高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx

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1、高中语法之名词性从句精讲高中语法之名词性从句精讲一、考点聚焦1、名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1that的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoney.Sheexpre

2、ssedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在下面几种情况中that不能省略：A当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；B当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；C当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesintha

3、tsheworksharderthantheothersdo.that从句作主语和宾语时，能够用it来替换成下面几种构造表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthatBItisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat.CItissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthatDItseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.tha

4、t和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what能够分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常讲的先行词+that。如：Itsshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。假如句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表详细含义的名词后

5、解释名词的含义或内容，如下面名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定语从句2whether和if的用法。whether和if在宾语从句中能够互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhet

6、hertheywillcomeback.后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.whether能够引导同位语从句，用以讲明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.whether常与

7、or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether可以与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-tant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提早时用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherIllbefreeImnotsureatthemoment.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管、“无论，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.3疑问词

8、+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,

9、hemustbepunished.4when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致1宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但假如从句中表示提示的是客观现象，固然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般如今时。如：Hello,IdidntknowyouwereinLond

10、on.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.2主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，假如由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotb

11、eendecided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when解析：答案为C。此题考察的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最适宜。2.Id

12、rovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where解析：答案为A。此题考察的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。下面一句接着问：“那就是你为何离开的原因吗？故用why引导表语从句表示原因。3.Ihate_whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them解析：答案为A。此题考察的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了w

13、hen连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。名词性从句l_the2020OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingmakesthenationveryexcitedAWheneverBIfCWhetherDThat2TheheadmastermadeasuggestionthatthesportsmeetuntilnextSundayAWillbeputoffBwillputoffCputoffDbeputoff3isafactthatEnglishpeopleandAmericanpeoplesharealotofcustomsAThereBThisCThatDt

14、hat4DrBlackcomesfromeither0xfordofCambridge,IcantrememberAwhereBthereCwhichDthat5hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresentAWhatBThatCThefactDThematter6IrememberthisusedtobeaquietvillageAwhenBhowCwhereDwhat7Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?AhowIcangettoBhowcanIgettoCwhereIcangettoDwherecanIgetto8Weal

15、ltookforgrantedthathewouldagreewithusAitBhimCthatDwhat9ItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggreyAwhileBthatCifDfor10leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe1ightsAAnyoneBThepersonCWhoeverDWho11theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercarsAThat；howBWhat；howCWhat；thatDThat；that12Thereasonshegaveforno

16、tbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercomingAwhy；becauseBwhy；whetherCthat；thatDhow；thatl3IhavewillbeyourssoonerorlaterANomatterwhatBNomatterhowCWhateverDHowever14WordcameIwaswantedattheofficeAwhichBwhyCthatDwhether15ThetownisnolongeritwastenyearsagoAwhichBthatCwhatDwhen16Itisgenerallyconsideredunw

17、isetogiveachildbeorshewantsAhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever17Pleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffeeblackorwhite?AwhatBwhereCwhenDhow18Doyourememberbecame?Yes，IdoHecamebycarAhowBwhenCthatDifl9wecantgetseemsbetterthatwehaveAWhat；whatBWhat：thatCThat；thatDThat：what20IdrovetoZhuhaifortheAirShowlast

18、weekIsthatyouhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere21YoucantakemeasuresyouthinkgoodtodealwiththeproblemsAwhateverBhoweverCwhicheverDthose22hasmadeourcityDaliansheistaday?ItisthePartyspolicythathasmadeittakeonanewlookAWhat；thatBThat；whatCthere；soDThat；that23ItwasattheverybeginningMrWhitemadethedecisionw

19、eshouldsendmorefirefightersthereAthat：thatBwhen；whichCthere；whatDwhere；what24ItwasheworkedoutthemathsproblemthatwewantedtoknowAwhatBhowCthatDwhich25TherewillbeaspecialpriceforbuysthingsinlargenumbershereAwhoBwhomCwhoeverDwhomever26Irangyouaboutten，buttherewasnoreply0h，thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoc

20、torAwhenBwhyCwhatDthat27Mariahastobaby-sitThatsshecantcomeoutwithusAhowBwhyCwhenDwhat28surprisedmemostwastheyhadfinishedtheworksoquicklyAWhat：whatBThat；thatCWhat：thatDThat；what29YoucantimaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresentsAhowtheywereexcitedBhowexcitedtheywereChowexcitedweretheyDtheywerehowexcited名词性从句1-5DDDCA6-10CAABC11-15BCCCC16-20BDAAA21-25ACABC26-29ABCB