智能电网供配电系统中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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1、智能电网供配电系统中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照资料外文翻译外文资料翻译Powersupplysystemofhigh-risebuildingdesignAbstract:withthecontinuousdevelopmentofcitysize,moreandmorehigh-risebuildings,thereforehigh-risebuildingelectricaldesigntothedesignershadtoface.Inthispaper,anengineeringexample,describestheelectricaldesignofhigh-risebuild

2、ingsandsomeofthemoretypicalissuesofuniversalsignificance,combinedwiththeactualpracticeofanengineeringsolutiontotheproblemdescribed.Keywords:high-risebuilding;electricaldesign;distribution;loadcalculation1ProjectOverviewThecommercialcomplexproject,withatotalconstructionareaof405570m2,onthegroundfloor

3、areaof272330m2,undergroundconstructionareaof133240m2,themainheightof99m.Projectcomponentsare:twoofficebuildings,constructionareais70800m2,28layers,thestandardstoryis3.2m.2LoadCalculation1)Loadcharacteristics:electricload,muchlargerthanthenationalcivilengineeringtechnicalmeasuresLarge120W/m2indicator

4、s,especiallyintheelectricityloadmorefood,anddifferenttypesoffoodandbeveragecateringdifferentculturalbackgroundsalsohigh.2)theuncertaintyofalargeload,becausethecommercialrealestaterentsareoftenbasedonmarketdemand,andconstantlyadjustthenatureoftheshops,makingtheloadinthedynamicchanges.3)Thereisnospeci

5、ficationandtechnicalmeasuresinthedifferenttypesofcommercialprojectsrefertothedetailedparametersoftheshops,engineeringdesignloadcalculationinthelackofdata,inmostcasestorelyonstaffwithpreviousexperienceinengineeringdesigncalculations.Loadtheselectionofparameters:fortheaboveproblems,theloadcalculation,

6、thefirstdeveloperofsalesandgoodcommunication,todeterminetheformoflayersoftheformsandnatureoffloorarea,whichiscalculatedonthebasisofelectricalloadbasis;followedtodetermineparameterindexwithintheunitareaofshopsisalsoveryimportantandcomplexbecausethereisnoclearindicatorofthespecificationcanreferto;andd

7、ifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelopmentbetweencitiesisnotbalanced,powerindicesarealsodifferent;willbeinthesamecity,differentregionshavedifferentconsumergroups.3)theneedtofactorinthechoice:parametersdetermined,theneedforloadcalculation.Needtofactorcommonlyusedmethod,thecalculationwillnotrepeatthem.Needto

8、exploreistheneedforcoefficientselection,whichinthecurrentspecifications,manualsandtheunifiedtechnicalmeasuresisalsonotclearrequirements,basedonyearsofdesignexperiencethatmostendshopsinthedistributionorlevelwithinthehouseholddistributionboxwithcaseKxgenerallytakeawhile,inthecalculationofthelooproutet

9、otake0.7to0.8,thedistributiontransformersinthesubstationcalculationstake0.4to0.6.3substationssetLoadcalculationbasedontheresultsofthisprojectthetotalinstalledcapacityoftransformer43400Kv.A,afterrepeatedconsultationswiththepowercompany,respectively,intheprojectinnorthern,centralandsouthernthreesectio

10、nssetthethreebuildingsintothreepowersubstations,1#set6sets2500Kv.Atransformersubstation,takethenorthernsectionofpowersupply;2#41600Kv.Atransformersubstationslocated,plus6sets2000Kv.Atransformers,takethemiddleofthepowersupply,inadditionto5Taiwan10Kv.Ahigh-pressurewaterchillers(total4000Kv.A);3#substa

11、tionlocated2unitsplus2units1000Kv.A2000Kv.Atransformers,takethesouthernsectionofA,Btwoofficesupply.10Kvpowerconfigurationofthisprojectintotwopoints,eachatthetwo10Kvlines,thepowercompanyundertheprovisionsof10Kvpowercapacity:maximumloadperchannelisaboutto11000Kv.A,twoisthe22000Kv.A,design#1,3#combinat

12、ionofasubstation10Kv,powerline,withatotalcapacityof21000Kv.A;2#substationtransformersand10Kv,10Kvchillerssharingapowerline,withatotalcapacityof22400Kv.A.Thedesignofthesubstationlayout,inadditiontomeetingregulatoryrequirements,italsoneedtoconsiderthehigh-pressurecabinets,transformersandlowvoltagepowe

13、rsupplycabinetbyorderofarrangement,especiallyinlowvoltagedistributioncabinettofeedthecablesmoothandeasyinspectiondutyproblemsarenotseriouslyconsidertheconstructionofthecablecrossingwillcausemorelongdetour,awasteoffloorspace,andconvenientinspectionsandotherissues【8】.4smallfireloadpowersupplyInthedesi

14、gnoflargecommercialprojectsoftenencountersmallfireloadofelectricalequipmentandmoredisperseddistribution,iffedbyasubstation,asubstationwillbefedalotoflow-voltagelow-currentcountercircuitbreakingcapacitycircuitbreakerandconductorofthedynamicandthermalstabilityinacertainextent.AccordingtoGB50045-1995fi

15、reprotectiondesignoftallbuildings,ruleshouldbeusedinFireEquipmentdedicatedpowersupplycircuit,thepowerdistributionequipmentshallbeprovidedwithclearsigns.Interpretationoftheprovisionsofthepowersupplycircuitmeansfromthelow-voltagemaindistributionroom(includingthedistributionofelectricalroom)tolastadist

16、ributionbox,andthegeneraldistributionlinesshouldbestrictlyseparated.Inthisdesign,theuseofmethodstoincreasethelevelofdistribution,thatisdifferentfromthesubstationbussegments,respectively,afirefedaspecialcircuit,setinplacetwodistributioncabinets,distributioncabinetsandthentheresultingradialallocatedto

17、theendofthedualpowertovoteeachbox,sothatnotonlymeetsthespecificationrequirementsfordedicatedpowersupplycircuit,butalsotoavoidfeedingthesubstationlevelofmanysmallcurrentloop.5,thechoiceofcircuitbreakerandconductorCommercialrealestateprojectsusetheroomastheuncertaintyinthechoiceofcircuitbreakersandcon

18、ductorsmustbeconsideredinacertainmargintomeettheneedscausedbyadjustmentoftheloadchanges.Accordingtothischaracteristic,increaseduseinthedesignoftheplugbus-powered,notonlymeettherequirementsoflargecarryingcapacity,andalsoallowstheflexibilitytoincreasesupplyanddistribution,arereservedineachshaftinthepl

19、ug-boxbackupinordertochange,accordingtochangesinupperandlowerload,toadjust.Forexample:abusisresponsibleforashaft1to3layersofpower,whenalayerduetothechangeincapacityincreases,whilethe3-layercapacityisreduced,youcanuseaspareplugboxlayeroffthe3-layer1layercapacityrationing.Thisleveldistributioninthesub

20、station,selectthecircuitbreakertochoosethesettingvaluewhenthecircuitbreakertoadjusttochangesattheendtoadjusttheloadsettingvalue;inthebusandthetransformercircuitbreakeraccordingtothechoiceofthegeneralframeworkofvaluestoselect.Forexample:Routecertainequipmentcapacity530Kv,Kxtake0.7tocalculatecurrentof

21、704A,selecttheframecircuitbreakeris1000A,tuningis800A;currenttransformerforthe1000/50;buscarryingcapacityforthe1000A,thisroadcanmeetthemaximum1000Acurrentloadrequirements,evenifthereisadjustment,powerdistributionswitchesandcircuitcannotmakebigchanges.6layerdistributionboxsetAccordingtothedivisionofl

22、ayersoffireprotectiondistrict,respectivelynumberedasAKlayerswithinthesetlevelshaftfortheretaillightingpowerdistributionbox,withoneononepowersupplyshopsinradialpower.Shouldbenotedthattheformsofthecomplexlayersoflayersoffirepartition,doesnotcorrespondtothelower,makingsomeofshaftpowerinchargeofthefired

23、istrictatthesametime,alsoresponsibleforthepowersupplyadjacenttothefiredistrict.Atdesigntime,usingtheprincipleofproximity,whilealsotakingintoaccounttheburdenofthewholetrunkloadconditions,sothateachshaftasfaraspossibleamorebalancedload.PrerequisitesTheloopthatyouwanttoauto-tunemustbeinautomaticmode.Th

24、eloopoutputmustbecontrolledbytheexecutionofthePIDinstruction.Auto-tunewillfailiftheloopisinmanualmode.Beforeinitiatinganauto-tuneoperationyourprocessmustbebroughttoastablestatewhichmeansthatthePVhasreachedsetpoint(orforaPtypeloop,aconstantdifferencebetweenPVandsetpoint)andtheoutputisnotchangingerrat

25、ically.Ideally,theloopoutputvalueneedstobenearthecenterofthecontrolrangewhenauto-tuningisstarted.Theauto-tuneproceduresetsupanoscillationintheprocessbymakingsmallstepchangesintheloopoutput.Iftheloopoutputisclosetoeitherextremeofitscontrolrange,thestepchangesintroducedintheauto-tuneproceduremaycauset

26、heoutputvaluetoattempttoexceedtheminimumorthemaximumrangelimit.Ifthisweretohappen,itmayresultinthegenerationofanauto-tuneerrorcondition,anditwillcertainlyresultinthedeterminationoflessthannearoptimalsuggestedvalues.Auto-HysteresisandAuto-DeviationThehysteresisparameterspecifiestheexcursion(plusormin

27、us)fromsetpointthatthePV(processvariable)isallowedtomakewithoutcausingtherelaycontrollertochangetheoutput.ThisvalueisusedtominimizetheeffectofnoiseinthePVsignaltomoreaccuratelydeterminethenaturaloscillationfrequencyoftheprocess.Ifyouselecttoautomaticallydeterminethehysteresisvalue,thePIDAuto-Tunerwi

28、llenterahysteresisdeterminationsequence.Thissequenceinvolvessamplingtheprocessvariableforaperiodoftimeandthenperformingastandarddeviationcalculationonthesampleresults.Inordertohaveastatisticallymeaningfulsample,asetofatleast100samplesmustbeacquired.Foraloopwithasampletimeof200msec,acquiring100sample

29、stakes20seconds.Forloopswithalongersampletimeitwilltakelonger.Eventhough100samplescanbeacquiredinlessthan20secondsforloopswithsampletimeslessthan200msec,thehysteresisdeterminationsequencealwaysacquiressamplesforatleast20seconds.Onceallthesampleshavebeenacquired,thestandarddeviationforthesamplesetisc

30、alculated.Thehysteresisvalueisdefinedtobetwotimesthestandarddeviation.Thecalculatedhysteresisvalueiswrittenintotheactualhysteresisfield(AHYS)ofthelooptable.TipWhiletheauto-hysteresissequenceisinprogress,thenormalPIDcalculationisnotperformed.Therefore,itisimperativethattheprocessbeinastablestateprior

31、toinitiatinganauto-tunesequence.Thiswillyieldabetterresultforthehysteresisvalueanditwillensurethattheprocessdoesnotgooutofcontrolduringtheauto-hysteresisdeterminationsequence.Thedeviationparameterspecifiesthedesiredpeak-to-peakswingofthePVaroundthesetpoint.Ifyouselecttoautomaticallydeterminethisvalu

32、e,thedesireddeviationofthePViscomputedbymultiplyingthehysteresisvalueby4.5.Theoutputwillbedrivenproportionallytoinducethismagnitudeofoscillationintheprocessduringauto-tuning.Auto-TuneSequenceTheauto-tuningsequencebeginsafterthehysteresisanddeviationvalueshavebeendetermined.Thetuningprocessbeginswhen

33、theinitialoutputstepisappliedtotheloopoutput.Thischangeinoutputvalueshouldcauseacorrespondingchangeinthevalueoftheprocessvariable.WhentheoutputchangedrivesthePVawayfromsetpointfarenoughtoexceedthehysteresisboundaryazero-crossingeventisdetectedbytheauto-tuner.Uponeachzerocrossingeventtheauto-tunerdri

34、vestheoutputintheoppositedirection.ThetunercontinuestosamplethePVandwaitsforthenextzerocrossingevent.Atotaloftwelvezero-crossingsarerequiredtocompletethesequence.Themagnitudeoftheobservedpeak-to-peakPVvalues(peakerror)andtherateatwhichzero-crossingsoccuraredirectlyrelatedtothedynamicsoftheprocess.Ea

35、rlyintheauto-tuningprocess,theoutputstepvalueisproportionallyadjustedoncetoinducesubsequentpeak-to-peakswingsofthePVtomorecloselymatchthedesireddeviationamount.Oncetheadjustmentismade,thenewoutputstepamountiswrittenintotheActualStepSizefield(ASTEP)ofthelooptable.Theauto-tuningsequencewillbeterminate

36、dwithanerror,ifthetimebetweenzerocrossingsexceedsthezerocrossingwatchdogintervaltime.Thedefaultvalueforthezerocrossingwatchdogintervaltimeistwohours.Figure1showstheoutputandprocessvariablebehaviorsduringanauto-tuningsequenceonadirectactingloop.ThePIDTuningControlPanelwasusedtoinitiateandmonitorthetu

37、ningsequence.Noticehowtheauto-tunerswitchestheoutputtocausetheprocess(asevidencedbythePVvalue)toundergosmalloscillations.ThefrequencyandtheamplitudeofthePVoscillationsareindicativeoftheprocessgainandnaturalfrequency.7publicareadistributionboxsetTakingintoaccountthefutureneedsofthebusinessre-decorati

38、onofpublicareasmustbereservedforpower.Herethedesignneedstoconsiderthefollowingpoints:questionofhowmuchreservepower,lightingandelectricity,whichaccordingtoGB50034-2004ArchitecturalLightingDesignStandardstableofArticle6.1.3and6.1.8,commercialbuildinglightingpowerdensityvalue,high-endsupermarkets,busin

39、essofficesas20W/m2,underthedecorativelightingincluded50%ofthetotallightingpowerdensitycalculationrequirements,usingthereservedstandard40W/m2.Inordertofacilitatethedecorationineachpartitionsetfirelightinginpublicareasandemergencylightingdistributionboxdistributionbox,inordertoidentifytheelectricalpow

40、erdistributiondecorationcut-offpoint.thestaircase,storageroomsandotherpartsofthedecorationdoesnotneedtodo,setthepowerdistributioncircuitoraseparatedistributionbox,trynottobereservedfromthepublicareaofelectricitydistributionboardfedhardcoverout.controloflightinginpublicareas,themajorityintwoways,name

41、ly,C-BUScontrolsystemortheBAsystem,theuseofC-BUShastheadvantageofmoreflexiblecontrol,eachroadcanbefedoutofcontrol,adjustablelightcontrol;shortcomingsisahighercost.BAsystemcontroladvantagesofusinglowcost,simplecontrol;disadvantageisthattheexchangesandcontactsforthethree-phase,three-waycontrolmayberel

42、atedbothtoopen,orboth,inthedecorationofthecontactsrequiredtofeedthepowersupplycircuitdivergetoavoidfailureblackouts.Designofdistributionbox8Inthecommercialrealestatedesign,shopdesignisoftenonlyameterbox,andoutletroutebacktotheneedsoftheuseraccordingtotheirseconddesign,buttheshopsaredifficulttoresolv

43、ewithinthepowersupplyfancoilunits,air-conditioningsystemasawholecannotdebug.Theprojectapproachistoaddacircuitbreakerinthemeterboxforthecoilpowersupply,anotherwayforuserstousetheseconddesign,asshownbelow.Userdistributionboxdesign9distributioncabinet/boxnumberanddistributioncircuitsLarge-scaleprojects

44、areoftenlowvoltagedistributioncabinet/boxnumber,low-voltagecircuitstofeedthemoreoftentherewillbecabinet/boxnumberandlinenumberduplication,resultinginthedesignandthefuturelooksdifficultmaintenanceandoverhaul.Theprojecthasthree10Kvsubstations,20transformer,hundredsoflow-voltagefedoutofthecloset,fedthe

45、circuitmore.AccordancewiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)andtheChinesenationalstandardrequirements:Allthedistributionnumbertobesimpleandclear,nottooboxandlinenumbersarenotrepeated.numbertosimpleandclear,nottoolong.distinctionbetweennatureandtypeofload.lawwaseasytofind,makevieweratagl

46、ance.Basedontheaboverequirementsandontheground,firedistrictandtheundergroundconstructionindustryformthedifferentconditions,usingtwoslightlydifferentways.Essentialfortheundergroundgarage,usesasinglecomparison,alsorelativelyfiredistrictneat,accordingtofiredistrictnumber,suchasAL-BL-1/1,APandAPE,themea

47、ningofthelettersandnumbers:ALonbehalfoflightingdistribution(APonbehalfofPowerdistributionbox,APEonbehalfoftheemergencypowerdistributionbox);BIonbehalfofthebasement;1/1forpartition1,Ifirebox.Abovegroundismorecomplex,morefiredistrict,andonthefiredistrictdoesnotcorrespondtothelower,accordingtoshaftnumb

48、erisbetter,suchasAL-1-A1,AP,andAPE,lettersandnumbersmean:1representsalayer;A1onbehalfofA,No.1shaftfedadistributionbox.Fedalow-voltagecircuits,suchasthenumberofuses:W3-6-AL-1-A1,W3-6)indicatesthattheroutebacktopowersupplytransformer3,6,feedthepowerdistributioncabinet,AL-1-A1,saidthethenthefirstloopof

49、thedistributionboxfortheAL-1-A1andsoon,andsoon.10ConclusionWithmoreandmorecomplexcommercialdesignprojects,designersneedtocontinuallyimprovethedesignlevel,designedtomakefine.Theseareonlybitsofthedesigninthebusinesslessonslearned,andthemajorityofdesignerswanttocommunicate译文：浅谈高层建筑供配电系统设计摘要：随着城市规模的不断发展，高层建筑越来越多，因而，高层建筑电气设计就成为设计者不得不面对的问题。本文结合工程实例，介绍了高层建筑电气设计中一些比拟典型且具有普遍意义的问题，结合某工程的实际做法阐述了问题的解决方法。关键词：高层建筑；电气设计；配电；负荷计算1工程大概情况本项目商业综合大楼，总建筑面