常见的字母与字母组合发音规则_1.docx

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1、常见的字母与字母组合发音规则常见的字母与字母组合发音规则I元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则元音字母的发音一元音字母a1.重读开音节/ei/paper；late；make；lake；face2.重读闭音节/?/bag；fat；cat；ladder；mass*例外：any一些/e/；many很多/e/3.非重读音节/?/或/i/即：/?/ago；along；among；above；aloud/i/comrade；village；manager；palace；private；necklace*连续一样的辅音字母，一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder，village.4.在字母w或w

2、h后面，发/?/was；wash；what；want；(*例外：water水/?:/)5.a在诸如-ance；-ask；-ass；-ast；-ath组合里，重读时均发/a:/即：dance；France；chanceask；mask；task；basketclass；grass；glass；pass；*例外：mass/?/fast；cast；past；last；master；father；path；bath；(*例外：maths/?/)二元音字母e1.重读开音节/i:/me；he；she；these；evening2.重读闭音节/e/hen；get；set；tell；echo3.非重读音节/i

3、/useless；ticket；basket；pocket；before；below；三元音字母i或y1.重读开音节/ai/China；try；my；hi；time；guide；2.重读闭音节/i/sit；hit；ill；little；system；3.非重读音节/i/unit;study四元音字母o1.重读开音节/?u/no；so；go；home；photo；2.重读闭音节/?/not；hot；box；fox；cock；cost；上一页下一页3.非重读音节/?/purpose；concern4.o在字母m，n，v或th之前，均发/?/son；month；come；ton；(*例外：Tom/?

4、/)love；dove；glove；above；anothermother；brother；become；some5.两个单词：woman/wu-m?n/女人单数；women/wi-min/女人复数五元音字母u1.重读开音节/ju:/pupil；student；use；cube2.重读闭音节/?/或/u/即：/?/cut；luck；umbrella；us/u/put；full；pull3.非重读音节/?/autumn;August；support元音字母组合的拼读规则一元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中/ei/rain；train；brain；painday；may；play；st

5、ay；lay*ay在非重读音里/i/或/ei/Sunday；Monday；Tuesday；Thursday；Friday2.al+绝大多数辅音字母/?:/small；wall；call；talk；walk；chalk或/?:l/also；always*al后面是k时，只发/?:/al+f或m时，al发/a:/half；calm-al在词尾非重读/?l/medal；metal；(例外canal运河，重音在后/?l/)3.-ance在重读时/a:ns/chance；dance；France在非重读时/?ns/importance；performance；ambulance4.-ant非重读/?nt

6、/assistant；important；peasant5.-ange一般/eind?/change；danger；strange;(*但orange/ind?/)6.-age一般/id?/village；carriage；marriage7.-ask一般重读时/a:sk/ask；mask；task;basket8.-ass一般重读时/a:s/class；glass；grass；pass；(*但mass/?/)9.-ast一般重读时/a:st/last；past；fast；cast-aste一般/eist/waste；paste；taste10.-ath一般/a:/bath；path；(*但m

7、aths/?/)或/a:e/father；rather；(*但gather/?e/)11.-au一般/?:/cause；autumn;August；(*但because/?/)-augh(t)/?:(t)/caught；taught；daughter(*例外：laugh/la:f/)12.-aw/?:/draw；saw；law；awful上一页下一页13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发/?/was；wash；want；what；(*但water/?:/)14.-ar重读音时/a:/party；car；farm；army；yard；hard；star在字母w或音/w/后面时/?:/war；warm；

8、warn;towards；*quarter在非重读音时/-?/beggar；dollar；solar15.-are一般/-?/hare；bare；dare；stare；rare；care；parent16.-air一般/-?/chair；fair；hair；pair；stair；repair17.-able一般/eibl/able；cable；table；stable二元音字母e的组合1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：-ea/i:/team；meat；lead；teach；read；mean；please；steal-ea/e/threat；bread；meant；read(过去式和过去

9、分词)；peasant-ea/i?/real；really-ea/ei/great；break2.-ee/i:/feel；week；keep；three；steel；street；sweep；see*但是一个例外：coffee/i/3.-eer/i?/deer；pioneer；engineer；volunteer4.-er重读音节/?:/her；term；service；Germany非重读/?/worker；paper；western；teacher特殊读法/a:/clerk5.-ere/i?/here；mere-ere或者发/?/there；where6.-ear有三种音，分别是；-ear

10、/i?/ear；dear；near；clear；tear(n.)；beard-ear/?:/early；earth；learn；heard-ear/a:/heart*tear作为动词时，发/?/7.-ei/ei/eight；weigh；weight-ei/ai/height-ei/i:/receive8.-ey重读/ei/they；hey；survey-ey重读/i:/key-ey非重读/i/monkey；donkey；valley；volleyball*-et非重读/it/pocket；ticket；rocket9.-ew一般/ju:/new；few；knew-ew或者发/u:/grew；t

11、hrew-ew还能够发/?u/sew10.-ege/id?/college11.-est/ist/biggest；modest；happiest；12.词尾的-ed在浊音后/d/lived；studied-ed在清音后/t/worked；finished-ed在字母t或d后/id/wanted；needed上一页下一页三元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发/i:/field；piece；achieve-ie在词尾/ai/lie；die；tie2.-igh(t)在重读音节/ai(t)/high；night；light；bright3.-ir在重读音节/?:/girl；f

12、irm；circle；first；third4.-ire在重读音节/ai?/fire；tired；hire；retired；wire5.-ild/aild/child；wild6.-ind/aind/find；kind；mind；wind；(*但window/ind/)7.-ing/i?/king；wing；sing；doing；making8.-(a)tion/(ei)?n/nation；pronunciation；information；composition-stion/t?n/question-sion/?n/或/?n/mission责任；precision精细9.-ye在词尾/ai/

13、good-bye；bye-bye10.-ist/ist/list；fist；四元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时/?u/boat；coat；road；goat；toad-oar在重音时/?:/blackboard；aboard2.-oi，-oy在重音时/?i/boiler；point；join；oilboy；toy；joy；loyal3.-oo一般/u:/soon；too；zoo；room；noon；food；mood；boot；moon*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroom/u/等等。在字母k或有时在t，d之前时/u/cook；look；book；took；fo

14、ot；good；4.-or在重音时/?:/for；horse；important；morning；born-or在字母w后面/?:/work；word；world；worse；worth(*但是wore，worn例外，均发/?:/)-or在非重音时/?/monitor；doctor；professor；forget；forwards；forgive；conductor5.-oar一般/?:/board；aboard；blackboard6.-oor一般/?:/或在美式英语里发/?/door；floor-oor还发/u?/poor7.-ore在重音时/?:/snore；more；before；f

15、oreign；forest8.-ou一般/au/shout；loud；round；found-ou还发/?/country；countryside；trouble-ou还发/u:/wound；wounded9.-ough(t)发/?:(t)/ought；brought；bought；fought；thought(*例外：cough/k?f/)10.-oe/?u/toe；hoe；Joe11.-old/?uld/old；hold；cold；told12.-ost/?ust/post；most；host；ghost(*例外cost/?st/)13.-our在重音时/au/sour；our；hour；

16、上一页下一页还发/?:/four；course；pour还发/u?/tour；gourd-our在词尾(非重音)/?/colour；neighbour；favourite14.-ow在重音时/au/now；cow；down；how；town-ow在重音或非重音中/?u/low；yellow；below；follow；growtomorrow；window；widow；know；show五元音字母u的组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b，p或f之后，均发/u/如：full；bull；pull；push；bush字母l，r或j+u构成的开音节，u发/u:/rule；true；blue；J

17、une2.-ue在词尾/ju:/argue；continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发/u:/fruit；juice-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发/i/，如：build；guilty；biscuit(*即就是讲字母u不发音)4.-ur在重音时/?:/turn；return；Thursday；nurse；purse在非重音时/?/surprise；Saturday-ure在重音时/(j)u?/pure/ju?/；manure/ju?/；sure/u?/-ture发/t?/picture；future；mixture(II)辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则辅音字母一

18、般都发字母本身音，只要一些是特殊的，下面试列举如下:1.b在一般情况下/b/back；big；lab；brotherb和u在一起，u常发/i/building；build；busy-bt一般/t/debt；doubt2.c在字母e，i或y前面时/s/city；Bruce；juice；bicycle；face；centralc在字母a，o或u，或者在辅音字母前/k/cup；cold；cattle；duck；bicycle；cap；cut；class；c在词尾时也发/k/，但后面有e，那还发/s/gymnastic/k/；music/k/；grace/s/；Bruce/s/-cc在元音字母a，o，

19、u和辅音字母之前/k/occasion；according；occupy；acclaim在元音字母e和i之前/ks/accent；success-ci有时发/?/social-ch有三种音/t?/k/或/?/如下：/t?/China；rich；chick；chalk/k/school；chemist；chemistry；chemical；ache；technology/?/machine；parachute；moustache-tch/t?/catch；match；fetch；hatch；butcher-ck/k/duck；luck；ticket；pocket；black；cock3.d在一般

20、情况下/d/did；made；desk；duck；doubt；damage上一页下一页-ds发/dz/birds；handsdr在元音字母前/dr/dry；dress；driver；drill-dge一般/d?/bridge；fridge；judge；edge4.f在一般情况下/f/five；flag；life；leaf5.g在字母e，i或y前面/d?/large；general；gymnastics；age；energy*例外：give；forgive；get；forget等，g都发/g/在字母a，o或u，或者在辅音字母前/g/goat；game；guard；ghost；glass在词尾也发

21、/g/big；egg；fig；flag-gn/n/，即g不发音foreign；sign；gnaw-gh发/f/或/-/(*既不发音)/-/high；thought；light；brought/f/laugh；cough-dge发/d?/bridge；knowledge；judge*gue-，gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音guess；guest；guard；guide而-gue在词尾发/g/league；colleague6.h在一般情况下/h/help；behave；hello；hit；hurryh在字母r或x后面不发音rhino；exhibition7.j在一般情况下/d?/joy

22、；judge；injure；journey；January；jar；just8.k在一般情况下/k/king；milk；kick；kiss；lock；knockk后面是n时，k不发音，即kn发/n/knock；knee；know；knowledge；knife9.l在元音字母前发/l/(*即“勒音，供参考)light；look；let；lab；livel在辅音字母或词尾时发/l/(*即“尔音，供参考)cold；sell；chalk10.m在一般情况下/m/meet；meat；mother；come；make；Tomm后面是b时，b不发音，即-mb发/m/comb；tomb；climb；bomb

23、er11.n在一般情况下/n/in；now；next；ton；nestn在m后面时，n常不发音，即-mn发/m/autumn；column但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的autumnal；columnist-ng常发/?/或/?g/发/?/sing；king；English;young发/?g/finger；younger；language-nk常发/?k/bank；sink；sank；sunk；ink；thank12.p在一般情况下/p/map；cap；people；pest-ph/f/photo；phantom；philosophy；physics；phrase13.que在一般情

24、况下/k/unique；chequequ一般发/kw/quarter；quick；quilt；quiet；quite；queen14.r在元音字母前才发音/r/(*即音同“略供参考)room；read；rest；aroundr在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音car；star；jarrh在元音字母前只发/r/rhyme；rhino；rhetoric15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后，或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发/s/如：see；some；set；sister；works；lips；newspaper；yes；this注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发/s/音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成

25、相对应的浊辅音而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音，试举例如下：如：school-音标/sku:l/，而习惯念成/sgu:l/street-音标/stri:t/，而习惯念成/sdri:t/stubborn-音标/st?bn/，而习惯念成/sd?bn/student-音标/stju:d?nt/，而习惯念成/sdju:d?nt/上一页下一页space-音标/speis/，而习惯念成/sbeis/steal-音标/sti:l/，而习惯念成/sdi:l/就是这样，像这样的单词还有很多。这里只列举这么多了。s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发/z/如：these；nose；lose；rise；wis

26、dom；observe词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后即在浊音之后，发/z/如：pigs；plays；flags；eggs；toys；boys词尾的，s，在长元音之后，发/z/hers；yourss还能够发/?/sure；Russia-sh一般发/?/sheep；ship；wish；show；shift；fish-sch一般情况下/sk/school；scheme(计划)-sion一般情况下/?n/tension；succession在元音字母后/?n/decision；conclusion-sure在元音字母后/?/measure；pleasure16.t在一般情况下/t/tooth；cat；te

27、ach；tool；hitcut；let；ten；table；taste；-th一般发/或/e/，即发/thin；tooth；youth；think；thigh发/e/that；with；this；these；those-tr/tr/try；trust；trip；trouble；tree；street-tion/?n/information；organization；pronunciation；production(*一个例外：question/t?n/)-ture/t?/picture；mixture；future17.v在一般情况下/v/very；live；vehicle；vase；vall

28、ey；village18.w在元音字母之前/w/wear；window；widow；week；weak；wisdomwr/r/write；wrong；wrist；writtenwh/h/who；whom；whose；wholewh/w/what；which；when；where；whyaw/?:/draw；saw；law；lawyer；awfulew/ju:/few；threw；grew；knew；newow/?u/own；owner；low；slow；know；belowow/au/now；cow；crown19.x在一般情况下/ks/box；fox；next；textile位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发/gz/exam；exist；anxiety20.y在元音字母之前/j/you；youth；yes；young21.z在一般情况下/z/zoo；quiz；zebra；zero；zipper上一页下一页