2021 年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套).docx

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1、2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)PartIWriting(25minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshopbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirection

2、s:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelineth

3、roughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.B)Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.B)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsr

4、eportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.B)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.D)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.4.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.C)Theyareonlyab

5、outhalfaninchthick.D)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.B)Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.6.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B)Toidentifythereasonsfortheli

6、onsdisappearance.C)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions.7.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.B)Lionstracks.D)TrapssetbylocalhuntersSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquesti

7、ons.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Herluckybirthday.C

8、)Herweddinganniversary.B)Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.9.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.B)Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.10.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.B)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.C)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.D)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.11.A)

9、Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouplesholidaytrip.B)Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouplesholidayturnsout.D)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouplesholidayplan.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.B)Theys

10、eetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.C)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.D)Theytaketherivalsattitudeintoaccount.13.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.B)Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.14.A)Theyarepatient.C)Theylearnquickly.B)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdt

11、heirprinciples.15.A)Makeclearonesintentions.C)Formulateonesstrategy.B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquest

12、ion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)WhenAmericasearliestspaceprogramstarted.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.C)Howmanyspaceshut

13、tlemissionstherewillbe.D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.17.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.C)Theytriedtomeetastronautsspecificrequirements.D)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.18.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C

14、)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.B)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.D)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.20.A)Theybeliev

15、edinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.21.A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)Polishingallthesilverwork.B)Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Useamaptoid

16、entifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.23.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.C)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.D)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.24.A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.B)Wai

17、tpatiently.D)Walkuphill.25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoi

18、cesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.Ontheoth

19、erhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZha

20、voronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,hesaid.“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucantcon

21、trol,hesaid.“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewayw

22、edohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathat

23、agingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.“Thereremanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,Hayflicksaid. “Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpecta

24、ncywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?A)Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfr

25、omavitamindeficiency.B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease?A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutagin

26、g.D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.C)Theycancontributetopeopleshealthonlytoalimitedextent.D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeoplesagingproc

27、ess.50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswere

28、nearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指导),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowtheyrealsoperceivedasmoreco

29、mpetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentIveeverhad,saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversitysLamontcampus.“Comparet

30、hoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthatsclearlysolidpraise,butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.They

31、werealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby

32、,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthano

33、ut-standinglettersofrecommendation.“Werenottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.Whichmayleadtosomerecommendatio

34、nsfortheletterwritersthemselves.51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.B)Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.D)Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositio

35、nsthantheirfemalecounterparts.52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsa

36、reoftenexceptional.53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.54.W

37、hatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.C)Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?A)Raiserecommendationwritersawar

38、enessofgenderbiasintheirletters.B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininreaserachwork.C)AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomensstatusinacademiccircles.PartTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestot

39、ranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有很多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。参考答案：PartIWriting：Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipwillmakelearningandteachingenjoyab

40、leandinteresting.Bothteachersandstudentsshouldmakeeffortstobuildaharmoniousrelationship.Ontheonehand,theteacherplaysanessentialroleinsettingupagoodteacher-studentrelationship.Theteachershouldmotivatethestudentsandleadthemtobeinterestedinlearning.Agoodteachershouldbepatient,kindlyandstrict.Tookindlyo

41、rtoostrictcanbebothharmful.Ontheotherhand,thestudentsshouldrespecttheirteachers,andpaymoreattentioninclasstolearnhowtosolveproblems.Itsimportanttolearntoraisequestionsandworkoutproblemsinnewways.Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipbenefitsboththeteachersandthestudents,soitsvitalforthemtowordharder.PartI

42、IListeningComprehension1.B)Herlittlebrother.2.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.3.C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.4.B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.6.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions.7.B)Lionstracks.8.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.9.D)Threwhe

43、rasurpriseparty.10.B)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.11.C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouplesholidayturnsout.12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.13.B)Theyknowwhentostop.14.C)Theylearnquickly.15.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.16.D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.17.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronau

44、tstouseinouterspace.18.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.19.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.20.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.21.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.22.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.23.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.24.D)Walkuphill.25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.PartReadingComprehens

45、ion(40minutes)26.G)exposure27.L)levels28.F)enroll29.O)participated30.C)championships31.E)developing32.M)local33.N)operates34.I)feeding35.B)career36H)tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedontknow.37.D).accordingtoleslie,curiosityisessentialtoonessuccess.38.O)weshouldfeelhappyw

46、henwepursueknowledgeforknowledgessake39M)politicalleaderslackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.40.B)thereareoftenaccusationsabout.politiciansandthemediaslackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth41.L)thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.42.k)itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomp

47、lishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.43.J)abookshopascuriosityeadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.44.G)boththeriseoftheinternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeoplesdecliningcuriosity.45.F)mankindwouldntbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.46-50：BADCA51-55:CCBDD46.whatdovelieveaboutaging?b)theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutIt47.howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?a)mightbepreventedandtreated