综合英语第三册第一单元知识点.docx

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1、综合英语第三册第一单元知识点IV.(PhrasePractice)1.Theyliveduptothetruespiritofsportsmanshipthroughoutthegames.liveupto:tokeeptothehighstandardsofe.g.Didthefilmliveuptoyourexpectation?(=Wasitasgoodasyouexpected?)2.Westartedoffatdawnandheadedfortheseaforsurfing.headfor:movetowards;gotoe.g.“Whereareyouheadingfor?“Man

2、chester.3.Theytriedtoseekoutthetruthinwhatwassaidinthenewspaper.seekout:Ifyouseekoutsomeoneorsomethingorseekthemout,youkeeplookingforthemuntilyoufindthem.e.g.对于当地公司来讲，如今是时候去欧洲寻求商机了。NowisthetimeforlocalcompaniestoseekoutopportunitiesinEurope.4.Youhavetotakeyourdaughtertohospital,asarashhasbrokenouton

3、herfaceandhands.breakout:(ofwar,fighting,disease,orsimilarlyundesirablethings)startsuddenlye.g.印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。ForestfireshavebrokenoutacrossIndonesia.5.Inthedarkness,I_therightbox.gropedforgropefor:feelorsearchaboutuncertainly(forsomething)byhands;searchuncertainlyorwithdifficulty(forasolution,answer,

4、etc.)e.g.我在黑洞洞的屋里探索着寻找电灯开关。Igropeforthelightswitchinthedarkroom.6.Iwarnedhimrepeatedlythatitwasnogood_thatkindoftricks_me.tryingontryon:puton(anarticleofclothing)tofindoutwhetheritfitsorissuitable;testtheeffectorresultofe.g.你能够试试这件新上衣。Youcantryonthisnewcoat.人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？Whydopeopleliketotrytheirlucko

5、nlottery?7.Ourheartfeltsympathies_therelativesofthevictims.gooutto(onesheartorsympathy)goouttosb.:feelsympathytowardssb.andthinkabouttheme.g.他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。HisheartwentouttoMrs.Blackmanandherfatherlesschild.8.Thedrugtraffickerswerearrestedafterthepolicewere_bythelocalresidents.tippedofftipoff

6、:giveanadvancewarningorhinttoe.g.他向警察告密，揭露了恐惧分子的阴谋。Hetippedoffthepoliceabouttheterroristplot.V.(Synonym/Antonym)1.Addingtomydistresswasthedistinctimpressionthateveryoneoncampuswaswatchingme.?Antonyms:indistinct,vague2.Withthatthoughtinmind,Iraisedmyhead,squaredmyshoulders,andsetoutinthedirectionofmy

7、dorm,glancing(andtheneversodiscreetly)atthecampusmapclutchedinmyhand.?Synonyms:carefully,meticulously3.Whatconfidence,whatreserve,whatmuscles!?Synonyms:self-restraint,self-control4.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeaperfectlytimedentrancebeforeeachlecturewithouthavingtoas

8、kdumbquestionsaboutitswhereabouts.?Antonyms:clever,intelligent,sensible5.Freshmenmanualsadvisedsittingnearthefront,showingtheprofessorinintelligentandenergeticdemeanor.?Synonyms:manner,behaviour6.IwasevenmoresurprisedwhenIsawwhothepoorsoulwas:theverycomposed,veryupperclassfootballplayerIdseenjustday

9、sbefore?Antonyms:excited,agitated7.IexpectedhimtoslinkoutofthecafeteriaasIhad,butinsteadheturnedaroundandbeganpreparinganothertray.?Synonym:sneak8.WhatIhadinterpretedasamaliciousattempttoembarrassanaivefreshmanhadbeenmerelyamomentofcollegefun.?Antonyms:mature,sophisticatedVI.1.becamepopular2.respect

10、3.keepup4.leadto5.understand6.foundhttpdocsj/doc/25b2dd0e0129bd64783e0912a216147916117e5d.e8.start补充：though，althoughThough作连接词时，表示“固然、“尽管之意，与另一连词although一样，但在使用场合上有所不同。一although的语势比though强，大都用于正式的文体，指已成立的事实；though的语势较弱，一般指设想和假定的情况。例：Hewouldnttakeanumbrellaalthoughitwasalreadyraining固然当时已在下雨，他还是不愿意拿雨

11、伞。Hewouldnttakeanumbrellathoughitshouldraincatsanddogs固然有可能会下大雨，他还是不愿意拿雨伞。在西方，不少学者以为，although是though的强调式，正如until是till的强调式；upon是on的强调式一样。二although在句中大都放在句首的位置，如放在句中如上面一例，则表示强调的意味；though放在句首和句中均可如上面一例，可将thoughitshouldraincatsanddogs移至句首。though若要加强语势时，可将位置移后构成倒装，例如：Thoughheisyoung，改为Youngthoughheis，；Th

12、oughheispoor，改为Poorthoughhemaybe，；但不能用although。三although只能作连词使用；though除作连词外，还可用作副词，表示“然而、“但是等义，这时候，though一般放在句末。例：AnniesgrandfatherlovestosmokeAndhelikesbeertooItsimpossibleforhimtolivetobe100Itwastrue，though安妮的祖父喜欢吸烟，又喜欢饮啤酒，他不可能活到一百岁，然而，这却是真的，他活到了一百岁。值得注意的是，中国学生由于受汉语“固然但是的影响，常犯thoughalthough之后与but连

13、用的错误，但是之后可与nevertheless，still连用。见下例：Thoughbewasill，buthewenttoschool错Thoughhewasill，hewenttoschool对假如讲话人一定要强调“但是之意，能够在hewenttoschool之前加个副词yet。另一点要注意的是，词组asthough、eventhough的though不能改作although，由于它们是固定词组。在近代英语中，though作连词使用时，与although的差异已有日渐缩小的倾向，一般讲来，though比although使用得普遍得多。nevertheless“尽管如此，然而，不过，仍然e.

14、g.Hewastired,buthekeptworkingnevertheless.=Hewastired;nevertheless,hekeptworking.尽管他累了，但他还继续工作。(Pp.10-12)课本语法练习答案如下：I.1.c2.d3.b4.f5.a6.e7.h8.gII.1.Mydecisiontoresignwaswise.2.Theirreadinesstoacceptthepeaceagreementreallysurprisedthediplomaticworld.3.Mydeterminationtopassthetesthelpedme.4.Herfailuret

15、ogetintocollegedisappointedherparents.5.Mywillingnesstocooperatewasappreciated.6.Hisrefusaltohelpsurprisedme.7.Theproposalthatweshouldimportmoreequipmentistobediscussedatthemeeting.8.Whocanhavetoldyouthatpuzzlesme.III.14DBCC58ABDBIV.1.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeape

16、rfectlytimedentrancebeforeeachlecture.2.Heworeglassesandafalsebeardsothatnobodywouldrecognizehim.3.ThestrangerspokeveryslowlysothatIcouldunderstandwhathesaid.4.Shelockedthedoorsothatshewouldntbedisturbed.5.Johnwhisperedsothatotherscouldnthearhim.6.Pleasearriveearlysothatwecanstartthemeetingontime.7.

17、Johnhasboughtabicyclesothathemaysavemoneyonbustravel.8.Thelecturershowedsomeslidessothathemightillustratehispoint.V.1.Although/Though2.yet3.however/though4.however/nevertheless/though5.Although/Though；still/nevertheless6.Despite/Inspiteof7.although/though8.however9.However10.Despite/InspiteofVI.1.We

18、havetogetthecarfixednomatterhowmuchitcosts.Youcantgoinnomatterwhoyouare.2.Hefinishedallthepaperworkatfiveoclock,gettingup,refillingtheteapot,thenhiscup.Andaddingatouchofskimmedmilk.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Writing(p.15)EssayWriting1.AnIntroductionDifferentkindsofessays:de

19、scriptive,narrative,expositive,persuasive(orargumentative)Structuralfeatures:adefinablebeginning,middleandending;acentralidea(orthethesis)2.SampleWhyKingsCollege?ThisparagraphwillexplainwhyIamgoingtoKingsCollege.ThefirstreasonIgotoKCisthatitissmall.Theclassesareeasytogettoontime,andifIhavetoruntothe

20、library,Icangettherequickly.Second,KCislocatedinasmalltown.IcanwalkanywhereIwanttogo.Third,thecostofgoingtoKCislow,andmostofthebooksarecheckedouttothestudentsinthelibrary.Fourth,theinstructorsarefriendlyandeasytofindduringtheirofficehours.ThisparagraphhasexplainedwhyIamattendingKingsCollege.SampleAn

21、alysisThesampleisaone-paragraphessay.Sentenceconstitutesthebeginningoftheessayandalsoservesasitsthesis.Sentences-aresupportingideasandmakeupitsbody.Sentenceistheendofthisessayandreiteratesitsmainidea.3.PracticeWriteaone-paragraphessayonthegiventopic:WhyIKept_asMyPet.SampleWhyIKeptaCatasMyPetMostpeop

22、lechoosetokeepcatsastheirpetsforsomesimilarreasons.Firstandforemost,Ithinkcatsarecute.Ilovetoseemycatmewingtobefed.Anditseemscatscandoalotofthingswiththeirbody.Theycurlupandburytheirfacewhentheysleep.Theyarchtheirbackinafrightenedanddefensivemode.Andevenfashionmodelstrytoimitate“catswalk.Second,cats

23、arecleananimals.Theydoatidy-upaftertheyeat.Theycanbetrainedtousecatlitterwhentheyhavetopeeandshitindoors.Third,catsarebetterthandogsinasensethatyoudonthavetowalkthem,whichcansavemealotoftrouble.Keepingpetscanbearatherpersonalchoiceandmyfirstpetcatwasgivenbymyfatherasabirthdaygift.Translation(P.13)I.

24、1.事实上，不管我怎样摆出一副成熟的样子，我感觉本人还是有一点大一新生的菜鸟气。2.新生手册上建议坐在前排，在教授面前摆出一幅聪敏、朝气的架势。3.整整三天，我单独品尝的只要耻辱和惭愧。偏巧门口有台快餐机，于是那三天我吃的全是里面各色垃圾食品。4.我曾以为那些笑声是恶意捉弄菜鸟新生的，原来那不过是大学校园里的开心一刻。II.1.听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。(distress)ExplanationIfyoudistresssomeone,youupsetthembydoingorsayingsomethingthatcausesthemtofeelunhappyoralarmed.Tr

25、anslationItdistressedmeagreatdealtohearthenewsthathehadsufferedrepeatedfailures.Practice假如我问了你的这一切使你感到苦恼，我很抱歉。ImsorryifIvedistressedyoubyaskingallthis.请不要自寻烦恼。Pleasedontdistressyourself.2.他固然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子。(assume)Explanation:Ifyouassumeaparticularexpressionorwayofbehaving,youlookorbehaveinth

26、iswaydeliberatelyinordertogivepeopleaparticularimpression.TranslationHeassumedanairforcheerfulness,eventhoughhelostfavorwithhisboss.Practice文职官员们装出一副军人的样子。Civilservantsassumeacertainmilitaryair.他装出一副悔过的样子。Heassumedanexpressionofpenitence.3.格列foGulliver经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。assortmentTranslationGulliver

27、metwithextraordinaryadventuresandsawastrangeassortmentofpeople.4.假如你再犯同样的错误，他会对你非常生气的。(furious)ExplanationWhenyouarefuriouswith/atsb.orsth.,youareextremelyangryorannoyedwithhim/atit.TranslationHewillbefuriouswithyouifyourepeatthesamemistake.Practice他为没有更早明白这件事而对本人非常生气。Hewasfuriouswithhimselffornotre

28、alizingitsooner.他由于她所做的事情而大发雷霆。Hewasfuriouswithheratwhatshehaddone.5.我们都被他的坦率的观点、诙谐的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。(draw)ExplanationIfsomethingdrawsyou,itissointerestingornoticeablethatyoulookatitormovetowardsit.TranslationWewereallgreatlydrawnbyhisfrankviews,humorouswordsandgenialmanner.Practice收音机的声音吸引了孩子们的注意。Then

29、oiseoftheradiodrewthechildren.这部好莱坞大片为了吸引大批观众，动用了很多大牌明星。TheHollywoodblockbusterhasusedmanybigstarstodrawalargeaudience.6.等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开场演讲。(diedown)ExplanationIfsomethingdiesdown,itbecomesverymuchquieterorlessintense.TranslationAfterthecheeringapplausedieddown,theNobelPrizewinnerbeganhisspee

30、ch.Practice她等到笑声渐渐停止。Shewaiteduntilthelaughterhaddieddown.既然这名妇女已经死了，这些闲言碎语也将很快消失。Thegossipwillsoondiedownnowthatthewomanisdead.7.他天生有一种十分的洞察力和预见力，因而，他很少随大流。(runwiththecrowd)TranslationHeisgiftedwithasortofinsightandforesight,soherarelyrunswiththecrowd.8.我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全根据本人的理想去生活。(liveupto)Exp

31、lanationIfsomeoneorsomethinglivesuptowhattheywereexpectedordesiredtobeordo,theyareasgoodastheywereexpectedordesiredtobe.TranslationIfeelrealitiesareafterallveryharsh,soonecanhardlyliveupentirelytohisideals.Practice这部电影没有我期望的那么好。Thefilmdidntliveuptomyexpectations.你没能实现本人的诺言。Youhavefailedtoliveuptoyou

32、rpromises.III.我上大学的头几天颇为难忘。爸妈驾车离开，将我单独留在校园里，我不知所措。不管怎样努力装成熟，我就是摆脱不了大一新生的感觉。我花了好几个小时，搞清了我选修课程所在的各个教室。第二天早上，我坐在教室的前排，打开美国文学选集，抖擞精神准备听课。但教师却讲“欢迎选修生物课，我意识到本人坐错了教室。我用铁一样的意志，摆出了一幅生物专业学生的姿态，一直坚持到讲座结束。下课以后，我感到我的胃需要加点营养，于是匆匆赶往自助餐厅。但不幸的是，当我端着餐盘朝着桌子走去时，脚底一滑，盘子翻倒，我失去了平衡，扑倒在地上。好几天，我都倍感侮辱。过后，我渐渐地意识到本人把这种微缺乏道的小事看得

33、过重了。在大学里，重要的是做自然的“我，发现真正的“我，而不是试图把一切都做得尽善尽美。ExercisesforIntegratedSkills(p.14)1.DictationTherearegenerallytwoeducationalmethods:/thelecturemethodandthegrouplearningmethod./Inalectureclassroom,/theteacherdominatestheclass/bydoingmostofthetalking./Studentslistenandtakenotes./Thismethodisbestatpassingo

34、ncontenttostudents./Itpreparesstudentsforasociety/thatvaluesdisciplineandself-control./Theproblemisthatstudentsforgetmostofthefacts/thattheyhavemechanicallymemorized./Incontrast,/theteacherofagrouplearningclassroom/appearstohavenodefiniteroleatall,/wanderingaboutfromgrouptogroup./Studentsdonotmemori

35、seinformation,/buttheyactivelygeneratetheirownideas,/eachcontributinginsightsforthesuccessofthegroup./Thismethodpreparesstudentsforasociety/thatvaluescreativeideas./Thedisadvantageisthat/studentshavenotmemorisedenoughbasicfacts.2.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEwordyouthinkappropriate.Academi

36、csuccess(1)_inmanyforms.Formoststudents,itsastellartranscriptthatopensdoorsintogreatjobsorgreatgraduateschools.For(2)_,academicsuccessalsoincludes(3)_happensoutsideoftheclassroom.Withsomuch(4)_onincollege,though,howcanyoumakesureyoureheadeddownapathtowardtrueacademicsuccessandtowardatrulyrewardingco

37、llegeexperience?Youmayarriveatcollegeknowingthatyouaredestinedtobecomeateacher,alawyer,adoctor,oranengineer.Oryoumayarrive(5)_havingtheslightestideaaboutwhatyouwanttomajorin.Nomatterwhichendofthespectrumyoureon,however,youshouldletyourselfexploreeverythingthatyourschoolhasto(6)_academically.Takeclas

38、sesinasubjectyouvenevertakenbefore.Followapassionthatdoesnt(7)_toyourmajor.Justletyourselfreallylearnfromyourenvironment.Therewillundoubtedlybealotofpeoplegivingyouadviceaboutwhatyoushoulddoduringandafter(8)_.Andwhileyoumaybeinschooltolearn,youwill,atsomepoint,havetodrawyourownlineinthesand.Pickacar

39、eerandcourseofstudythatsuitsyou,(9)_yourparents.Payattentiontothefireinyourbellyandlearnwhatyouretrulypassionateabout.Makesureyourehappyatyourschool.Andonceyouvemadeachoice,feelconfidentinyourdecisionanddoallyoucanto(10)_fromtheresourcesaroundyou.Keys(1)comes(2)others(3)what(4)going(5)not(6)offer(7)

40、relate(8)college(9)not(10)learn讲明：(1)Thissentencelacksapredicateofintransitiveverb,meaning“tohappenor“tooccur.(2)Afterformoststudents,hereanechoingstructureisnaturallyexpected.(3)Grammaticallyspeaking,inthissentence,includesneedsanobjectwhereashappensoutsidetheclassroomatthesametimerequiresforasubje

41、ct.Intermsofthemeaning,itcanbeinferredfromthecontextas“academicsuccessalsoincludesthethingthathappensoutsidetheclassroom.Apronoun,whichleadsanobjectclauseandfunctionsas“thethingthat,isrequiredhere.(4)Herefollowingwithsomuch,anounorgerundisexpected.Incollegeisaseparatephrase,leavingonpendingtocombine

42、withthepreviousmissingword,whichhintsataphrasethatmeansalotofthingsaretakingplaceorhappening.(5)Youmayarriveatcollegeknowingsomething,“oryoumayarrivenotknowinganything.Orherestronglysuggestsacontrastinmeaning,whichisalsosuggestedbythefollowingexpressionendofthespectrumyouareon.Inthemeantime,thesligh

43、testoftencollocateswithnegations,andnottohavetheslightestideaisanaturalexpressiontomean“tohavenoidea.Here,beforetheingparticiplehaving,awordofnegationisexpected.(6)Aftertheinfinitivemarker“to,thebasicformofaverbisnaturallyexpected.“Thatleadsinanattributiveclausetomodify“everything,whichservesastheob

44、jectofthisverb.Thenextsentenceindicatesanantonymof“takeisrequiredhere. (7)ThissentencefurtherillustratestheprevioussentenceTakeclassesinasubjectyouvenevertakenbefore.Naturally,thepassionandyourmajorshouldnotberelated.After“doesnt,thebasicformofaverbisnaturallyexpected.Anditmustbeabletocollocatewith“

45、to.(8)Afterthetwoprepositionsduringandafter,anounorgerundisneeded.Thewholepassagetalksaboutlifeincollege.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthattheadvicepeoplegiveyouconcernswithyourlifeduringandaftercollege.(9)Howtodrawyourownlineinthesand?Thenextsentenceshouldfurtherexplainthisideaand“yourownlinestresse

46、sthecontrastbetweenyourowndecisionandyourparentschoice.Soanegationisnaturallyexpectedhere.(10)Judgingfromthecontextandthelogicofthepassage,thissentenceechoestherepeatedmessageinthepreviouspart,e.g.“Justletyourselfreallylearnfromyourenvironment.Aftertheinfinitivemarker“to,thebasicformofaverbisnaturallyexpected.