2021 年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套.docx

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1、2021年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套2021年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartListeningComprehension(25minutes)十分讲明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与

2、前两套内容一样，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重复给出。PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifi

3、edbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Weallknowthereexistsagreatvoid(空白)inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto26toSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)courses.Oneeducatorname

4、dDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.ShenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitySTEMeducationatall27ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,“IstartedEngineeringForKids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto28myownkidsin.Shedecid

5、edtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren29inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate30,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand31it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto32recr

6、eationcenters.Today,theEFKprogram33over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2021to$10millionin2021,with25newbranchesplannedfor2021.TheEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot34enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineer

7、ingisagreat35.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsb

8、ymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyarentyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?A)“YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo,areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.“Whydidntyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino(赌场)yourself?Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecurio

9、uscommissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.B)Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.“Ihavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referrin

10、gtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.“Isntthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAme

11、ricansinBenghazi,Libya.C)Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing,andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforonesparty?Oristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself?D)ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious:TheDe

12、siretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionisYes.Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.E)Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.Theword“serendipitywascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofth

13、reeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof.LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledge,readytobesurprised.Inste

14、ad,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.F)Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.G)Lesliepresentsconside

15、rableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereadersborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLes

16、lie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makesusmorecurious.H)Moreover,inordertobecurious,“youhavetobeawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedontknow,hessurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:“Googlecangiveusthepowe

17、rfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.I)Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressesadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingboy(替罪羊).HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearchenginewill“understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant.Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:“Goo

18、gleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.J)Somewhatnostalgically(怀旧地),hequotesJohnMaynardKeynessjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:“Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,sh

19、ouldbeanafternoonsentertainment.Ifonly!K)Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive(认知的)scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactorandadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurv

20、ive:“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.L)Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedandupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassf

21、amilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.M)AlthoughLesliesbookisntaboutpolitics,hedoesntentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcruc

22、ialmoments.Thereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.N)HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewaryofthe“unk

23、nownunknownsweremistaken.Rumsfeldsidea,Lesliewrites,“wasntabsurditwassmart.Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidntfollowhisownadvice.O)AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveit

24、tothereaderspoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butletsbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheothersidesweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsakeevenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidntparticularlywanttoknow.36.Tobe

25、curious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedontknow.37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoonessuccess.38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledgessake.39.Politicalleaderslackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticiansandthemediaslac

26、kofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforl

27、iteraryfictioncontributetopeoplesdecliningcuriosity.45.Mankindwouldntbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkth

28、ecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicala

29、gearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatd

30、escribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments. “Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,hesaid.“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucantcontrol,hesaid.“Inacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustan

31、interestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.“It

32、wasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichs

33、omeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.“Thereremanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.46.Whatdopeoplegenerally

34、believeaboutaging?A)Itshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever.C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)Itisani

35、rreversiblebiologicalprocess.48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease？A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging

36、.49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.C)Theycancontributetopeopleshealthonlytoalimitedextent.D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeoplesagingprocess.50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A)Thehumanlife

37、spancannotbeprolonged.C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,c

38、omparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指导),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.StudiesshowtheyrealsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMath

39、ematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentIveeverhad,saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversitysLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:Thecandidatewasprod

40、uctive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthatsclearlysolidpraise,butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttan

41、dherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.D

42、uttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.“Werenottryingtoassignblame

43、orcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicant

44、stopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.B)Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.D)Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemalecounterparts.52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomen

45、inscientificresearchshow?A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendati

46、onlettersforwomenapplicants?A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecom

47、mendation?A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.C)Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?A)Raiserecommendationwritersawarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpo

48、st-doctorstojoininresearchwork.C)AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomensstatusinacademiccircles.PartTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生长，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有很多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。2021年12月英语四级参考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)【范文】OntheRelationshipbetweenDoctorsandPatientsInrecentyears,thereportsondisputesbetweendoct