(项目管理)项目专业术语.docx

《(项目管理)项目专业术语.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(项目管理)项目专业术语.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、(项目管理)项目专业术语项目范围管理基准计划baseline概念开发conceptualdevelopment配置管理configurationmanagement控制系统controlsystem成本控制账户costcontrolaccounts成本加成合同cost-pluscontracts可交付成果deliverable里程碑milestone组织分解构造organizationbreakdownstructure,OBS项目收尾projectcloseout项目范围projectscope责任分配矩阵responsibilityassignmentmatrix,RAM范围基准计划sco

2、pebaseline范围蔓延scopecreep范围管理scopemanagement范围报告scopereporting范围讲明scopestatement工作讲明书statementofwork,SOW总承包合同turnkeycontracts工作分解构造代号WBScodes工作受权workauthorization工作分解构造workbreakdownstructure,WBS工作包workpackage项目风险管理可能性和后果分析(analysisofprobabilityandconsequences)变更管理(changemanagement)商业风险(commercialrisk

3、)应急储备金(contingencyreserves)合约/法律风险(contractual/legalrisk)控制和文档化(controlanddocumentation)穿插培训(cross-training)执行风险(executionrisk)财务风险(financialrisk)固定总价合同(fixed-pricecontract)违约赔偿金(liquidateddamage)管理应急金(managerialcontingency)指导(mentoring)项目风险(projectrisk)项目风险分析和管理(projectriskanalysisandmanagement,PRA

4、M)风险识别(riskidentification)风险管理(riskmanagement)风险缓解策略(riskmitigationstrategies)任务应急金(taskcontingency)技术风险(technicalrisk)项目团队的建设、冲突和会谈可接近性accessibility中止adjourning管理上的冲突(administrativeconflict)凝聚力(cohesiveness)冲突(conflict)跨职能合作(cross-functionalcooperation)差异化(differentiation)成立阶段(formingstage)挫败(frust

5、ration)基于目的的冲突(goal-orientedconflict)互动(interaction)互相依靠(interdependencies)个人之间的冲突(interpersonalconflict)会谈(negotiation)规范化阶段(normingstage)目的(orientation)结果(outcome)施行阶段(performingstage)物理位置上的接近(physicalproximity)原则性会谈(principlednegotiation)社会心理结果(psychosocialoutcomes)中断平衡(punctuatedequilibrium)冲突风暴

6、(storming)最高目的(superordinategoals)任务结果(taskoutcomes)团队建设(teambuilding)信任(trust)虚拟团队(virtualteams)成本估算和预算基于活动的估算ABC,activity-basedcosting自下而上的预算(bottom-upbudgeting)应急费用预算(budgetcontingency)成本估算(costestimation)赶工(crashing)最终估算(definitiveestimates)直接成本(directcosts)加速成本(expeditedcosts)可行性估算(feasibilitye

7、stimates)固定成本(fixedcosts)间接成本(indirectcosts)学习曲线(learningcurve)一次性成本(nonrecurringcosts)正常成本(normalcosts)参数估算(parametricestimation)项目预算(projectbudget)经常性成本(recurringcosts)分阶段预算(time-phasedbudget)自上而下的预算(top-downbudgeting)变动成本(variablecosts)项目进度计划：网络、历时估计和关键途径活动，也称任务(activity,ortask)双代号网络图法(activity-o

8、n-arrow)单代号网络图法(activity-on-node)箭线(Arrow)逆推法(backwardpass)分布(betadistribution)发散活动(burstactivity)并行活动(concurrentactivities)置信区间(confidenceinterval)赶工(crashing)关键途径(criticalpath)关键途径法criticalpathmethod()历时估计(durationestimation)最早开场时间(earlystartdate,ES)事件(event)浮动时差(float,orslack)正推法(forwardpass)集合活动

9、(hammockactivities)阶梯化活动(ladderingactivities)最晚开场时间(latestartdate)会聚活动(mergeactivities)网络图(networkdiagram)节点(node)排好序的活动(orderedactivities)途径(path)前置活动(predecessors)计划评审技术(programevaluationandreviewtechnique)项目网络图(projectnetworkdiagram,PND)项目计划编制(projectplanning)有限资源进度计划(resource-limitedschedule)范围(

10、scope)串行活动(serialactivities)后续活动(successors)任务(task)工作分解构造(workbreakdownstructure)工作包(workpackage)项目进度计划：滞后、赶工和活动网络活动也称任务activity,也称task双代号网络图activity-on-arrow,AOA单代号网络图activity-on-node,AON箭线(Arrow)逆推法(backwardpass)赶工(crashing)关键途径criticalpath虚活动dummyactivities最早开场时间(earlystartdate,ES)事件event浮动时差(fl

11、oat,orslack)正推法(forwardpass)甘特图Ganttchart滞后lag最晚开场时间(latestartdate)会聚merge节点node计划评审技术ProgramEvaluationandReviewTechnique,PERT串行活动serialactivities后续活动successors任务task,见activity关键链项目进度计划能力约束缓冲capacityconstraintbuffer,CCB中心极限理论centrallimitstheorem普通原因偏差commoncausevariation关键链criticalchain关键链项目管理critic

12、alchainprojectmanagement,CCPM鼓点drum鼓点缓冲drumbuffers多任务处理multitasking消极偏差negativevariation积极偏差positivevariation特殊原因偏差specialcausevariation学生综合症studentsyndrome约束理论theoryofconstraints,TOC资源管理平衡试探法levelingheuristics混合约束型项目mixed-constraintproject物质约束physicalconstraints资源约束型项目resource-constrainedproject资源约

13、束resourceconstraints资源平衡resourceleveling资源负载resourceloading资源负载图resource-loadingcharts资源负载表resource-loadingtable平滑smoothing分割活动splittingactivities时间约束型项目time-constrainedproject项目评估和控制已完成工作实际成本actualcostofworkperformed,AC完工预算budgetedcostatcompletion,BAC控制循环controlcycle成本绩效指数costperformanceindex,CPI挣值

14、earnedvalue,EV挣值管理earnedvaluemanagement,EVM里程碑milestone计划值plannedvalue,PV项目基准计划projectbaseline项目控制projectcontrol项目S曲线projectS-curve进度绩效指数scheduleperformanceindex,SPI进度偏差schedulevariance跟踪甘特图trackingGanttcharts项目收尾和中止仲裁arbitration建造经营转让build,operate,transfer,BOT建造拥有经营转让build,own,operate,transfer,BOOT

15、默认索赔defaultclaims争议disputes提早终止earlytermination特惠索赔ex-gratiaclaims经历教训lessonslearned自然终止naturaltermination私人主动融资privatefinanceinitiatives,PFIs项目终止projecttermination附加式终止terminationbyaddition绝对式终止terminationbyextinction集成式终止terminationbyintegration自灭式终止terminationbystarvation非自然终止unnaturaltermination