考虑公平关切与政府补贴的闭环供应链定价与协调策略研究_____.docx
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1、 分类号: F274 密级: UDC: 658 学校代码: 11065 硕士学位论文 考虑公平关切与政府补贴的闭环供应链 定价与协调策略研究 宋帝 指 导 教 师 戴更新 教授 孙浩 副教授 学科专业名称 管理科学与工程 论文答辩日期 2016.05.29 摘要 近年来,政府对环保和民生问题日益关注,陆续出台了一些相关政策,利用政 府补贴等激励机制来促进循环经济的发展。越来越多的企业也开始重视废弃产品的 回收再制造,加入到闭环供应链的队伍中。然而,闭环供应链中的每个成员都是独 立的经济实体,不可避免地存在着利益冲突,导致闭环供应链系统处于失调状态, 因此有必要设计合理的协调机制。目前关于闭环供
2、应链定价与协调策略的研究大多 是建立在决策者完全理性的假设基础上,然而大量的科学实验表明人们是有限理性 的,具有诸多行为倾向,对不公平现象尤为敏感,当其感到不公平时,宁愿牺牲自 己的利益来惩罚对方,即具有公平关切倾向。国内外对于考虑公平关切和政府补贴 的闭环供应链定价与协调策略的研究尚处于初步阶段,相关文献还较少。 基 于上述考虑,本文采用以定量分析为主,定性分析为辅的方法,在考虑公平 关切行为和政府补贴激励机制的背景下,分别探讨了统一定价和差别定价下制造商 主导、零售商主导和第三方主导的十一种闭环供应链决策模型,分析了每种决策模 式下公平关切系数和政府补贴对最优价格、最优回收率、渠道成员的利
3、润(效用) 和系统总利润的影响,并对每种主导模型下的最优解进行了比较分析和数值仿真分 析,最后运用改进的二部定价契约设计了合适的协调机制以解决分散式决策模式下 的 “ 双重边际效应 ” 问题,具有一定的理论和现实意义。 本文的研究结果表明: 1) 处于弱势成员的公平关切倾向会使其攫取一部分渠道主导者的利润,提高其 自身在渠道中的收入分配比例。 2) 政府补贴能够有效降低产品的零售价格,扩大市场总需求,增加消费者福利、 产品的回收率、渠道成员的利润(效用)及渠道总利润。 3) 制造商主导和零售商主导的闭环供应链优于第三方主导的情形,第三方主导 的闭环供应链协作效率最差,非但未能使系统效率提高,反
4、而严重扰乱了传统正向 供应链的常规运作,公平关切者的关切行为使之更为恶化。 4) 统一定价下各渠道成员均具有参与废旧产品回收的积极性,而差别定价下制 造商和零售商并不具有参与废旧产品回收的积极性,此时需要设计合理的激励机制, 而政府补贴就能够有效实现闭环供应链的激励目标。 5) 可以利用改进的二部定价契约,在不降低公平关切者的效用和其他渠道成员 利润的基础上,协调分散决策模式下的闭环供应链,从而提高渠道主导者和公平关 切者的利润,最大化消费者福利,使系统利润达到集中决策时的水平,实现帕累托 改进和闭环供应链的高效运作。 关键词:闭环供应链;公平关切;政府补贴;定价策略;二部定价 I Abstr
5、act In recent years, paying attention to the environmental protection and peoples livelihood increasingly, the government has rolled out some related policies, such as government subsidies and other incentives to promote the development of circular economy. More and more companies have paid attentio
6、n to the recycling of waste products for remanufacturing, join to the closed-loop supply chain. However, each member of the closed-loop supply chain is an independent economic entity, inevitably have conflict of interests, lead to the imbalance of the closed-loop supply chain systems, therefore, it
7、is necessary to design a reasonable coordination mechanism. Current research on closed-loop supply chain pricing and coordination strategy is mostly based on the assumption of decision makers completely rational, however, a large number of scientific experiments showed that rational people are limit
8、ed and there are many behavior tendency, particularly sensitive to the unfair phenomenon, when they feel injustice, they willing to sacrifice their own interests to punish the other party, namely has the tendency to fairness concerns. The research at home and abroad for considering fairness concern
9、and government subsidies of closed-loop supply chain pricing and coordination strategy is still in its preliminary stage, relevant literatures are less. On the basis of above considerations, this paper supported by quantitative and qualitative analysis method, respectively discusses eleven kinds of
10、manufacturer-leading, retailer-leading and third-party-leading closed-loop supply chain decision models under the unified pricing and differential pricing with the consideration of fairness concern and the incentive mechanism of government subsidy, analyzes the impact of fairness concerns coefficien
11、t and government subsidies on the optimal price, optimal recovery rate, channel members profit (utility), and total profit of the system, and optimal solution of each dominant model is analyzed by comparison and numerical simulation, finally uses improved two-tariff contract design the appropriate c
12、oordination mechanism to solve distributed decision-making mode of double marginal effect problem, has certain theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the research results show that: 1) The weak members fairness concerns will make him grab part profits of the leader to improve its own
13、 income distribution ratio in the channel. 2) The government subsidies can effectively reduce the retail price of the products, expanding market demand, increases consumer welfare, product recovery rate, profits (utility) of channel member, and the total channel profits. 3) Manufacturer-leading and
14、retailer-leading closed-loop supply chain is superior to the third-party-leading, the third-party-leading closed-loop supply chains collaboration efficiency is worst, not only failing to make the system more efficient, but also severely disrupted the traditional supply chains normal operation, fairn
15、ess concerns behavior make it more worse. 4) Each channel members have enthusiasm to participate in recycling of waste products under uniform pricing, but under differential pricing manufacturers and retailers do not have the enthusiasm, so it need to design a reasonable incentive mechanism, and the
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- 考虑 公平 关切 政府 补贴 闭环 供应 定价 协调 策略 研究 _
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