初中英语语法大全如今完成时的构造和用法(练习附答案).docx

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1、初中英语语法大全如今完成时的构造和用法(练习附答案)初中英语语法大全|如今完成时的构造和用法练习附答案一基本构造如今完成时的句子构造一般为：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分如：Wehavealreadyhadlunch.Hehasbeenawayforaweek.二主要用法1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对如今造成的影响或结果。此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的副词有already、just、never、ever、yet等。如：Theyhavealreadycomebackfromthemuseum.Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.2、表示过去发生的动作

2、持续到如今，并且有可能会继续持续下去。此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since，而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词如stay、keep、wait等。如：Ihavelivedherefortenyears.Hehaskepttheclavichordsincethirtyyearsago.3、表示从过去某一时间到讲话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的主要是表频度的副词often、always、seldom、never等，以及表次数的单词或短语如once、twice、threetimes。如：Youhaveneverlistenedtomelikethi

3、sbefore.ShehaseverbeentoFrance.TheyhavevisitedtheSummerPalacemanytimes.三动词的过去分词1、规则变化其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本一样，主要是在词尾加-ed或-d。详细的有：1直接加-ed。如：worked、played。2以不发音的e结尾的动词后加-d。如：lived、danced。3以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后改y为i，再加-ed。如：studied、cried。4以重读闭音节结尾的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped、patted。2、不规则变化假如结合动词的过去式，动词的过去分词的不规则变化中，

4、又有一些相对的规则现象。如：1AAA型。如：putputput；readreadread。其中，read的过去式和过去分词固然拼写时一样的，但其发音与原形不同，ea不再读作i?，而是e。2AAB型。如：beatbeatbeaten3ABB型。如：keepkeptkept；sitsatsat4ABC型。如：lielaylain；drinkdrankdrunk5ABA型。如：runranrun；comecamecome四标志性词语1、副词already、just、never、ever、yet等。如：ShehasntarrivedinScotlandyet.TheyhavejustleftforSh

5、anghai.2、for和since。for+一段时间，since+详细时间。如：HehaslearnedItalianforfivemonths.HehaslearnedItaliansincefivemonthsago.3、sofar和upto/tillnow。表示“迄今为止。如：Sofar,noonehasheardanynewsabouther.Shehasreadfiftybooksuptonow.4、recently、lately等表示“近期；最新的副词和形容词。如：Ivemetheronseveraloccasionsrecently.Hehasnthadenoughsleepl

6、ately.5、inthepast/last+一段时间，表示“在过去的.时间里。如：Inthepastfewyears,newbuildingshavesprungupalloverBeijing.Hehadagedrapidlyinthelastfewmonths.6、次数。如：Ivetriedmanytimes,buttheresnoway.Hehasbeenthereatleasttwice.五havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin1、havebeento表示“去过已回。句子主语就在现场。如：TheyhavebeentoRomemanytimes.Shehasb

7、eentoShanghaimorethanonce.2、havegoneto表示“去了未回。句子主语不在现场。如：JerryhasgonetoHangzhou.MaryhasgonetoFinland.3、havebeenin表示“一直待在某地。如：WehavebeeninBeijingforfiveweeks.TheyhavebeeninChinasince2021.六短暂性动词和延续性动词所谓短暂性动词主要是指一旦发生马上就结束的动作，也叫霎时动词，如die、marry、leave等。而延续性动词主要是指能够一直持续进行的动作，也叫持续性动词，如learn、live、talk等。两类动词都

8、能够用于如今完成时，但是短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。此时，需要把短暂性动词改为相应的表状态的动词或短语。如：错误：Hehasdiedfortenyears.正确：Hehasbeendeadfortenyears.错误：Shehasmarriedhimsincefiveyearsago.正确：Shehasbeenmarriedtohimsincefiveyearsago.七句型转换由于“have/hasdone中的have/has是助动词，所以在进行句型转换中要注意不需要再另外借助助动词do/did/does，而是直接借用have/has。如：肯定句：Hehaslivedhere

9、forthelastfewyears.否认句：Hehasntlivedhereforthelastfewyears.一般疑问句：Hashelivedhereforthelastfewyears?特殊疑问句：Howlonghashelivedhere?划线部分为forthelastfewyears如今完成时专项练习一.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2._he_(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Wh

10、eresLiMing?He_(go)totheteachersoffice.5.I_(work)heresinceI_(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong_theWangs_(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I_just_(finish)myhomework.9.He_(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10._you_(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.12.Thestudents_

11、(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey_(climb)thetree.14.Mymother_(come)toseemenextSunday.15.Ivelostmypen._you_(see)itanywhere?二.单项选择.1.Howlonghaveyou_here?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2.Mygrandpadied_.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.3.Janehas_toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktom

12、orrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that5.-WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.I_herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet6.-Whatanicedress!Howlong_you_it?-Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had7.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,She

13、andI_friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned8.TheSmiths_inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live9.-Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He_theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB

14、.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going三.句型转换1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否认句)I_beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_hecometoschool?3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)I_just_anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We_English_threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,_?(改成反意疑问句)6.Theyh

15、avebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)_havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_lastyear.Hehas_forayear.(die)(动词填空)8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGaohas_anhourago.答案：一.1have,seen,saw2has,finished3has,come4hasgone5haveworked,moved6havemade7have,stayed8have,finished9goes10have,found11is12werereading13isclimbing14willcome15have,seen二.1.D2.C3.B4.B5.B6.D7.C8.C9.B10.B三.1havenot2.Whyhasnt3.have,just4havelearnt,for5hashe6howlong7died,beendead8beenawaysince