语法填空技巧.ppt

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1、广东高考英语语法填广东高考英语语法填空题专题讲座空题专题讲座 Rational Cloze语语法法填填空空无提示词无提示词虚词虚词有提示词有提示词冠词冠词 1代词代词 1-2介词介词 1-2连词（连词（+各类从句引导词）各类从句引导词）1-2名词名词形容词形容词 / 副词副词动词动词谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词VingVedto do每空只填一个词每空只填一个词词形的相互转化词形的相互转化时态时态 语态语态 主谓一致主谓一致语语法法填填空空比较等级比较等级反义词反义词解题思路：解题思路：一、无提示词试题一、无提示词试题(一般填虚词一般填虚词)1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多填、

2、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多填代词）代词）Every year, _ smoke millions of packets of cigarettes, ( they)she was very pleased with _ (herself)2. 名词前是空格，该名词前没有限定词，很可能名词前是空格，该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词或是填冠词或some,any,other(s),another,his,their等限定词。等限定词。Gandhi, _ Indian national hero, was honored as the father of the ( an)Children

3、 love to see _ pictures around the classroom for people to see.(their)_ factors is the smokers.( another)3、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不做、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不做主语、表语，宾语时，很可能是填介词。主语、表语，宾语时，很可能是填介词。She found some good quality pipes _ sale. ( on)I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her

4、. ( for)4。若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可。若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。能是填连词。 Mrs Wilson felt tired _ happy.( but)Smoking not only does harm to their health _ to others.( but)5、若两句没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定、若两句没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词。是填连接词。He came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.( that)He was v

5、ery tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy( but)6、若结构完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，、若结构完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文主谓不一致或时态不一致特别是与上下文主谓不一致或时态不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（装的助动词（do, did, does)He _ tell him the truth.(did)He _ have told him the truth.Not only _ he like English, but lik

6、es.7、若缺状语，一定是填副词、若缺状语，一定是填副词（ 在纯空格可能性不大，即使考，在纯空格可能性不大，即使考， 也是常见也是常见简短的副词）简短的副词）After a minute, a stranger came _ .( in)We drank together and talked _ (merry)二、给出动词的试题二、给出动词的试题首先确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。首先确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态,主谓一主谓一致。致。The sun was setting when my car _ (break)down ne

7、ar a remote village.“ Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _ (inform)若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列的谓语时，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列的谓语时，就要考虑非谓语动词（就要考虑非谓语动词（-ing形式形式, -ed形式形式. 不不定式。定式。1、做主语或宾语，用、做主语或宾语，用-ing形式表示习惯或一般形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表具体情况。情况，用不定式表具体情况。2、做目的状语，形容词后的状语，结果状语，、做目的状语，形容词后的状语，结果状语，一般用不定式。一般用不定式。3。若判断

8、用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用。若判断用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用-ing形式，是被动关系用形式，是被动关系用-ed形式形式 plucking up a crop _ ( help) it grow.While she was getting me_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying his horse to my car to.注意：有时给出的动词可能是要求词形变化注意：有时给出的动词可能是要求词形变化But Jane knew from past experience that h

9、er _ (choose) if ties hardly ever pleased her father.给出了给出了的试题的解题技巧的试题的解题技巧判断要填的动词是判断要填的动词是还是还是非谓语动词非谓语动词动词做谓语动词做谓语判断动词在句中做谓语动词，就要考虑判断动词在句中做谓语动词，就要考虑时态、时态、语态、语态、主谓一致。主谓一致。例例1His fear of failure _(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. kept例例2 That was definite

10、ly not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, (close) my book and walked away. closed例例3 In Logan, three people (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. were taken若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语，时，所给动词就是非谓语，此时要确定用此时要确定用 Ving形式形式V-ed 形式形式 to

11、do （不定式）（不定式）语态语态根据各种关系来判断是用哪一种根据各种关系来判断是用哪一种非谓语动词非谓语动词(1) 作主语或宾语，通常用作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式惯或一般情况，用不定式（to do）表示表示具体的情况。具体的情况。例例1_ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary例例2】 Strangely, he even didnt seem to like _ (watch) TV that night.Speakingto watch

12、(2)作作目的状语目的状语或者在或者在形容词后作状语形容词后作状语， 一般用一般用。 例例1 (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. To complete例例2 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely (succeed). to succeed例例3 We are looking for a hotel ( stay ) for a night. to

13、 stay(3)(3)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用主动关系用inging形式，是形式，是形式。形式。例例1 He saw the stone, (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”例例2 Lessons (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.sayinglearned题的解题技巧题的解题技巧要根据该词要根据该词在句中所作在句中所作句子成分句子成

14、分确定用哪种形式。确定用哪种形式。具体如下：具体如下：句子成分句子成分1、做表语、定语或补语，常用、做表语、定语或补语，常用_。2。做主语，宾语（包括介宾）用。做主语，宾语（包括介宾）用_。3。在冠词，形容词性物主代词后，用。在冠词，形容词性物主代词后，用_。4。修饰动词、形容词，副词或整个句子，作。修饰动词、形容词，副词或整个句子，作状语，用状语，用_。5。有可能是词义转换题，须加前缀。有可能是词义转换题，须加前缀un-,in-,Im-,等或后缀等或后缀-less。1.作表语、定语或补语，通常用作表语、定语或补语，通常用形式。形式。例例1 In a (danger) part of the

15、sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to例例2 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students (interest) in the subject.例例3 The youngster immediately felt _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.dangerousinterestedsilent1.1.作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用语，用名词名词形式

16、。形式。例例1 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.achievements例例2 These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work. 例例3 instructors expect students to be familiar with (inform) in the readi

17、ngcontributionsinformation2.2.在形容词性物主代词后，或者在在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词冠词(+(+形容词形容词)”)”后，用后，用名词名词形式。形式。例例1 the remains date from this period because of their (similar) to those found elsewhere. 例例2 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.simi

18、laritiesoperation3.3.修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用个句子，作状语，用形式。形式。例例1 “Thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude).例例2 The tornadoes damaged several _ (new) built buildings.例例3 _ (fortunate), I then noticed that I still had a lot of time to complete the rest of the paper.rudelynewlyFortunately4.词类不

19、变，词类不变，主要是考查具有与词根意义主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的相反的派生词派生词根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，给词根给词根加前缀加前缀 后缀或改变前后缀或改变前 后缀后缀例例1 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is (useful).useless例例2 Your mistake caused a lot of (necessary) work in the of

20、fice.例例3 I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. misunderstandunnecessary形容词副词的比较等级形容词副词的比较等级(1)Many other actors are _(badly) off than me at present.(2) Of the four girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). (3)The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _

21、(hard) and finally made himself out.worsecleverestharder1. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress became a bit _ (patient). 2. _ (luck), I then noticed that I had only 10 minutes to complete the rest of the paper.3. impatientUnluckily includedresults5. The proverb, “plucking u

22、p a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.6. Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _ (true) rich. 7. _ (similar), conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech _ (consider) impolite. to helptruly is consideredSimilarly8. _ (co

23、mpare) with other forms of writing, keeping a diary is shorter and takes _(little) time.9. Compared lesslearned valuable10. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and _ (bring) me into her world; a world of smile, love and _ (warm). brought warmthA young man,while traveling through a deser

24、t，c a m e a c r o s s a s p r i n g o f c l e a r water._31_water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _32_ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_33_.(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled_34

25、_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home_35_a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let _36_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his t

26、eacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?” The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from c

27、hildren. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him . He suddenly appeared in class one day ,_16_(wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he _17_(buy) t

28、he school ,And the word quickly got around that he was from New Youk City .For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _18_(please ), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasnt her ,it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_last row ._20_ he thought

29、he cloud escape attentiong by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little _21_(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didnt stop the kids in the class . Of course whenever they turnd to look at him ,they had to look at Mary ,_22_made her feel li

30、ake a star .“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the techer asked .The new boy shook his head .”Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class .I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you .” The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students w

31、ondered _24_ the boy would do .Then he took _25_ off , gave a big smile and said “That is cool “解析：因解析：因allow与与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用要用被动语态，用be allowed；由；由had, left可知可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是的过去式是were，答案是，答案是were allowed。点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。谓一致三条语

32、法规则。例例 2 The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.解析：因为解析：因为why 引导的定语从句，前面的先引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是行词一定是reason。点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。词，但实际上是考查定语从句。二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要

33、填句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。章。例例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution control efforts解析：在冠词解析：在

34、冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填可确定要填cities。点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。三、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语三、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，法点，10个空有可能涉及到个空有可能涉及到10个语法点，个语法点，至少也得有至少也得有7个语法点。笔者认为，即使对个语法点。笔者认为，即使对一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一项也可非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一

35、项也可能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是极小的。极小的。四、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语四、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格的空格.例例7 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.解析：解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，

36、用现在分词作状的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填语，故填reaching。例例8 It would be _ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!解析：因为在系动词解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式的形容词形式believale；由句意；由句意“这样一个这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案，答案为为unbelievab

37、le。五五、出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语；动词短语；2）冠词的用法；）冠词的用法；3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词；列连词；）派生词的用法；）派生词的用法；5）动词的适当形式；）动词的适当形式；6）情态动词的用法；）情态动词的用法；7）定语从句、名词性从句的引导词）定语从句、名词性从句的引导词等。等。 解答语法填空题的八条思路解答语法填空题的八条思路1. 根据语法知识进行填充根据语法知识进行填充2. 根据逻辑关系进行填充根据逻辑关系进行填充3. 根据语篇标志进

38、行填充根据语篇标志进行填充语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为我们称这些词为“语篇标志词语篇标志词”。如表示结。如表示结构层次的有构层次的有first, second, third, finally等；等；表示逻辑关系的有表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。等。“语篇标志词语篇标志词”对迅速理清对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文

39、关系很有帮助。文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。4.根据固定词组进行填充根据固定词组进行填充熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto, earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，对解题很有帮助。等，对解题很有帮助。 5. 根据句型搭配进行填根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如型搭配，如so/suchthat, it is(for sb

40、.) to do sth., There is no doubt that, there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题。等来解题。6. 根据词汇知识进行填充根据词汇知识进行填充指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接形式作宾语的动词，只能接to do作宾作宾语的动词，接语的动词，接to do作补语的动词，接作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接作补语的动词，接doing或或done作补语的作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别

41、的词语，动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。等等。7. 根据生活常识进行填充根据生活常识进行填充I crossed the street to avoid 1 (meet) him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use 2 (pretend) that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy 3 (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything 4 (do). No matter how busy you are

42、, he always insists on 5 (come) with you.meetingpretendingmeetingto do coming三、备考策略1不断记忆，积累词汇。不断记忆，积累词汇。语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词。这就要求考生平时要求的单词。这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单不断地记忆单词，不断地积累词汇词，不断地积累词汇，千方百计地把我们的词，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲

43、的写出单词，填出固定搭配。词，填出固定搭配。2夯实基础，学好语法。夯实基础，学好语法。英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础。的基础。3大声朗读，培养语感。大声朗读，培养语感。语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，语感是一

44、种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了。语感在你的朗读和背文是再好不过的了。语感在你的

45、朗读和背诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。4坚持不懈，多做练习。坚持不懈，多做练习。语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾练过的。但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，练过的。但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时间要非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对。不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对。Will _1_ matter if you dont take your bre

46、akfast? Recently a test _2_ (give) in the United Sates. Those tests included people of different _3_ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got _4_ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see _5_ well their bodies worked and w

47、hen they had eaten_6_certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect _7_ if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be _8_ (especial) true if a person works _9_ his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with_10_ (much) attention in class.itwere givenagesnohowathanespeciallywithmore