatthat( )关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换,但哪些情况只能用that?考点一1.All that can be done has been done.2.There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.3.This is the first letter that Ive written in English.4.This is t
5、he most exciting trip that I have ever experienced.5.They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visited.1)当先行词是不定代词时,如:当先行词是不定代词时,如:all, few, everything, anything, nothing, much, little,none等。等。2)先行词前先行词前有有no, all, few, little, the only, one of, every, very等词修饰时。等词修饰时。3)先行词是序数词或被
6、序数词先行词是序数词或被序数词first, last, next等修饰时。等修饰时。4)先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时。高级修饰时。5)当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物时。 只用只用that不用不用which的情况:的情况: A)that B) which C)who D)whom E)省略省略多项选择多项选择1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _
7、is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.A AAEAAE有哪些情况关系代词不用有哪些情况关系代词不用thatthat,而用,而用whichwhich,whowho,whomwhom? ?考点二考点二1、在非限制性定语从句中,指事物用、在非限制性定语从句中,指事物用which,指人用指人用who或
8、或whom.He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan .Mr. Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago, will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for a long time.whichwhichwhowhomFill in the blanks1.Her ba
9、g, in _she put all her money, has been stolen.2.This is the ring on _she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang, with _I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.2、在介词后面,指事物用、在介词后面,指事物用 which,指人用,指人用whom.whichwhichwhom在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?考点三考点三1. The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seem
10、ed important to him.2. He is the man _ whom I think you can depend .3. He referred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.方法方法1.1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配foronwithFill in the blanks方法方法2.2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配配1.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he coul
11、d see what was going on outside the house.2.The librarian _whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.through with方法方法3 3、根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配行词搭配1.The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.2.This is our classroom ,_(在(在前面)前面) which there is a teachers desk.atin
12、 the front of关系副词关系副词When=on(in, during)whichwhere=on(in, in front of)whichWhy=for which关系副词关系副词 与与 介词介词+关系代词的替代关系代词的替代名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少?考点四考点四1.The committee consists of 20 members and 5 of them are women.2.The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s.3.I have a sent
13、ence, and the meaning of it I dont understand.The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women.The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.I have a sentence, the meaning of which I dont understand.Rewrite the following sentences 名词名词/ /代词代词/ /数词数词+ + of 表示物用表示物用 which表示人
14、用表示人用 whomConclusion如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which, that引导的定语从句?考点五考点五1.1. 先行词是表示先行词是表示地点地点, ,时间时间, ,原因原因的名词或含的名词或含有有地点地点, ,时间时间, ,原因意义的抽象名词,原因意义的抽象名词,用来引导用来引导定语从句定语从句. .when ,where, why在从句中作在从句中作状状语语相当于相应的相当于相应的介词介词+which2.2. 若定语从句缺若定语从句缺主语主语或或宾语宾语,用,用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。ConclusionThe library _
15、 you visited yesterday was built in 1990.This is the town _I spent my childhood.where/in which(which/that)Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.when/on which (which/that)This is the reason _ I didnt come here.why / for which The reason _ she
16、 gave was not true.(which/that)如何用好whose 引导的定语从句?考点六考点六whose表示所属关系表示所属关系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whoseThere are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose as 和 which 的区别
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