2021 年12月英语四级真题和答案解析(第二套).docx

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1、2021年12月英语四级真题和答案解析(第二套)20XX年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections

2、:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethr

3、oughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ittriestoentertainitsaudience.C)Itwantstocatchpeoplesattention.B)Ittriestolookintothedistance.D)Ithasgotoneofitslimbsinjured.2.A)Itwasspottedbyanimalprotectionofficials.B)Itwasfilmedbyalocaltelevisionreporter.C)Itsvideoswerepost

4、edonsocialmedia.D)Itspicturewonaphotographyprize.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)ThedistancetravelledC)Thespendingongas.B)Theincidenceofroadaccidents.D)Thenumberofpeopletravelling.4.A)Fewerpeoplearecommuting.C)Jobgrowthisslowingdown.B)Gasconsumptionissoaring.D)Rush-hourtraf

5、ficisworsening.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hetoldastrangerthesadstoryabouthimself.B)Hehelpedastrangertocarrygroceriestohiscar.C)Hewentuptoastrangerandpulledathissleeves.D)Hewashedastrangerscarinreturnforsomefood.6.A)Heorderedalotoffoodforhisfamily.C)Heraisedalargesumofmo

6、neyforhim.B)Hegavehimajobathisowncompany.D)Heofferedhimascholarshipforcollege.7.A)Heworkshardtosupporthisfamily.C)Heisverygoodatmakingupstories.B)Heisanexcellentstudentatschool.D)Hehasbeendisabledsinceboyhood.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation

7、,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8

8、.A)Attendedaneconomicslecture.C)HadadrinkatQueenVictoria.B)TakenawalkonCharlesStreet.D)Haddinneratanewrestaurant.9.A)Treatacollegefriendtodinner.C)Attendhisbrothersbirthdayparty.B)Makepreparationsforaseminar.D)Visitsomeofhishighschoolfriends.10.A)Gatherstatisticsforhislecture.B)Throwasurprisebirthda

9、yparty.C)MeetwithJonathansfriendsontheweekend.D)Joinhiminhisbrothersbirthdaycelebration.11.A)Bycar.B)Bytrain.C)Bytaxi.D)Bybus.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Takingavacationabroad.C)Savingenoughmoneyforarainyday.B)Reviewingforhislastexam.D)Findingabetterwaytoearnmoney.1

10、3.A)Preparingforhisfinalexams.C)Workingparttimeasawaiter.B)Negotiatingwithhisbossforaraise.D)Helpingthewomanwithhercourses.14.A)Finishhertermpaper.C)LearnalittlebitofSpanish.B)Saveenoughmoney.D)Askherparentspermission.15.A)Hehasrichsailingexperience.C)HeisalsoeagertogotoSpain.B)HespeaksSpanishfluent

11、ly.D)Heiseasytogetalongwith.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmastchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorresponding

12、letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Shewenttothesameuniversityashermother.B)SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWar.C)ShewontheNobelPrizetwotimes.D)ShewasalsoaNobelPrizewinner.17.A)Shefoughtbravelyinaseriesofmilitaryoperations.B)Sh

13、edevelopedX-rayfacilitiesformilitaryhospitals.C)Shehelpedtosetupseveralmilitaryhospitals.D)Shemadedonationstosavewoundedsoldiers.18.A)Bothdiedofbloodcancer.C)Bothwonmilitarymedals.B)BothfoughtinWorldWarI.D)Bothmarriedtheirassistants.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theywereth

14、efirstsettlersinEurope.B)TheyweretheconquerorsofNorway.C)TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninthcentury.D)TheysettledonasmallislandnorthofEngland.20.A)ItwassomefivehundredmileswestofNorway.B)Itwascoveredwithgreenmosttimeoftheyear.C)ItwastheVikingsmostimportantdiscovery.D)Itwasarockymassoflandcoveredwithice.

15、21.A)TheVikings,oceanexplorations.C)TheVikingseverydaylife.B)ThemakingofEuropeannations.D)TheEuropeansArcticdiscoveries.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Workhardforabetterlife.C)Dreamaboutthefuture.B)Makemistakesnowandthen.D)Saveagainstarainyday.23.A)Teachforeignlanguagesfort

16、herestofhislife.B)Changewhathehasforhispastimaginaryworld.C)Exchangehistwo-storyhouseforabeachcottage.D)Dwellonthedreamshehaddreamedwhenyoung.24.A)Criminallaw.C)Orientalarchitecture.B)Cityplanning.D)Internationalbusiness.25.A)Dreamandmakeplans.C)Becontentwithwhatyouhave.B)Takethingseasyinlife,D)Enjo

17、ywhateveryouaredoing.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifie

18、dbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TechnologicalchangesbroughtdramaticnewoptionstoAmericanslivinginthe1990s.Duringthisdecadenewformsofentertain

19、ment,commerce,research,andcommunicationbecamecommonplaceintheU.S.Thedrivingforcebehindmuchofthischangewasa(n)26popularlyknownastheInternet.TheInternetwasdevelopedduringthe1970sbytheDepartmentofDefense.Inthecaseofanattack,militaryadviserssuggestedthe27ofbeingabletooperateonecomputerfromanothertermina

20、l.Intheearlydays,theInternetwasusedmainlybyscientiststocommunicatewithotherscientists.TheInternet28undergovernmentcontroluntil1984.OneearlyproblemfacedbyInternetuserswasspeed.Phonelinescouldonlytransmitinformationata29rate.Thedevelopmentoffiber-optic(光纤)cablesallowedforbillionsofbitsofinformationtob

21、ereceivedeveryminute.CompanieslikeInteldevelopedfastermicroprocessors,sopersonalcomputerscouldprocessthe30signalsatamorerapidrate.Intheearly1990s,theWorldWideWebwasdeveloped,inlargepart,for31purposes.Corporationscreatedhomepageswheretheycouldplacetextandgraphicstosellproducts.Soonairlinetickets,hote

22、l32,andevencarsandhomescouldbepurchasedonline.Universities33researchdataontheInternet,sostudentscouldfind34informationwithoutleavingtheirdormitories.Companiessoondiscoveredthatworkcouldbedoneathomeand35online,soawholenewclassoftelecommutersbegantoearnalivingfromhomeofficesunshavenandwearingpajamas(睡

23、衣).SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

24、correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHealthBenefitsofKnittingA)About15yearsago,Iwasinvitedtojoinaknittinggroup.Iagreedtogiveitatry.B)Mymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegr

25、oup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(钩织),andIwasonmywaytobecomingahighlyproductivecrafter.C)Ivemadecountlessbabyblankets,sweaters,scarves,hats,capsfornewborns.Itakeaknittingprojectwithmeeverywhere,especiallywhenIhavetositstillandlisten.AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,myminds

26、taysfocusedonthehereandnow.D)Itseems,too,thatImpartofanationalrenewalofinterestinneedleandotherhandicrafts(手工艺).TheCraftYamCouncilreportsthatathirdofwomenages25-35nowknitorcrochet.Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyMendsthreesmallgrandsons.LastApril,thecouncilcreatedaStitchAwaySt

27、resscampaigninhonorofNationalStressAwarenessMonth.Dr.HerbertBenson,apioneerinmind/bodymedicineandauthorofTheRelaxationResponse,saysthattherepetitiveactionofneedleworkcaninducearelaxedstatelikethatassociatedwithmeditation(沉思)andyoga.Onceyougetbeyondtheinitiallearningcurve,knittingandcrochetingcanlowe

28、rheartrateandbloodpressure.E)Butunlikemeditation,craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.Ikeepphotosofmysingularaccomplishmentsonmycellphonetoboostmyspiritswhenneeded.F)Sincethe1990s,thecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyli

29、ststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivitiesmainbenefits.Amongthemisthefatherofaprematurelyborndaughterwhoreportedthatduringthebabysfiveweeksintheintensivecareunit,“learninghowtoknitinfanthatsgavemeasenseofpurposeduringatimethatIfeltveryhelpless.ItsahobbythatIvestuckwith,anditcontinuestohelpm

30、ecopewithstressatwork,provideasenseoforderinhectic(忙乱的)days,andallowmybraintimetosolveproblems.G)Arecentemailfromtheyam(纺纱)companyRedHearttitled“HealthBenefitsofCrochetingandKnittingpromptedmetoexplorewhatelsemightbeknownaboutthehealthvalueofactivitieslikeknitting.Myresearchrevealedthattherewardsgow

31、ellbeyondreplacingstressandanxietywiththesatisfactionofcreation.H)Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit,andKnittoHealforpeoplecopingwithhealthcrises,likeacancerdiagnosisorseriousillnessofafamilymember.Schoolsandprison

32、swithcraftprogramsreportthattheyhaveacalmingeffectandenhancesocialskills.Andhavingtofollowinstructionsoncomplexcraftprojectscanimprovechildrensmathskills.I)Somepeoplefindthatcraftworkhelpsthemcontroltheirweight.Justasitschallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks,thereslesssna

33、ckingandmindlesseatingoutofboredom.J)Ivefoundthatmyhandiworkwithyamhashelpedmyarthritic(患关节炎的)fingersremainmoredexterous(乖巧的)asIage.AwomanencouragedtotryknittingandcrochetingafterdevelopinganautoimmunediseasethatcausedalotofhandpainreportedontheCraftYamCouncilsitethatherhandsarenowlessstiffandpainfu

34、l.K)A2020UniversityofBritishColumbiastudyof38womenwithaneatingdisorderwhoweretaughttoknitfoundthatlearningthecraftledtosignificantimprovements.Seventy-fourpercentofthewomensaidtheactivitylessenedtheirfearsandkeptthemfromthinkingabouttheirproblem.L)BetsanCorkhill,awellnesscoachinBath,England,andautho

35、rofthebookKnitforHealth&Wellness,establishedawebsite,Stitchlinks,toexplorethevalueofwhatshecallstherapeuticknitting.Amongherrespondents,54percentofthosewhowereclinicallydepressedsaidthatknittingmadethemfeelhappyorveryhappy.Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesrep

36、ortedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivitieslikeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.Perhapsmostexcitingisresearchthatsuggeststhatcraftslikeknittingandcrochetingmayhelpt

37、okeepoffadeclineinbrainfunctionwithage.Ina2020study,researchersledbyDr.YonasGedaattheMayoClinicinRochesterinterviewedarandom(随机的)sampleof1,321peopleages70-89,mostofwhomwerecognitively(在认知方面)normal,aboutthecognitiveactivitiestheyengagedinlateinlife.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&Clin

38、icalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelopingmildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.M)Althoughitispossiblethatonlypeoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthywouldpursuesuchactivities,thosewhoreadnewspapersormagazinesorplayedmusicdidnotshowsimilarbenefits.

39、Theresearchersspeculatethatcraftactivitiespromotethedevelopmentofnervepathwaysinthebrainthathelptomaintaincognitivehealth.N)Insupportofthatsuggestion,a2021studybyDeniseC.ParkoftheUniversityofTexasatDallasandcolleaguesdemonstratedthatlearningtoknitordodigitalphotographyenhancedmemoryfunctioninolderad

40、ults.Thosewhoengagedinactivitiesthatwerenotintellectuallychallenging,eitherinasocialgrouporalone,didnotshowsuchimprovements.O)Giventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingtomaximizethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.Iforonetryno

41、ttomissasingleweeklymeetingofmyknittinggroup.36.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherconcentrate.37.Knittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromtobacco.38.Evenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofknitters.39.Beingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesoneshealthandprolongsoneslife.40.Knittingdiver

42、tspeoplesattentionfromtheirpain.41.Theauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.42.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewersnacks.43.Surveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelievestress.44.Accordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuff

43、ermildcognitivedamage.45.Theproductsofknittingcanincreaseonessenseofself-respect.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondinglette

44、ronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.NobodyreallyknowshowbigLagosis.Whatsindisputableisthatitsgrowingveryquickly.Betweennowand2050,theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesinthere

45、stoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(贫民窟);migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.Why?Theimmediateproblemispoverty.MostofAfricaisurbanisingatalowerlevelofincomethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.Thatmeansthereslittlemoneyaroundforinvestmentthatwouldmakecitiesliveableandmorep

46、roductive.Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity,bridges,roadsandpowersystemsareunabletocopewithexpandingpopulations.WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.Inotherpartsofthewor

47、ld,increasingagriculturalproductivityandindustrializationwenttogether.Moreproductivefarmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities;inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.Governmentisconcentratedincapitals,soisthem

48、oney.MosturbanAfricansworkforasmallminorityoftherich,whotendtobeinvolvedineithercronyish(有裙带关系的)businessesorpolitics.SinceAfricanagricultureisstillbroadlyunproductive,foodisimported,consumingaportionofrevenue.Sowhatcanbedone?ThoughAfricancountriesarepoor,notallAfricancitiesare.InLagos,foreignoilwork

49、erscanpayasmuchas$65,000peryearinrentforamodestapartmentinasafepartoftown.Ifthatincomewerebettertaxed,itmightprovidetherevenueforbetterinfrastructure.Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.Yetevenasnewroadsarebuilt,newpeoplearrive.Whenacityspopulation