定语从句翻译练习.doc

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1、定语从句翻译练习 2011.3.10 This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday.(who / that在从句中作主语) 这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。 The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在从句中作宾语) 上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。 I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. (whose在从句中作定语) 我认识的那个妇女，她的丈夫是个医生。Guilin is a city wh

2、ich / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在从句子中作主语)桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在从句中作宾语)妈妈做的月饼很好吃。The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow

3、.3年级的学生明天去爬山。Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。 This is the book (which) you are looking for.这是那本你正在找的书。 There are some films (that) Id like to see. The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。 The man (whom) I bo

4、rrowed the book from is Li Lei. The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.我借书的那个人是李雷。The house (which) he lives in is quite large. The house in which he lives is quite large.他住的房子很大。I have done all that he told us to do. 我已完成了他让我做的一切。 He worked out the most difficult problem that I had seen. 他

5、解答出我所见过最难的题目I need the same dictionary that you have.我需要同你一样的字典。He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。Who is the man that you spoke to just now?你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁？ I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me. 我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。The dictio

6、nary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾的病人是她父亲18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买

7、的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This nov

8、el, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词wh

9、y不能引导非限制性定语从句。 定语从句目录18.5 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如： This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ Do

10、 you remember the day when you joined our club? 定语从句目录18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。典型例题1）A

11、lice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而wha

12、t不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中

13、的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。as 的用法例1. the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。例如： I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。