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1、土木工程施工技术案例(土木工程施工技术)案例案例1.某建筑外墙采用砖基础,其断面尺寸如图1所示,已知场地土的类别为二类,土的最初可松性系数为1.25,最终可松性系数为1.04,边坡坡度为1:0.55。取50m长基槽进行如下计算。试求:1基槽的挖方量按原状土计算;2若留下回填土后,余土全部运走,计算预留填土量及弃土量均按松懈体积计算。图1某基槽剖面基础示意图解:(1)求基槽体积,利用公式12FFVL2+=,12FF=得:()3V1.51.240.21521.50.5550187.125m=?+?+?=?(2)砖基础体积:()31V1.240.40.740.40.240.75048m=?+?+?=
2、预留填土量:31S2S(VV)K(187.12548)1.25V167.22mK1.04-?=弃土量:313SSVV187.12548VVK187.1251.2566.69mK1.04?-?=-=-?=?案例2.某高校拟建一栋七层框架构造学生公寓楼,其基坑坑底长86m,宽65m,深8m,边坡坡度1:0.35。由勘察设计单位提供有关数据可知,场地土土质为二类土,其土体最初可松性系数为1.14,最终可松性系数为1.05,试求:1土方开挖工程量;2若混凝土基础和地下室占有体积为23650m3,则应预留的回填土量;3若多余土方用斗容量为3m3的汽车外运,则需运出多少车?解:(1)基坑土方量可按公式()
3、102HVF4FF6=+计算,其中,底部面积为:22F=8665=5590m?中部截面积为:20F=(8680.35)(6580.35)=6020.64m+?+?上口面积为:21F(86280.35)(65280.35)6466.96m=+?+?=挖方量为:348186.03m=5590)+6020.644+(6466.9668=V(2)混凝土基础和地下室占有体积V3=23650m3,则应预留回填土量:3SS3226639.12m14.105.12365003.48186KKVVV=?-=-=(3)挖出的松懈土体积总共有:3S2m54932.07=1.1448186.03=KV=V故需用汽车运
4、车次:22VV54932.0726639.12N9431()q3-=车案例3.某综合办公楼工程需进行场地平整,其建筑场地方格网及各方格顶点地面标高如图2所示,方格边长为30m。场地土土质为亚粘土普通土,土的最终可松性系数为1.05,地面设计双向泄水坡度均为3。按场地挖填平衡进行计算。试求:1场地各方格顶点的设计标高;2计算各角点施工高度并标出零线位置;3计算填、挖土方量不考虑边坡土方量;4考虑土的可松性影响调整后的设计标高。解:1初步确定场地设计标高,由公式12340H2H3H4HH4n+=,得()7465.5286.5255.53(24.526.5554.495.5548.51H0?+?+=
5、 ()m55.5205.5296.52477.533)69.5284.5013.50=+?+?+0.3图2场地方格网图由公式n0xxyyHHlili=,得:00000011000000120001300000014H52.55600.3300.352.54mH52.55300.3300.352.55mH52.550300.352.56mH52.55300.3300.352.57m=-?+?=-?+?=+?=+?+?=同理21H52.53m=22H52.54m=23H52.55m=24H52.56m=25H52.57m=31H52.52m=32H52.53m=33H52.54m=34H52.55
6、m=35H52.56m=(2)计算各角点施工高度,由公式nnnhHH=-可求得:111111hHH52.5451.481.06m=-=-=+其他各角点的施工高度如下列图3所示:由公式Xi,j=ahA/(hA+hB),确定零点为:1111,121112ah301.06x15.44mhh1.061.00?=+同理求出各零点,把各零点连接起来,构成零线,如图3所示。图3场地平整方格网法计算图(3)计算场地挖填方量:3322wIm50.313)00.106.1()12.006.1(06.1630)06.112.0242.000.12(630V=+?+?+-?+?=3322wIIm48.316)30.0
7、50.0()42.050.0(50.0630)50.042.0200.130.02(630V=+?+?+-?+?=3322wIIIm21.831)21.150.0()30.050.0(50.0630)50.021.1293.230.02(630V=+?+?+-?+?=2223wIV300.120.42V()15.12m40.122.980.422.4=?+=+332wVm28.4)4.242.0()5.042.0(42.0630V=+?+?=3222wVIm00.195)14.07.114.0)5.021.1(21.1(430V=+?=32WVIIm50.1021)14.016.003.321
8、.1(430V=+?=总挖方量:3wiWm09.269750.102100.19528.412.1521.83148.3165.313VV=+=233tI301.06V73.50m6(1.060.12)(1.061.00)=?=+?+332tIIm48.25)30.050.0()42.050.0(50.0630V=+?+?=233tIII300.50V13.71m6(0.500.30)(0.501.21)=?=+?+3222tIVm07.1103)42.040.240.212.098.298.2(430V=+?=3322tVm28.1066)40.242.0()50.042.0(42.0630
9、)42.040.2270.150.02(630V=+?+?+-?+?=3222tVIm27.386)14.070.170.121.150.050.0(430V=+?=总填方量:3titm31.266827.38628.106607.110371.1348.255.73VV=+=4调整后的设计标高:2tI2tII2tIII1F26.9515.44208.05m21F16.3018.75152.81m21F18.758.7782.22m2=?=?=?=2tIV2tV2tVI1F(28.8425.53)30815.55m21F30304.4713.7869.38m21F(8.7727.72)30547.35m2=?+?=?-?=?+?=2w2titm64.362436.267573030Fm36.267535.54738.86955.81522.8281.15205.208FF=-?=+=由公式wstwsV(K1)hFFK-=+,得m42.005.164.362436.2675)105.1(09.2697h=?+-=因而,考虑土的可松性影响调整后的设计标高为:
限制150内