地球物理勘探词汇.docx

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1、地球物理勘探词汇固体地球物理学solidEarthgeophysics历史地震学historicalseismology爆炸地震学explosionseismology勘探地震学explorationseismology可控源地震学controlledsourceseismology零频地震学zero-frequencyseismology近场地震学near-fieldseismology应用地震学appliedseismology地外震学extra-terrestrialseismology行星震学planetaryseismology金星震学Venusseismology月震学lunars

2、eismology反射地震学reflectionseismology强地动地震学strongmotionseismology法律地震学forensicseismology地震地质学seismogeology地震构造学seismotectonics地震社会学seismosociology地震统计学earthquakestatistics工程地震学engineeringseismology地震工程学earthquakeengineering地震模型学seismologymodel月震moonquake火星震Marsquake构造地震tectonicearthquake陷落地震collapseear

3、thquake火山地震volcanicearthquake人工地震artificialearthquake诱发地震inducedearthquake水库诱发地震reservoir-inducedearthquake历史地震historicalearthquake浅源地震shallow-focusearthquake深源地震deep-focusearthquake正常深度地震normalearthquake断层地震faultearthquake地壳地震crustalearthquake壳下地震subcrustalearthquake海下地震submarineearthquake海啸地震tsuna

4、miearthquake区域地震regionalearthquake有感地震feltearthquake近震nearearthquake大震largeearthquake,majorearthquake远震distantearthquake,teleseism前震foreshock主震mainshock余震aftershock假余震pseudo-aftershock震群earthquakeswarm强震strongearthquake微震microearthquake湖震seismicseiche海震sea-quake,seashock海啸tsunami,tidalwave,seismicse

5、awave脉动microseism脉动暴microseismicstorm地震图seismogram月震图lunarseismogram地震活动性seismicity,seismicactivity诱发地震活动性inducedseismicity地震构造区seismotectonicprovince地震区earthquakeprovince,earthquakeregion,seismiczone地震带seismicbelt,beltofearthquakes地震目录earthquakecatalogue地震序列earthquakesequence,seismicsequence地震系列ear

6、thquakeseries地震轮回seismiccycle地震定位earthquakelocation发震时刻origintime震中分布epicenterdistribution震中烈度epicenterintensity震中迁移epicentermigration震中方位角epicenterazimuth震中对跖点anti-epicenter,anticenter地震大小earthquakesize,shocksize震级earthquakemagnitude,magnitude地方震级localmagnitude里氏震级Richtermagnitude统一震级unifiedmagnitu

7、de体波震级bodywavemagnitude面波震级surfacewavemagnitude矩震级momentmagnitude震级-频度关系magnitude-frequencyrelation极震区meizoseismalarea宏观地震资料macroseismicdata地震烈度earthquakeintensity,seismicintensity烈度表intensityscale修订的麦卡利烈度表modifiedMercalliintensityscale,MMintensityscale简称“MM表。麦德维捷夫-施蓬霍伊尔卡Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnikint

8、ensityscale,MSKintensityscale尔尼克烈度表简称“MSK表。罗西-福勒烈度表Rossi-Forelintensityscale简称“RF表。日本气象厅烈度表JapanMeteorologicalAgencyintensityscale,JMAintensityscale简称“JMA表。地震频度earthquakefrequency等震线isoseismalline,isoseismalcurve地震危险区earthquake-pronearea地震重复率earthquakerecurrencerate地震周期性earthquakeperiodicity重现周期retu

9、rnperiod震源hypocenter,focus,seismicsource震源距hypocentraldistance震源定位hypocentrallocation主导地震masterearthquake主导地震事件masterseismicevent,calibrationseismicevent联合震源定位jointhypocentraldetermination震源参数hypocenterparameter,seismicsourceparameter地震参数seismicparameter震源深度focaldepth,earthquakedepth地震迁移earthquakemi

10、gration地震活动区seismicallyactivezone地震活动带seismicallyactivebelt地震空区seismicgap无震区aseismiczone无震带aseismicbelt无震滑动aseismicslip地震波seismicwave,earthquakewave初至波primarywave简称“P波。纵波longitudinalwave压缩波compressionalwave膨胀波dilatationalwave无旋波irrotationalwave续至波secondarywave简称“S波。横波transversewave剪切波shearwave等体积波eq

11、uivoluminalwave旋转波rotationalwave地震体波seismicbodywave,bodilyseismicwave地震面波seismicsurfacewave远震地震波teleseismicwave地震波频散seismic-wavedispersion正频散normaldispersion反频散inversedispersion地震波走时traveltime走时曲线traveltimecurve到时arrivaltime到时差arrivaltimedifference和达图Wadatidiagram20间断20discontinuity震中距20附近，地震体波走时曲线梯

12、度的忽然变化。直达波directwave地表波groundwave地震震相seismicphase锐始impetus,i(拉)缓始emersio,e(拉)T震相Tphase海洋边缘的台站记录到的，沿SOFAR声道传播的高频波。SOFAR声道soundfixingandrangingchannel,SOFARchannel波速约为1.5公里/秒的海洋低速层。相速度phasevelocity群速度groupvelocity地震射线seismicray界面速度boundaryvelocity界面波boundarywave震相辨别phasediscrimination震相识别phaseidentifi

13、cation波的转换conversionofwaves转换波convertedwave尾波coda,cauda(拉)地震测深seismicsounding地震折射法seismicrefractionmethod地震反射法seismicreflectionmethod自由振荡free-oscillation地球谱学terrestrialspectroscopy地球干预量度学terrestrialinterferometry极相漂移polarphaseshift简正振型normalmode谐波简正振型overtonenormalmode高阶振型highermode径向振荡radialoscilla

14、tion极型poloidal极型振荡poloidaloscillation球型spheroidal球型振荡spheroidaloscillation环型toroidal环型振荡toroidaloscillation扭转型torsional扭转型振荡torsionaloscillation风琴管振型organ-pipemode足球振型footballmode分裂参数splittingparameter近场near-field远场far-field远场体波far-fieldbodywave远场面波far-fieldsurfacewave屡次反射multiplereflection振型-射线双重性m

15、ode-rayduality泄漏振型leakymode,leakingmode剥地球法strippingtheEarth走时表travel-timetable,seismologicaltable杰弗里斯-布伦走时表Jeffreys-Bullentraveltimetable,Jeffreys-Bullenseismologicaltable,JBtable佐普利兹-特纳走时表Zoppritz-Turnertraveltimetable初始参考地球模型PreliminaryReferenceEarthModel,PREM初动firstmotion,firstmovement初动近似firstm

16、otionapproximation广义射线generalizedray广义射线理论generalizedraytheory,GRT全波理论full-wavetheory平层近似flat-layerapproximation理论地震图theoreticalseismogram合成地震图syntheticalseismogram几何扩散geometricspreading地滚groundroll虚反射ghostreflection首波headwave侧面波lateralwave地球模型Earthmodel地球变平换算Earth-flatteningtransformation地球变平近似Eart

17、h-flatteningapproximation潜波divingwave解耦decoupling通道波channelwave地壳传递函数crustaltransferfunction锥面波conicalwave尖点cusp卡尼亚尔法Cagniardmethod卡尼亚尔-德胡普法Cagniard-DeHoopmethod,Cagniard-DeHooptechnique德胡普变换DeHooptransformation空气波airwave艾里震相Airyphase大角度反射wide-anglereflectionWKBJ法Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-Jeffreysme

18、thod,WKBJmethodWKBJ理论地震图WKBJtheoreticalseismogram高斯波束Gaussianbeam反射系数reflectioncoefficient透射系数transmissioncoefficient汤姆森-哈斯克尔矩阵法Thomson-Haskellmatrixmethord反射率法reflectivitymethod离散波数法discretewavenumbermethod,DWmethod离散波数有限元法discretewavenumberfiniteelementmethod,DWFEmethod传播矩阵propogatormatrix透射矩阵tran

19、smissionmatrix反射矩阵reflectionmatrix传递函数transferfunction函数function法method时间项time-term时间项法time-termmethod隧道波tunnelingwave地震波的隧道效应tunnelingeffectofseismicwave转折点turningpoint前进波progressivewave剪切耦合PL波shearcoupledPLwaves斯通莱波Stoneleywave横波型面波surfaceSwave慢度slowness慢度法slownessmethod地震吸收带seismicabsorptionband影

20、区shadowzone叠加stacking地震波导seismicwaveguide射线参数rayparameter射线法raymethod折合走时reducedtraveltime勒夫波Lovewave,Querwellen(德)简称“Q波。瑞利波Rayleighwave简称“R波。空气耦合瑞利波air-coupledRayleighwave正转prograde倒转retrograde对称振型symmetricalmode反对称振型antisymmetricalmode射线追踪raytracing射线发射法rayshootingmethod射线弯曲法raybendingmethod地震层析成象

21、seismictomography震源运动学seismicsourcekinematics震源动力学seismicsourcedynamics震源体积focalvolume地震位错seismicdislocation,earthquakedislocation震源机制focalmechanism,earthquakesourcemechanism震源机制解focalmechanismsolution断层面解fault-planesolution综合断层面解compositefault-planesolution地震机制earthquakemechanism地震成因causeofearthqua

22、ke弹性回跳elasticrebound离源震anaseism向源震kataseism离源初动anaseismiconset向源初动kataseismiconset辐射图型radiationpattern震源力focalforce地震力earthquakeforce补偿线性向量偶极compensatedlinearvectordipole,CLVD震源尺度focaldimension单侧断裂unilateralfaulting双侧断裂bilateralfaulting剪切位错sheardislocation张位错tensiledislocation刃型位错edgedislocation螺型位错

23、screwdislocation震源球focalsphere离源角take-offangle延伸距离extendeddistance节面nodalplane压力轴pressureaxis,P-axis简称“P轴。张力轴tensionaxis,T-axis简称“T轴。零向量nullvector,N-axis,B-axis简称“N轴或“B轴。起始相startingphase停止相stoppingphase突发相breakoutphase应变阶跃strainstep应力过量stressglut地震能量seismicenergy地震马赫数seismicMachnumber地震矩seismicmomen

24、t地震矩密度张量seismicmoment-densitytensor地震矩张量seismicmomenttensor地震效率seismicefficiency滑动函数slipfunction震源时间函数sourcetimefunction地震破裂力学earthquakerupturemechanics破裂准则fracturecriterion自发断层破裂spontaneousfaultrupture破裂前沿rupturefront破裂长度rupturelength破裂经过ruptureprocess破裂传播rupturepropagation寂静地震silentearthquake拐角频率cornerfrequency地震应力降seismicstressdrop构造应力tectonicstress有效应力effectivestress