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1、新概念英语第二册语法总结沪江英语新概念英语第二册语法总结沪江英语如今一般时:1构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。1直接加“s,works,takes2以辅音加“y结尾,变“y为“i,再加“es3以“o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词加“esgoesdresseswatches2功能:1表如今的事实、状态或动作:eg?.Birdsfly.?.Shelovesmusic.?.Marysparentsgetupveryearly.2表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,frequently等时间副词连用。eg?.Ialways
2、takeawalkaftersupper.?.Shewritestomeveryoften.?.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.3表客观真理,格言警句或事实:eg?.Theearthmovesroundthesun.?.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.?.Twoandtwomakesfour.?.Nomanbut.人非圣贤,熟能无过。4表将来:A在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,ause,if,evenif,incase,till,unt
3、il,unless,solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般如今时表将来发生的动作。黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!eg?.Illtellherwhenshecomestomorrow.?.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,Illmeetyou.?.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.不错的句型,背下!?.Illberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.很感人的句型!B按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般如今时表达将来时概念。eg?.Theplay
4、beginsat6:30thisevening.?.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.?.Accordingtothe,thetraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.根据时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。如今进行时:1构成:is/am/are+如今分词2功能:1表示如今正在进行的动作。?.Theisboiling.ShallImaketea?.Dontyouthinkyoueattoomuch?Youreputtingonweight.?.Theworkersarebuildi
5、nganewbridgeacrosstheriver.2表现阶段正进行的动作。?.Heistakingphysicsthis.?.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开场的动作。?.Look!Thebusiscoming.看!车来了!?.Theoldmanisill,andheisdying.?.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4与always,forever,
6、continually,constantly等副词连用,表示讲话人带有感情色彩:赞扬或厌恶。?.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.他总是想着别人。?.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。?.Theteacherisconstantly(always)herforbeinglate.教师一直在批评她迟到。5下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。此条戒律请背10遍!believe相信,doubt怀疑,see看见,hear听见,know知道,understand理解,belong属于,think以为,consi
7、der以为,feel觉得,look看起来,seem看上去,show显示,mind介意,have有,sound听起来,taste尝起来,require要求,possess拥有,care关心,like喜欢,hate讨厌,love喜欢,detest憎恶,desire意欲【简单记忆】永远不要讲Imbelieving.或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点讲,这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.可怕的是:我们在及中常犯此类大错!注意:haveaparty/thinkabout能够用进行时,由于这里have意为“举行;think意为“考虑。如今完成时:1构成:have/has+过去分词2功能:1表示过
8、去所发生的动作对如今的影响或产生的结果。常与yet,just,before,lately近期,ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。?.Hehasntseenherlately.?.Ihaventfinishedthebookyet.2表示一个从过去某个时间开场,延续到如今并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:sofar迄今为止,uptillnow直到如今,since,foralongtime很长时间,uptopresent直到如今,inthepast/inthelastfewyears在过去的几年里,thesedays目前?.Hehasworkedherefor15
9、years.?.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.?.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.?.Sofar,Ihaventreceivedaletterfrommybrother.3某些非延续性动词即:动作开场便终止的动词,在如今完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。黄金要点:I常见的非延续动词:die,arrive到达,join参加,leave离开,go,refuse拒绝,fail失败,finish,buy,marry,divorce离婚,awake醒,buy,borrow,lend.背三遍!II这类动词并非
10、不能用如今完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。III但若是用在否认句中,非延续动词的如今完成时能够与表示一段时间的状语连用。?.Shehasgoneawayforamonth.误?.Shehasbeenawayforamonth正?.Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.误?.Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.正?.Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?误?.Howlonghaveyougotthebook.正4注意since的用法:?.Theyhaventhadanytroublesincetheycamehere.?.Ithas
11、beentenyearssincewemetlasttime.?.Hehasbeenheresince1980.?.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.如今完成进行时:1构成:have/has+been+如今分词1表示从过去某时开场发生,一直延续到如今且可能延续下去的动作。最好将此定义读5遍?.Ivebeenwaitingforanhourbutshehasntcome.?.Hehasbeenherfor8years.2表某种感情色彩。?.Ivebeenwantingtoseeyouforsomanyyears.?.Whosbeentellingyousuch.如今完成
12、时与如今完成进行时的比照:如今完成时强调“结果,而完成进行时强调“动作的延续。?.Ihavethoughtofit.我已想到了这一点。?.Ihavebeenthinkingofit.我一直在想这一点。?.Jimhaspaintedthedoor.杰姆已将门油漆过了。?.Jimhasbeenpaintingthedoor.杰姆一直在油漆门。功能:1表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。?.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.?.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.?.Chinawasfoundedin1949.2在
13、表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。?.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.?.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.?.Myfriendtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.一般过去时,如今时和过去时的几组差异:别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。?.Herbrotherwasa.已逝世?.Herbrotherisachemist.尚健在?.ThatsallIhadtosay.话已讲完?.ThatsallIhavetosay.言之未尽?.Itwa
14、ssonicetoseeyou.离别时用?.Itissonicetoseeyou.见面时用?.Janedidalotofworkthismorning.已是当天下午或晚上?.Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.还是上午本句如今完成时,此乃后话!过去进行时:1构成:were/was+如今分词2功能:1表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。?.Iwasplayingat8yesterdayevening.?.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.?.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.2用于条件状语从
15、句中表示过去将来进行的动作。?.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.?.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.过去完成时:1构成:had+过去分词2功能:1表示过去某个动作或某个详细时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去。?.TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.?.TheplayhadbegunbeforeIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend.2过去完成时常用于hardly/.when,nosooner.than等固
16、定句型构造中。此乃超级重点句型,意为:“一就?.Shehadhardly/scarcelygonetobedwhenthebellrang.?.Nosoonerhadhearrivedattherailwaystationthanhemetherparents.注意nosooner在句首时句型倒装。3intend打算,mean意味,hope希望,want想要,plan计划等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。?.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.原想昨天去看你?
17、.Theyhadplanedtoholdafootballmatchlastweek,buttheyhadtoitausethebadweather.原计划上周举行一场足球赛过去完成进行时:1构成:hadbeen+如今分词2功能:表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。?.ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.比拟:?.Thegirlhadcleaneduptheroom,soitwastidy.?.Thegirlhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.将来一般时:1构成:shall/wi
18、ll+动词原形2功能:1表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。?.Hewillfromthecollegenextyear.?.Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.2将来时的其它构造:务必背下!I.begoingtodosomething.打算做某事。美国中常读作begonna?.Imgoingtobuyanewcoatthisfall.begoingto与will的比照:下列情况须用will?.Illbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.?.Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow.?.Whenhecomes,Iwil
19、lgivehimyourmessage.II.be+todosth.表示计划安排做某事或用来征求意见。?.AmItotakeoverhiswork?.Wearetomeetatthegate.III.beabouttodosth.即将做某事。?.Thetalkisabouttobegin.重点补充:beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事setouttodosth.着手做某事setaboutdoingsth.开场做某事将来进行时:1构成:shall/willbe+如今分词2功能:表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作:?.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?比拟:?.Tomwontcutthegrassauseheisafraidofbeingtired.讲明意图?.Tomwontbecuttingthegrass.无意图、仅陈述事实用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌。?.Willyoubehavingsupperwithusthisevening?将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的揣测。
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