八年级下册英语重要学习知识资料点归纳.docx

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1、八年级下册英语重要学习知识资料点归纳八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)sound(听起来),后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否认句要借助助动词。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesntsoundbenoisy.感慨句构造：What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！Whataninterestingbookitis!What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+

2、主语+谓语！Whatbadweatheritistoday!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！3.Imafraid+句子:恐怕Imafraidhehasnotimetoday.4.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作业做好了吗？Dinnerisdone!晚饭做好了！5.haveatry试一试；尝一尝6.haveasweettooth爱好甜食7.thanksfor=thankyoufor+名词/动词-

3、ing。因而感谢你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.8.hearfrom=get/receivealetterfrom收到的来信9.cantwaittodosth.迫不及待去做某事Icantwaittoseeyou.10.人+spend+时间indoingsth.。=Ittakes+人+时间+todosth.某人花费多少时间做某事Hespenttwodays(in)readingthenovel.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.11.too也置于句末，前

4、加逗号also也(置于居中be或情态动词之后)aswell也置于句末，前不加逗号12.beproudof以为豪Myparentsareproudofme.13.Howdoyoufeelabout+名词/动词-ing？=Whatdoyouthinkof+名词/动词-ing？你觉得怎么样？Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?14.beafraidof+名词/动词-ing：害怕.Iamafaidofdog/goin

5、goutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosleepaloneatnight.15.Whatdoessb.looklike?某人长得怎么样问外表答：short/tall/young/prettyWhatissblike?某人性格怎么样？问性格或品质答：quiet/nice/strict/kind.-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?-Heistallwithpairofglasses.-Whatisy

6、ourEnglishteacherlike?-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要语法：如今完成时一：描绘过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对如今造成的影响。构造：have/has+动词过去分词(否认)havent/hasnt+动词过去分词含义：已经/曾经做过还没有做过标志词：already、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie.我已经看过这部电影。我如今了解该电影了。Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.他已经完成了作业。他能够交作业了Wehaventhaddinneryet.我们还没有吃晚饭。我们如

7、今饿Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition?你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗？变一般疑问句把have/has提到句首Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.2.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition参加竞赛3.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish.4.affordsth.买得起某物Icantaffordthenewbike.affordtodosth.付得起钱去做某事=haveenoughmoneytobuysth.Shecantaffordtogotosc

8、hool.她没钱去上学。5.stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事Imtired.Letsstoptohavearest.我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！Itstimeforclassnow.Letsstoptalking.上课时间到了！让我们不要讲话了！6.makeup编写makeupastory编故事makeit/themup(代词要放中间)7.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事8.fifteen-year-old十五岁的复合形容词中的名词不能加s,作定语fifteenyearsold十五岁短语，不能作定

9、语，常作表语Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.9.atthemoment=now此刻常用于如今进行时中10.have/hasbeento+某地：曾经去过某地人已经回来，常与次数连用have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了人未回，不能与次数连用have/hasbeenin+某地：在某地呆/逗留常与for+时间段连用IhavebeentoHongKongtwice.Heisntherenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.11.bedifferentfrom与.不同12.f

10、indit+形容词+todosth.发现做某事是.的it是形式宾语，无义，替代后面不定式Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我发现学数学很容易。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼发现讲汉语很难。13.sofar到目前为止常用于如今完成时SofarIhavelearnt3，000Englishwords.14.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界15.countdown倒数M31.already已经常用于如今完成时肯定句句中或句末Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，还常用于如今完成时否认句或疑问句句末Hasit

11、arrivedyet？just刚刚常用于如今完成时肯定句句中Theyhavejustarrived.2.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么？3.Imnotsurehowtomakeit.=ImnotsurehowIcanmakeit.4.Thatswhy.那就是的原因了。5.inorderto+动词原形：为了Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.句子=inorderthat+句子：为了Heworkssohardsothat(inorderthat)hecangetthebestscore.6.thereis(如今完

12、成时形式)therehasbeen已经有/存在thereare(如今完成时形式)therehavebeen已经有/存在Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.7.goaround围绕转8.noneof+名词复数/宾格+动词单/复形：没有一个既指人也指物noone+动词单=nobody仅指人，不与of连用，常用于who提出的问题Noneofthestudentsknow(s)theanwer.没有一个学生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?None.一个也没有强调数量Nooneknowsth

13、eanswer.Whosintheclassroom?-Noone.没有人强调有没有人9.becalled被称为10.asmallpartof.的一小部分httpdocsj/doc/4931a52d534de518964bcf84b9d528ea80c72fea.municatewith与联络12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事13.writeback回信M4重要语法：1.如今完成时二：描绘一个动作或状态从过去持续到如今乃至将来有多长时间。常与“for+时间段/since+时间点、sofar、recently近期、inthelast10years近期十年等表示持续的时间连用，也用于h

14、owlong问句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6years.Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.Chinahaschangedalotinthelast30years.HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?十分注意：在如今完成时二中，与“for+时间段/since+时间点或howlong问句中，动词必须为可延续性动词learn,stay,live，不能为短暂性动词(buy,borrow,die),若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如：buyhaveborrow-keep/haveleave-beawaydie-bedeadcome

15、/go/reachbeinjointheparty-beintheparty错误：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3days.(buy为短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用)正确：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.(将buy改为延续性动词have2.问-Howlong?多久.?答-For+时间段/since+时间点。Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你这样多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大约三天了。3.catchacold感冒haveafever发烧takeonestemperature测量某人的体

16、温doexercise锻炼fastfood快餐notusually不经常threetimesaday一天三次4.beharmfulto对.有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.5.bydoing通过做.decidenottodosth.决心不做某事inexcellent/badcondition身体状况良好/差ridetowork=gotoworkbybike骑车上班arriveat/in=getto=reach到达withasmileononesface面带笑脸goforarun去跑步feelawful感到不适allover浑身；遍及6.toot

17、o太而不能Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.7.choosesb.todosth.选择某人去干某事ontheway在路上M51.Itstimeto(动词)dosth.=Itstimefor名词sth.该做某事的时候了。Itstimetohaveclass.=Itstimeforclass.playgames.=games.dinner2.fightfoughtfouthtsb.打某人fightwithsb.与某人打架fightfor为而战3.flythrough飞越climbup爬上4.Iwanttobesomeonelikehim.我想成为想他那样的人。5.keepd

18、oingsomething不断做某事keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Keeptrying,andyoullsucceed成功.不断尝试，你就会成功！6.canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Shecouldnthelpcryingwhensheheardthenews.IcanthelpmissingyouwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycanthelpdancingwiththerockmusic.7.over=morethan超过8.winth

19、eheartofsb.博得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.9.makeaterriblemess弄得一团糟10.expecttodosth.等待做某事Iexpecttoseeyousoon.11.eversince+句子(一般过去时)常用于如今完成时Wehaveknowneachothereversincewewereyoung.12.inthe1980s在二十世纪八十年代in1980在1980年没有the和s13.findreallifehardtounderstand=findithardtounderstandrealhard发现现实生活难

20、以理解find+宾格+形容词+todo=findit+形容词+todo+宾格：发现做是的14.aswellas=with/andalso和；以及；也；像一样好HecanspeakEnglishaswellasFrench.他会讲英语，也会讲法语。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow.托尼和他的父母如今住在国。动词要根据就远原则，与aswellas前的主语人称和数一致IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim.我的英语讲得想他一样好。httpdocsj/doc/4931a52d534de518964bcf84b9d528ea80c72fea.et

21、olife复活/恢复生气16.bepopularwithsb.收到某人的欢迎17.几种时态区别:时态概念谓语动词形式时间标志词一般如今时：经常发生或习惯性地动作动词原形/三单oftenusuallysometimeseveryday/week一般过去式：过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式yesterdayagojustnow,lastweek/year如今完成时：已经或曾经干过某事，对如今的影响have/has+过去分词alreadyyetjustnever.过去发生的动作持续到如今或将来有多久。for+时间段、since+时间点，sofar,rencentlyM61.takeup占据空间/时间T

22、hedesktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.从事Hetookupartatschool.他在学校教美术。2.findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下3.abitof+不可数名词=alittleofabitoffood/orangejuiceabitofamess有点乱abit+形容词/副词=alittleabittired/hungry区别：notabit:一点也不notalittle:很/非常4.must一定表揣测Itmustbereallyvaluable.他一定很值钱。5.as+(形

23、容词/副词)原级+as:像一样Heisastallashisbrother.否认：notasas不如.Tomisnotastallashisbrother.6.inoneslife在某人一生中7.makesb./sth.+动词原形：使某人/某物做某事Dontmakemelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerworkforalongtime.类似：letsb./sth.+动词原形：让某人/某物做某事8.growasaperson长大成人9.someothers一些另外一些10.developonesinterest培养某人的兴趣11.aswellas=besides除了.之外，还包

24、括.AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。12.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事eout出版；外出；14.asaresult结果asaresultof.由于.=becauseofHedidntworkhard,asaresult,hedidntpasstheexam.15.beinterestedin+名词/动词-ing:对感兴趣Iamveryinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing?16.sb.spend+时间+doingsth.某人花费多少时间做某事。=

25、Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M71.preparefor为.做准备=getreadyfor2.makealistof列的清单3.getready把准备好4.Itsoundscrazy.这听起来很荒唐。5.Idontknowwhattotake.简单句=IdontknowwhatIshouldtake.复合句6.attheendof在.的尽头/结尾7.Is200dollarsenough?金钱、

26、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistance.8.hadbetter+动词原形：最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否认：hadbetternot+动词原形：最好不要做某事：Youdbetternotgooutnow.9.bytheway顺便讲一下gocrazy变疯inagroupof20二十人一组10.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.offertodosth.自愿去做某事Theyoffer

27、edtohelpme.11.learnabout了解atthesametime同时bewelltrained受过良好培训dependon依靠；取决于14.providesb.sth.提供某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.15.settests安排考试formclosefriendshipswith与.结成亲密的友谊stayintouchwith和保持联络taketripsto到去旅行atleast至少fillout填写M81.重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that无义，可省,后接陈述句作宾语。

28、宾语从句复合句=主句+引导词+宾语从句。Icanhardlybelieve(that)wereinthecitycentre.Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesntthinktheparkwillbebusy.主句和从句的时态关系：主句：一般如今时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.从句为一般如今时Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdes

29、k.从句为一般将来时Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.从句为一般过去时Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.从句为如今完成时主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.从句用一般过去时Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.从句用过去将来时Ourteachertoldushehadtaughtherefor20years.从句用

30、过去完成时特殊情况：从句描绘的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般如今时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他讲光比声音传播得快)Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.客观事实Shesaid(that)herfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.客观事实Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.客观真理注意：当主句的谓语动词是t

31、hink或believe，宾语从句要表达否认时，要把从句的否认转移到主句上。IdontthinkheisgoingtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Wedontbelievethatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.2.hardly几乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe?前否后肯3.sothat如此以致于Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thelittleboyisnotolden

32、oughtogotoschool.sothat以便；为了=inordertharHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchuptheearlybus.4.hearsb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物经常/过去做.hearsb./sth.+动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做.Ioftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearherplayingthepianoinherroomnow.5.befamousfor因而著名befamousas+职业/身份：作为而知名T

33、hisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousasawriter.6.allowdoingsth.允许做某事Theydontallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that从句：Heallowedthattheywereright.他成认他们是对的7.Itsbetter(forsb.)todosth.对某人来讲最好去做某事。Itsbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.8.pointo

34、ut指出pointat/to指着近物/远物9.atthetopof在的顶部moveabout四处走动10.promisetodosth.答应做某事Hepromisedtohelpus.promisenottodosth.保证不做某事Tonypromisednottotalkinclass.promise+that从句:Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.11.haveawonderfultime玩得开心magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake在小湖边wakesb.up唤醒某人12.withoutdoi

35、ng没有做.Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.13.Itisapitythat+从句。真遗憾.Itsapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.14.walkdownthepath顺道而下15.putleavesoffplants从植物扯下叶子16.thesecondlargest第二大.(the+序数词+最高级：第几最.)17.fallasleep入睡M91.重要语法：if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether意为“能否，用在将直接引语讲话人讲得话为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语转述他即陈述语序。“Areyouateache

36、r?heasks.间接引语Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.直接引语“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?theteacheraskedhim.间接引语Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idontknowwhetherheisathomeornot.注：if和whether一般情况下能够互换使用，但如下情况，不能用if,只能用whether:在动词不定式之前只能用whether

37、Idontknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse拒绝.在whetherornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.在介词后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。Whetheritistrueornot,Icanttell.用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如用whether可避免歧义。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复

38、合句时，用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。直引“Whatsyourname?Mr.Liasksme.间引Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.直引“Whydidheaskforhelp?heasked.间引Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Wheredoeshecomefrom?Idontknow.合并句子Idontknowwherehecomesfrom.合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，由于它不再是问句了HowcanIgetthere?Canyoutellme?合并句子Canyoutell

39、mehowIcangetthere?解析同上注：if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。2.mentionsth.tosb.向某人提及某事3.takeamessageforsb.：为某人捎口信4.打电话用语：Whoscalling?=Whosthatspeaking?你是哪位？Isthat(speaking)?你是吗？Thisisspeaking.我是Could/MayIspeakto?我能够和.讲话吗？5.haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之间出了问题6.getseparated分开7.exp

40、lainsth.tosb.向某人解析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.explain+疑问词+不定式：Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?explain+宾语从句：Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?8.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事Herefusedtohelpme.9.feel/besureof.对有把握10.regrettodosth.遗憾地要做某事还未做regret-regretted-regrettedIregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我懊悔几天前责备过他。regret

41、doingsth.懊悔做过某事(已经做过了Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。11.bepatientwithsb.对某人耐心12.introduceAtoB:把A介绍给B认识13.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyhard.14.haveahardtime过的困难；碰到费事15.从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义：what所的where的地方when的时间Ibelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.我相信世界就是你所想的

42、那样！ThisiswhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的地方。16.theearlyautumn初秋17.everytime每次；每当18.insilence=silently平静地Allthestudentsarestudyinghardinsilence.19.turnback转身20.withoutaword没有讲一句话21.hiddentreasure隐藏的宝藏22.daybyday一天天地23.circleoffriends朋友圈24.withabrightsmile带着灿烂的微笑25.stickstuckstuckstickto.把粘到上sticktogether粘在一起26.

43、Smileattheworldanditwillsmileback.对世界微笑；世界就会对你报以微笑。M101.ontheradio广播中2.show/takesb.around带某人参观Letmeshowyouaroundourschool.ethisway这边走4.beon电影上映；电器开着5.onair在广播6.avoiddoingsth.避免做某事Youmustavoidmakingthesamemistakenexttime.7.inthebackground在幕后；在后面8.Keepdoingsth.不断做某事9.awfulnews坏消息10.Andthatstheendofthe

44、sixoclocknews.六点钟新闻广播完毕。11.seem+形容词：Mymomseemsveryhappytoday!做系动词seem+不定式：Mymomseemstobeveryhappytoday!Heseemstohaveknowntheansweralready.Itseemsthat+从句：似乎.Itseemsthatitwillrainverysoon.12.inperson=byoneself亲身；本人13.lookdownat低头看14.Shouldntyouatschool?你不用上学吗？否认一般疑问句/反问句，表惊讶15.notbut不是而是.Heisnotmybrot

45、herbutmyfather.16.mightbelistening可能在17.doresearch做研究18.lookoutof往外看19.doasoundcheck做声音测试20.Thiswashowmyfirstrealjobinradiobegan.表语从句我第一次在广播电台工作就这样开场的。21.Englishwritingcompetition英语写作比赛22.surprised惊讶的修饰“人surprising令人惊讶的修饰“物Iwasquitesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.短语：besurprisedtodosth.做某事感到惊讶besurprisedatsth.对某事感到惊讶toonessurprise令某人吃惊的是Tomysurprise,Ipassedtheexam.23.welldone干得好24.closedown关闭