人教版高中英语-选修9学案.docx

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1、选修9学案人教版高中英语选修9学案Unit 1 Breaking records1. lunge (n & v) 跃进；前冲(1) He d at me with a knife. (2) He made a at me. 2. approximate (adj) 近似的；大概的(v) 近似；接近；近于(1) The cost will $ 5,000,000. (2) Your story only s to the real facts. approximately (adv) 近似地；大约地 approximation (n) 接近3. laughter u laugh c(1) He

2、laughs best, who laughs last. 4. reality (n) in 实际上；事实上 in fact / as a matter of fact / in truth5. adjustment (n) 调整，调节(1) We made a few minor s to the plan. 6. tough (adj) 强硬的；困难的；粗暴的；不幸的；顽强的 (adv) 顽强地 be with sb 对某人强硬 be tough on sb 对某人严厉 as tough as old boots 非常硬；非常坚强 toughen (v) 变强硬；变困难 (1) The

3、government has threatened to get with people who try to avoid paying taxes. (2) The laws are on offenders. 7. vomit u 呕吐物 (v) 呕吐 (1) He was ing blood. (2) The volcano ed out great black clouds of smoke. bring up -(BrE) to vomit (ones food) (3) He brought up his dinner. 8. unfit (adj) 不适宜的；不太健康的；不能胜任

4、的(1) She was and couldnt play in the big match. (2) She is for motherhood. (3) He is to hold public office. 9. fascinate (v) 使着迷；入迷(1) I was d to see how skillfully the old craftsman worked. (2) The students were d with / by his ideas. 10. spiritual (adj) 精神上的spirit (n) 精神；心灵spirits 烈性酒；情绪 in high /

5、 low spirits 情绪高涨/ 低落11. urge (n) 强烈的欲望；冲动(v) 敦促；力劝 against 极力反对 sb into doing sth / sb to do sth敦促某人做某事 that sb (should) do sth sth on / upon sb (1)I had /felt a sudden to tell the boss what I thought of him. (2) They d us to give our support. (3) They d on us the need for cooperation. (4) He d tha

6、t they go to Europe. urgency u 催促；紧迫 a matter of great 极迫切的问题 urgent (adj) 催促的；紧急的 a very message 非常紧急的问题12. accomplish (vt) 完成；实现(1) Shes ed a great deal in the last few weeks. accomplished (adj) 有才艺的 accomplishment (n) u 成就；完成 c 才能，才艺13. devotion u 热心；专心；热爱devote (v) devote oneself to sth / be dev

7、oted to献身于，致力于14. sacred (adj) 宗教的；神圣的 music / history 宗教音乐 / 教会史，宗教史scared (adj) 害怕的15. deed (n) 行为，功绩do good d 做好事(1) Deeds are better than words. 行动胜与言语。16. repentance u 后悔repent (v) 懊悔，后悔 repentant (adj) 后悔的17. wisdom u 智慧；学问(1) Wisdom in head is better than money in the hand. (2) Wisdom is more

8、 to be envied than riches. (3) Wisdom is to the mind what health is to the body. wise (adj)18. doom (vt) 注定；判决(1) The plan was ed (to failure) from the start. (2) They were ed to die. 19. bid bid bid (v & n) 出价；投标(1) He bid $ 10 for an old book at the auction. (2) He made a for freedom by climbing o

9、ver the wall. 他企图翻越这堵高墙以获得自由。20. juggle (v) 耍把戏jungle (n) 密林；丛林21. economics u 经济学 (physics / politics / electronics )economy (n) 经济(情况)；节约economic (adj) 经济(上)的；经济学的economical (adj) 节俭的22. scarf (n) (pl: scarves / scarfs )23. receptionist (n) 接待员reception (n) 接待，欢迎；招待会；接待处a wedding reception 婚宴 rece

10、ption desk 接待处 reception room 客厅，会客室24. underwear u 内衣裤 = underclothes / underclothing under(inner; beneath others) 内therefore, so与thus区别二者都是副词：因此，所以，如此这样的意思therefore and thus用法基本相同，但用时侧重点不一样。therefore1.结果，2.用于对某事物进行推论thus1.强调用什么方式2.达到某种程度或范围；这么3.同Therefore; consequently用法相同therefore表结果,比so显得更正式一些，在

11、句中常与and连用；如：He worked day and night, and therefore he was able to buy a new sports car.Examples1. He was very tired, and therefore he didnt give the market report. 他非常疲倦，所以没能作市场报告。2. It was snowing, and so I could not go out. 天在下雪，所以我无法外出。3. It was already rather late, thus we decide to urge the cus

12、tomer. 已经相当晚了，所以我们决定催促客户。词组句型用法详解1in reality 实际上；现实The couple often quarrel, but in reality they love each other so much. 那夫妻虽常吵架，但实际上他们互相挺相爱的。John looks so old, but in reality he is very young. 约翰看起来很老，但实际上他挺年轻的。2every time 在这是名词词组作连词用，后接从句。Every time he attends her lecture, he is attracted by her

13、vivid words.每次他参加她的讲座，被她生动的语言吸引。注：类似用法的还有：the moment, the minute, the first time。又如：The moment the professor arrived, all were quiet. 教授一到，所有人都静了下来。课文长句难句剖析1Recently, Ashrita achieved his dream of breaking a record in all seven continents, including hula hoping in Australia, pogo stick jumping under

14、 water in South America, and performing deep knee bends in a hot air balloon in North America.剖析：achieve作谓语，解作“取得成功”；break a record打破纪录；in all总共；including包括，是介词。译文：最近，阿西里塔完成了他的梦想：在所有七大洲中都破一项纪录，其中包括在澳洲玩呼拉圈，在南美洲的水下做弹簧单高跷游戏，在北美洲的热气球中做膝部深弯曲运动。2While these activities might seem childish and cause laughte

15、r rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.剖析：while在这解作“虽然、尽管”，是连词，引导后面状语从句；seem是系动词，后接的childish是形容词，作表语；rather than解作“而不是”；as well as解作“除以外、与一样”。译文：虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，这些活动却需要强大的力量、健康的体格和坚定的决心。Unit 2 Sailing the oce

16、ansU2考点归纳1. Then she persuaded me to buy one. (P18)考点 persuade的用法和近义表达归纳persuade sb. to do sth. 劝服某人做某事persuade sb. into (doing) sth. 劝服某人做某事 如:Dont let yourself be persuaded into buying things you dont want.近义表达 advise sb. to do sth.劝某人做某事，可以与 try to persuade sb. to do sth.互用; convince sb. to do st

17、h.常可替代persuade sb. to do sth.2. .she insisted that we find the source of the river. (P18)考点 insist的用法及与其用法相似的词归纳insist that + S + (should) do sth.坚持或坚决要求（宾语从句中用虚拟语气，should可以省略。）insist that + S + do sth.坚持认为或说（宾语从句中的时态与主句保持一致，且事情一般都已经发生。）如：He insisted that the window was broken by the boys who were p

18、laying football in the street.insist on doing sth. 坚决主张做某事相似词 suggest that + S + (should) do sth.建议/提议做某事 (宾语从句中用虚拟语气，should可以省略。）suggest that + S + do sth. 表明或暗示(宾语从句中的时态可根据所描述的事情而定。如：可以用一般过去时或一般现在时等。)如：The expression on her face suggested that she was satisfied with what we did.suggest doing sth.提

19、议做某事3. Finally, I had to give in. (P18)考点 give构成的短语归纳give away 赠送；分发give back 归还give in to sb. / sth. 屈从；认输give off 发出(气味、光和热等)give out 耗尽，用完；发出(声音、气味等)give up (doing sth.) 放弃；中止注意 give off与give out 在作“发出（气味等）”讲时，区别不大。4. Many people put their thoughts into a diary but others write about their travel

20、s in what is called a travel journal. (P23)考点 what is called a travel journal归纳what引导的从句相当于“名词 + that从句”。 此句中的in what is called a travel journal = in the diary that is called a travel journal。类似的句子：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津 2004)我们也可以把它变成.in the place t

21、hat was a wasteland ten years ago。5. Its topics can be different from. and events less familiar to the readers. (P23)考点 familiar to与familiar with归纳它们都意为“熟悉”，但是它们的主语不同。物作主语时，要用be familiar to sb.；人作主语时，则要用be familiar with sth.6. . you must leave it right away. (P25)考点与right away相关的表达归纳 right away立即；马上

22、。相关的表达：at once, immediately, in no time, right now等。7. .the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (P26)考点 rise ( rose; risen )归纳rise是不及物动词，不接宾语，没有被动语态，表示从低处向高处上升，注意与raise的区别。raise是及物动词，要接宾语，表示“举起；提起；提升”。如:The water rose fast because of the heavy rain. He raised a hand in greeting.

23、 8. It seemed that the world was at an end. (P26)考点 end构成的短语归纳at an end 结束；中止 at the end (of) 在末；在尽头by the end (of) 到末为止in the end 最终；最后come to an end 结束；终止 如：At last it seemed the war might be coming to an end.9. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. (P26)考点 destroy的用法及其近义词归纳destr

24、oy, damage, ruin 三个词都有“破坏；毁坏”的意思。请看下面的例句，体会它们的用法。如：The building was completely destroyed by fire.His car hit a tree by the roadside and was damaged. So he had to have it repaired.My new shoes get ruined in the mud.总结从上面的例句可以看出它们表达不同的意思。具体区别是：destroy指彻底毁坏以至于不复存在；damage指损坏以至失去吸引力、价值和用途；外表损坏，但可以修复；ruin

25、指彻底毁坏，不能再用，毫无价值可言。10 Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster. (P29)考点 honour的用法归纳honour v. & n.honour sb.在此意为“纪念某人”,也可以说 in honour of sb.，但in honour of sb.是一个介词短语不能作谓语。honour还可以用于以下句型：It is an honour to do sth.很荣幸能干某事 如：It was a great honour to be i

26、nvited here today.do sb. an honour / do sb. the honour (of doing sth.) 赏光（干某事） 如：Will you do me the honour of becoming my wife?have the honour (of) 有幸；荣幸地 如：May I have the honour of the next dance?Earlier this year, I had the honour of meeting the President.词组句型用法全解1at the mercy of sb./ sth. 受支配Thes

27、e workers are at the mercy of the boss. 这些工人在老板的控制下。2set loose 出发；开始They set loose in a traveling boat. 他们在游船上出发了。3. 主语 + be + 引导词 + 表语从句表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语-表语从句引导表语从句的词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how。如:注意：A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序

28、。The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.It looked as if he had understood this question.C 在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.The question is why h

29、e cried yesterday.D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。课文长句难句剖析1The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go. 剖析：pointer 是先行词，which 是引导词，在从句中作主语，引导后面定语从句always indicates the North Pole；so引导后面的是结果状语从句；it作形式主语，真正的主语是t

30、o help find the direction；the direction 作为先行词，that是引导词，引导定语从句the ship needs to go。译文：指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。2Our outward voyage in the “Bounty” to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returned home.剖析：in the “Bounty” to Tahiti 是介

31、词短语作定语，修饰voyage；be filled with解作：充满”；incidents是先行词，that引导后面定语从句，在从句中作主语；I thought作为插入语； when引导后面是时间状语从句。译文：我们乘坐“邦蒂号”出发到塔希提岛这段航程中充满了各种事件。我以为回国后可以讲这些故事。Unit2 语法Predicate (谓语)谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。谓语大体上可以分为两类：简单谓语和复合谓语。简单谓语 凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。The plane takes off at 8 b

32、ut this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog飞机八点起飞，但今天早晨可能会被大雾耽搁。 I have tried this way three times and failed three times我用这种方法试了三次，失败了三次。复合谓语 复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不定式的复合谓语(由情态动词或某些动词加不定式结构)；一是带表语的复合谓语(由系动词或少数其他动词加表语构成)。 I would like to invite all my friends to the get-together我想邀请我所有的朋友去参加聚会。 Our

33、 school becomes more beautiful and more contacted with the outside world我们的学校变得更加漂亮，与外界的联系也更广泛了。 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 Mr Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS布莱克先生是著名艾滋病科学家。 These

34、books are intended for children under nine years old这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。 Three months has passed since you left(three months表示单数概念。)你已离开三个月了。 The old are very well taken care of in our city(the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，指复数概念。)老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。邻近一致原则 邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词

35、的主语部分而定。 Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。 Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。考点分析：At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our pic

36、nic lunch Asitting Bhaving sat Cto sit Dsat 答案：D。本题考查并列谓语的选择。found与sat down应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用， Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline Awork Bworking Cis working Dare working 答案：C。本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语+along with/ with/ togethe

37、r with + n. / pron” 结构作主语时其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。 因Professor Smith作主语，故应用单数谓语动词is working。Unit 3 AustraliaNew words 1. associate 使联系；结交；合伙人；同事associatewith 把。和。联系起来associate with与。交往associated (adj)有关联的，有联系的association (n)联合；交往2. adequate 适当的；足够的be adequate for/to适合；能满足于be adequate to do 足够做某事adequacy (n

38、)适合；足够【相关链接】adequate和 enough的辨析adequate 通常指数量上和质量上满足要求enough偏重数量的足够The prisoners received adequate food.犯人们领取相当好的食物。（质好或量足）The prisoners received enough food.犯人们领取足够吃的食物。（指量）3.defence 防卫；辩护in defence of 保卫；保护；为。辩护out of defence for 处于为。辩护defence against 对。的防御come/rush/leap/spring to sbs defence挺身为某人

39、辩白defenceless (adj )无防御的defend (vt)防卫；保护4.tax (n) 税，税款，负担，压力 (vt) 对。征税pay/impose/introduce/levy/put a tax on 对。征税pay money in tax付税金taxable (adj)可征税的5.celebration (c/u)庆祝，庆典hold a celebration 举行庆祝会in celebration of 庆祝celebrate(vt) sth庆祝某事【相关链接】congratulate (vt) sb on sth祝贺某人某事congratulations (pl.) t

40、o sb on (doing)sth286.tolerate 忍受，容忍tolerate /bear/stand doing sth容许做某事tolerance /toleration(n)忍受；容忍；宽容tolerant (adj)忍受的；容忍的tolerable (adj)可忍受的，可宽容的7.migrant(c)移居者，移民，候鸟migration(c/u)移居migrate(vt)移居8.out of respect处于尊敬out of respect for出于对。的尊敬as respects关于；至于in respect to /of关于，就。而言with respect恕我直言

41、with respect to至于，关于in all/other/some respects在各其他某些方面in every respect 在各方面in no respect完全不9.reservation预订；保留make reservations for预订cancel the reservations取消预订without reservation 无保留地；无条件地with some reservations 有所保留地reserve (vt)/(n)预订；保留reserved (adj)预订的；保留的10.sow 播种；传播sow the seeds of 播下。的种子sow sth

42、 with sth在某地播种某物reap as one has sown自食其果sower (n)播种者；播种机；传播者11.bachelor 单身汉；学士【相关链接】Bachelor of Arts/Science文（理）学士a bachelors degree学士学位master硕士doctor博士12.correspond通信；符合correspond with sb与某人通信correspond to /with sth于某事物相一致符合correspondence/correspondency (n)符合；一致correspondent (n)类似物corresponding (ad

43、j)符合的，一致的；通讯的13.owe感激；欠owe sb sth/owe sth to sb欠某人某物把某事归功于某人owe sb for sth欠某人某物因某事而感激某人owe it to oneself to do sth认为自己应该有必要做某事owing (adj)欠着的14.desperate不顾一切的；绝望的；极度渴望的be desperate at 因。而绝望be desperate for sth/to do sth极度渴望做某事desperately (adv)绝望地desperateness/desperation (n)绝望15.shrink收缩，缩短shrink bac

44、k 退缩，畏缩shrink from回避shrink into oneself缩作一团；变得沉默寡言shrink up（因害羞）畏畏缩缩shrinkable (adj)会收缩的shrinkage (n)收缩，缩水16.talkinto说服。做talk/persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事talk /persuade sb out of (doing ) sth说服某人放弃做某事17.wind绕；缠；弯曲wind down完全松开，放松一下wind off 解开，松开wind up 卷紧，上紧。的发条18.recover 痊愈；复原recover from经历。以后

45、恢复原状recover oneself 恢复正常状态recovery(n)复原；恢复19.unconscious未发觉得；无意识的be unconscious of 未察觉到；未意识到unconsciously (adv)无意地；不知不觉地unconsciousness (n)昏迷Reading 11. common (adj) 共同的，普遍的，常见的【相关链接】 common knowledge/sense 常识 common people 老百姓have sth in common with sb 与某人有共同之处have nothing in common with sb与某人没有共同之处反义词：uncommon (adj) 2. include (vt) 包括，包含【相关链接】n/pron. +includedincluding + n/pronincluded (adj) : eg. Everyone laughed , me included.(每个人都笑了，包括我)including (prep.) :eg. Everyone laughed, including me.3. sb be famous for 某人因某种知识技能而出名 sb be famous as 某人以某种职业身份而出