英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇.docx

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1、英语科普阅读材料双语科技4篇英语科普阅读材料双语科技4篇一我们怎样在28小时内到达火星？(1)二饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理(9)三人们能否应该接受人造肉(29)四为什么现代手机电池还是这么不经用(40)一我们怎样在28小时内到达火星？HowCouldWeGetToMarsInOnly28Hours?EveryonealwayswantstogettoMars.每个人都总是渴望去火星Unfortunately,thejourneywouldbealongone,不幸的是依靠我们目前的技术takinghundredsofdaysoftravelwithourcurrenttechnology.这趟旅途

2、将会特别漫长长达几百天Well,whatifwecouldshortenthattimetoonlyamatterofdays试想假如我们不使用宇宙飞船bythrowingawayourspaceships而是用一些在太空中急速穿梭的东西andusingsomethingthatsalreadyzoomingacrossspace?这趟旅程能够缩短到几天？Imtalkingaboutcomets.我讲的是彗星Cometsarebigolcosmicsnowballs,彗星是一个由冻结气体岩石和尘埃madefromfrozengases,rock,anddust组成的宏大雪球thatendupo

3、rbitingtheSunaftertheotherplanets当其他行星试图把彗星扔向地球triedthrowingthematEarthandmissed.但没成功时它们便围绕地球飞行Well,thatlastpartprobablyisnttrue.当然最后那部分可能是假的Everyoneknowsthattheplanetsonlyhavewatergunbattles.我们都知道行星上只要水枪之战Nottomention,cometscanactuallybeprettybig.更不必讲彗星实际上可能非常大Frozen,youcouldprobablylikenthemtoabou

4、tthesizeofasmalltown.这些雪球你能够把它们比做一个小镇那么大However,whenthesethingsgetclosetotheSunintheirorbit,然而它们在本人的轨道环形并接近太阳时theycanbegintoheatup.会逐步变热Thentheystartspewingdustandgases,接着喷涌出尘埃和气体formingagiantglowinghead.构成一个宏大的发光脑袋Huh.IthoughtonlyIhadthatproblem.哈我以为只要我有这个顾虑Luckilyenough,ifwewanttouseoneofthesethin

5、gsforstellartravel,幸运的是假如我们想用其中一个彗星进行星际旅行wehavequiteafewtochoosefrom!我们的选择有很多！AccordingtoNASA,根据美国航天局therearearound3,600cometsthatwecurrentlyknowof.我们目前已知的彗星约有3600颗Beyondthat,itsbelievedthattherearebillionsofothercometsoutthere此外据讲在遥远的柯伊伯带还有数十亿颗彗星orbitingourSunintheKuiperBeltandevenmoredistantOortCl

6、oud.甚至是更远的奥尔特云围绕着太阳运行的Whatmakescometsgreatforgettingaroundinspace彗星能够穿梭星际isthattheycangoSUPERfast.是由于其速度极快Yeah,thisbabycanfly!是的这小东西会飞！Howfasttheyretravellingdependsonabunchofdifferentfactors,它们的速度取决于多种不同因素buttheycantravelanywherefromafewthousandkilometersperhour,但在一定条件下它们的速度能够从时速几千公里toover160,000ki

7、lometersperhourundercertainconditions.到达每小时超16万公里在任何地方飞行Infact,in2021,scientistsatNASArecorded2021年美国航天局的科学家们记录了acomettravelingatnearly600kilometerspersecondasitdovetowardtheSun.一颗秒速六百公里驶向太阳的彗星Thatsover2/million/kilometersperhour!那超过了两百万公里每小时！Toputthatinperspective,就此瞻望ifwecouldtravelat2millionkilom

8、etersperhour,假如我们能以每小时两百万公里的速度飞行thenwecouldgettoMarsfromEarthinaround28hours,我们能够在一天多的时间里justlittlemorethanasingleday,约28小时就能够完成火星之旅assumingthetwoplanetswereclosetogetherintheirorbits.假设轨道上有两颗行星距离很近Lininguptheplanetsistheleastofourworriesthough.我们能够在可控范围内排列行星Whilecometscangosuperfast,彗星的速度超快gettingt

9、othemwouldbeabigproblem.登上彗星仍会是一大问题Thatsbecause,notevenconsideringhowharditwouldbetoactuallycommandeerone,由于我们甚至没有考虑控制一个彗星有多难cometsjustdonttypicallygetthatclosetoEarth.彗星一般离地球很远Hale-Bopp,acometthatmadethenewsabouttwodecadesago,大概二十年前新闻上报道了海尔-波普彗星cameclosertoEarththanmostcometsdo,它比大多彗星更靠近地球anditwass

10、tillabout200millionkilometersaway.但还是有约两百万公里的距离WemightaswelljustgostraighttoMarsatthatpoint!照那样我们还不如直接去火星吧！EvenifacometdidcomebyEarth,即便彗星确实经过地球weassumethatitstrajectoryistowardsMars,我们也断定它的轨道是朝着火星的andweignorethatitwouldlikelybeinitsmoregassy,less-solidstate,并且我们忽略了它可能更多的是气体而非固态物质youdstillhavetokeep

11、yourselfaliveonthecomet.你还要在彗星上生存下去Iguessifitsonlyadayorsothenfoodandwaterwouldbelessofanissue我猜假如只是一天左右那食物和水就不是问题了sincethealienswoulddefinitelyfeedyouoncewegotthere,由于一旦我们到了那里外星人肯定会伺候我们的butyoudstillhavetoworryaboutoxygenandprotectingyourselffromspace.但你仍要担忧氧气并且保护本人远离太空Youwouldneedabout0.84kilograms

12、ofoxygenaday,你天天约需0.84公斤的氧气soyoubettergrabaspacesuitandtakeabigbreathbeforejumpingonthecomet.所以跳上彗星前你最好穿上宇航服深吸一口气Soyeah,usingcometsasameansofspacetravelisprobablynotthatviableintheend.所以利用彗星进行太空旅行或许并不可行SometimesIlikedoingthesethoughtexperiments,youknow,有时我喜欢做这些思维实验andthenrealizingthattheycantwork.然后

13、意识到不可能实现Butitsstillinteresting!仍然它仍很有趣！Thatshowwelearnpeople!这也是咱认识人类的方法！Sodoyouhaveanyquestionsaboutspacethatyouwantmetoanswer.你有关于太空的疑问想要我解答？Anyplanetsthatweshouldcovernext?接下来我们要讲哪些行星？Letmeknowrightnowinthecommentsectionbelow!请立即在下方评论区告诉我吧！Curioustoknowwhatwouldhappenifyouweretrappedontheinternat

14、ionalspacestation?我很好奇假如你被困在国际空间站会发生什么？WeteamedupwithourfriendWilliamOsmantoanswerthatquestion.我们会与我们的朋友WilliamOsman一起为你解答ISSactuallygetsitspowerfromsolararraysmadeupofthousandsofsolarcells.国际空间站的能量来自上万个太阳能电池组成的阵列Thesearrayscanefficientlycovertsolarenergyintoelectricalpower.这些阵列能够有效地将太阳能转换成电能Typical

15、lyproducingmorepowerthanthestationneedsatonetime.通常在同一时间产生超出所需的电力二饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理TheEngineeringoftheDrinkingBirdThistoyhasfascinatedmesincechildhood.我从小就对这个玩具着迷Tomeitsmotionisalmosthypnotic.对我来讲它的运动就像是催眠Hereshowitoperates.它是这样运转的Wetthebirdbeakthoroughlywithroomtemperaturewater.将鸟喙完全浸透在室温的水中Theopaquecont

16、ainermakesitlookedchilled,不透明容器使它看起来冷淬了butitisnt其实并没有Thenstanditupright然后让它直立Itwilltakeafewsecondsforittostartdrinking它要等几秒钟后才开场喝水Noticethatalloftheactionrightnowtakesplaceinthestemhere注意如今所有的运动都发生在躯干这里Aslspeeduptheaction当我快进这个经过youseeliquidrisingandthebirdrockingbackandforth.能够看见液面上升饮水鸟开场前后摇摆IfIret

17、urntonormalspeed,假如调回常速播放youcanseethebirdslowly能够看到饮水鸟渐渐地very,veryslowly.非常非常慢地Rockforward向前摆动Untilittakesadrink,直到它喝到了水whichitwilldoagainandagain.然后一遍又一遍地重复此经过InthisvideoIlldetailthebirdscleverengineeringdesign,在本视频中我将详述这只鸟精妙的工程设计explainhowitusesthermodynamics,说明它是怎样运用热力学知识andlinkitsactiontosomeoft

18、hegreatest将其运动与一些工程师创造的andmostimpactfuldevicescreatedbyengineers.伟大且影响深远的装置联络起来的Thistoyhaslonghistory,这个玩历史悠久butitscurrentincarnationisduetoMilesV.Sullivan它的当前形态是由贝尔实验室一名科学家ascientistatBellLabs.MilesV.Sullivan创造的Hespecializedinmethodsofmanufacturingsemiconductors,他专精于研究制造半导体的方法butasasidelineinvented

19、toys.发明玩具是他的副业ItsreportedthatthisbirddelightedU.S.PresidentHerbertHoover,据讲这只饮水鸟深得美国总统赫伯特胡fo喜欢anengineerwhofailedtofigureouthowitworked,作为一名工程师他没搞懂它的工作原理anditalsodefeatedthegreatscientistAlbertEinstein,而且它还难倒了伟大的科学家艾尔伯特爱因斯坦whospentthreeandhalfmonthsstudyingit.爱因斯坦花了三个半月来研究它Itsreportedthatherefusedtotakethebirdapart.据报道他拒绝把这只鸟拆开Withthebenefitofhindsight,有了后见之明letsstartbyexploringhowitworks