（双城记）中的基督教思想.docx

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1、（双城记）中的基督教思想（双城记）中的基督教思想AbstractThispapercentersontheloversconflictsamongfourprotagonists-EdmondDantes,FernandMondego,Mercdes,andHaydeeinthebookofTheCountofMonteCristo.Throughthelovestory,wecanfindloveplaystwodifferentroles-akillerandasaver.DantesdeeploveforMercedeshasmadehimlosehimselfintherevenge,

2、becauseMercedesdoesnotkeepherpromiseandmarriesMondego,whoisDantestotalpersonalenemy.WhilelovebetweenDantesandHaydeehelpsDantesgethimoutoftherevenge.AlexandreDumashasgivenanewannotationtolove.KeyWordslove;TheCountofMonteCristo;revenge【摘要】这篇论文主要讨论（基督山伯爵）中四个主人翁爱德蒙唐太斯、弗尔南多、美塞苔丝和海黛等情侣之间恋爱所引发的矛盾。我们能够发现爱情在

3、整个爱情故事中扮演了两个截然不同的角色杀手与拯救者。爱德蒙唐太斯对美塞苔丝深深的爱使他迷失在复仇的怪圈中不能自拔，由于美塞苔丝没有遵守本人的诺言，嫁给了弗尔南多，而他恰恰是爱德蒙唐太斯真正意义上的仇人。然而爱德蒙唐太斯与海黛的爱，帮助他找回本人，走出复仇的怪圈。亚历山大仲马给了爱情一个全新的诠释。【关键词】爱情；（基督山伯爵）；复仇Abstract摘要1.Introduction2.Context2.1Plotoverview2.2Contextontheauthor2.3TheoriginofthestoryofTheCountofMonteCristo3.Introductionofthe

4、loversrelationship4.Thedevastationoflove4.1Lovethelaststrawofrevenge4.2Therevengeoflove5.Thesalvationoflove6.Conclusion7.Bibliography1.IntroductionThenameofAlexandreDumasissynonymouswithromanceandadventure.InJune1844hewroteTheCountofMonteCristo,hismostenduringnovel.Ithasnotonlydelightedgenerationsof

5、readersbutmadehistoryexciting.Itisagreatpitythatsofarwehavedonelittleresearchonthisbook.ThispapercentersontheresearchinthefieldofloveinTheCountofMonteCristo.1Loveisaforeverthemeineveryformofliterature.AlexandreDumashasnoexceptionsinceheissucharomanticperson.ButAlexandreDumashasgivenanewannotationtol

6、ove.InhisnovelTheCountofMonteCristo,loveplaystwodifferentroles-akillerandasaver.2.Context2.1PlotoverviewAttheageofnineteen,EdmondDantesseemstohavetheperfectlife.Heisabouttobecomethecaptainofaship;Heisengagedtoabeautifulandkindyoungwoman,Mercedes;Andheiswelllikedbyalmosteveryonewhoknowshim.Thisperfec

7、tlife,however,stirsupdangerousjealousyamongsomeofDantesso-calledfriends.Danglars,thetreasurerofDantesship,enviesDantesearlycareersuccess;MondegoMondegoisinlovewithDantesfianceeandsocovetshisamoroussuccess;HisneighborCaderousseissimplyenviousthatDantesissomuchluckierinlifethanheis.Together,thesethree

8、mendraftaletteraccusingDantesoftreason.Thereissometruthtotheiraccusations:Asafavortohisrecentlydeceasedcaptain,DantesiscarryingaletterfromNapoleontoagroupofBonapartistsympathizersinParis.ThoughDanteshimselfhasnopoliticalleanings,theundertakingisenoughtoimplicatehimfortreason.Onthedayofhiswedding,Dan

9、tesisarrestedforhisallegedcrimes.Thedeputypublicprosecutor,Villefort,seesthroughtheplottoframeDantesandispreparedtosethimfree.Atthelastmoment,though,DantesjeopardizeshisfreedombyrevealingthenameofthemantowhomheissupposedtodeliverNapoleonsletter.Theman,Noirtier,isVillefortsfather.Terrifiedthatanypubl

10、icknowledgeofhisfatherstreasonousactivitieswillthwarthisownambitions,VillefortdecidestosendDantestoprisonforlife.DespitetheentreatiesofMonsieurMorrel,Danteskindandhonestboss,DantesissenttotheinfamousChteaudIf,wherethemostdangerouspoliticalprisonersarekept.Whileinprison,DantesmeetsAbbeFaria,anItalian

11、priestandintellectual,whohasbeenjailedforhispoliticalviews.FariateachesDanteshistory,science,philosophy,andlanguages,turninghimintoawell-educatedman.FariaalsobequeathsDantesalargetreasurehiddenontheislandofMonteCristo,andhetellshimhowtofinditshouldheeverescape.WhenFariadies,Danteshideshimselfintheab

12、besshroud,thinkingthathewillbeburiedandthendighiswayout.Instead,Dantesisthrownintothesea,andisabletocuthimselflooseandswimtofreedom.DantestravelstoMonteCristoandfindsFariasenormoustreasure.HeconsidershisfortuneagiftfromGod,giventohimforthesolepurposeofrewardingthosewhohavetriedtohelphimand,moreimpor

13、tant,punishingthosewhohavehurthim.DisguisinghimselfasanItalianpriestwhoanswerstothenameofAbbeBusoni,hetravelsbacktoMarseillesandvisitsCaderousse,whoisnowstrugglingtomakealivingasaninnkeeper.FromCaderoussehelearnsthedetailsoftheplottoframehim.Inaddition,Danteslearnsthathisfatherhasdiedofgriefinhisabs

14、enceandthatMercedeshasmarriedMondego.Mostfrustrating,helearnsthatbothDanglarsandMondegohavebecomerichandpowerfulandarelivinghappilyinParis.Asarewardforthisinformation,andforCaderoussesapparentregretovertheparthehasplayedinDantesdownfall,DantesgivesCaderousseavaluablediamond.BeforeleavingMarseilles,D

15、antesanonymouslysavesMorrelfromfinancialruin.Tenyearslater,DantesemergesinRome,callinghimselftheCountofMonteCristo.Heseemstobeallknowingandunstoppable.InRomeDantesingratiateshimselfwithAlbertdeMorcerf,sonofMondegoandMercedes,bysavinghimfrombandits.Inreturnforthefavor,AlbertintroducesDantestoParisian

16、society.NoneofhisoldcohortsrecognizethemysteriouscountasEdmondDantes,thoughMercedesdoes.DantesisthusabletoinsinuatehimselfeffortlesslyintothelivesofDanglars,Mondego,andVillefort.Armedwithdamningknowledgeabouteachofthemthathehasgatheredoverthepastdecade,Dantessetsanelaborateschemeofrevengeintomotion.

17、Mondego,nowknownastheCountdeMorcerf,isthefirsttobepunished.DantesexposesMorcerfsdarkestsecret:Morcerfmadehisfortunebybetrayinghisformerpatron,theGreekvizierAliPacha.HethensoldAliPachaswifeanddaughterintoslavery.AliPachasdaughter,Haydee,whohaslivedwithDanteseversinceheboughtherfreedomsevenyearsearlie

18、r,testifiesagainstMorcerfinfrontofthesenate,irreversiblyruininghisgoodname.AshamedbyMorcerfstreachery,AlbertandMercedesflee,leavingtheirtaintedfortunebehind.Morcerfcommitssuicide.Villefortspunishmentcomesslowlyandinseveralstages.DantesfirsttakesadvantageofMadamedeVillefortsmurderousintent,subtlytuto

19、ringherintheuseofpoison.AsMadamedeVillefortwreaksherhavoc,killingoffeachmemberofthehouseholdinturn,Dantesplantstheseedsforyetanotherpublicexpose.Incourt,itisrevealedthatVillefortisguiltyofattemptedinfanticide,ashetriedtoburyhisillegitimatebabywhileitwasstillalive.Believingthateveryonehelovesisdeadan

20、dknowingthathewillsoonhavetoanswerseverecriminalcharges,Villefortgoesinsane.ForhisrevengeonDanglars,Dantessimplyplaysuponhisgreed.HeopensvariousfalsecreditaccountswithDanglarsthatcosthimvastamountsofmoney.HealsomanipulatesDanglarsunfaithfulanddishonestwife,costingDanglarsmoremoney,andhelpsDanglarsda

21、ughter,Eugenie,runawaywithherfemalecompanion.Finally,whenDanglarsisnearlybrokeandabouttofleewithoutpayinganyofhiscreditors,DanteshastheItalianbanditLuigiVampakidnaphimandrelievehimofhisremainingmoney.DantessparesDanglarslife,butleaveshimpenniless.Meanwhile,astheseactsofvengeanceplayout,Dantesalsotri

22、estocompleteonemoreactofgoodness.DanteswishestohelpthebraveandhonorableMaximilianMorrel,thesonofthekindshipowner,sohehatchesanelaborateplottosaveMaximiliansfiancee,ValentineVillefort,fromhermurderousstepmother,toensurethatthecouplewillbetrulyhappyforever.DantesgivesValentineapillthatmakesherappearde

23、adandthencarriesherofftotheislandofMonteCristo.ForamonthDantesallowsMaximiliantobelievethatValentineisdead,whichcausesMaximiliantolongfordeathhimself.DantesthenrevealsthatValentineisalive.Havingknownthedepthsofdespair,Maximilianisnowabletoexperiencetheheightsofecstasy.Dantestooultimatelyfindshappine

24、ss,whenheallowshimselftofallinlovewiththeadoringandbeautifulHaydee.22.2ContextontheauthorAlexandreDumaswasbornin1802inthevillageofVillers-Cotterts,fiftymilesnortheastofParis.TheyoungerDumaswasnotagoodstudent,buthehadexcellenthandwriting.3WhenhemovedtoParisin1823,hopingtomakehisfortuneasanauthor,hisl

25、ovelyhandwritingearnedhimajobasaminorclerk.Dumasspentsixyearsasaclerk,duringwhichtimehewroteplays,conductedtorridloveaffairs,andlivedbeyondhismeansuntilin1829,whenhehadhisfirstdramaticsuccesswithHenryIIIandHisCourt.LikehisRomanticcolleagues,Dumasbelievedintheprinciplesofsocialequalityandindividualri

26、ghts.4Hetriedtoinfusehisdramaticworkswiththeseprinciples.Dumaswentfurtherthanwritingabouthisbeliefs,however.HetookanactiveroleintheRevolutionof1830,helpingtocaptureapowdermagazineatSoissons,andhewasappointedorganizeroftheNationalGuardatVendee.Encounteringstronglocalopposition,Dumasgaveuptheposition,

27、refusingtoactagainstthewishesofthemajority.ReturningtotheliterarycommunityofParis,Dumascontinuedtowritepopularplays,stickingtohistoricalworksthathefilledwithmelodrama.Healsobegantowritetravelliterature,whichledtoawalkingtourofsouthernFrancein18345(atourthathewouldlaterputtouseinTheCountofMonteCristo

28、).Inthelate1830s,Dumasbeganwritingnovels,asmuchforfinancialgainasforartisticreasons.Atthattime,itwascommonforcheapnewspaperstorunnovelsinserialform.Ifawriterwasadeptatwritingquicklyandmelodramatically,asDumaswas,thefinancialincentiveswouldbeenormous.Dumaswassogoodatthissortofwritingthathesometimesha

29、dthreeorfourserialnovelsrunningsimultaneously.HiswritingsoonmadehimthemostfamousFrenchmanofhisday,andhegainedrenownthroughouttheWesternworld.In1844,thesameyearwhenhepublishedTheThreeMusketeers,DumasbegantheserializationofTheCountofMonteCristo.Hecontinuedwritingprolificallyformostofhislife,publishing

30、hislastnovel,ThePrussianTerror,in1867,threeyearsbeforehisdeath.Dumaswasalsoagenerousman,grantingmoneyandgiftstovirtuallyanyonewhoasked.Dumasself-indulgentlifestyleandexcessivegenerosityeventuallytookatollonhisfinance.Bythetimehesufferedastrokein1870,hewasfarfromarichman,despitethefactthathehadearned

31、millionsofdollarsinhislifetime.HediedinDecember,1870.2.3TheoriginofthestoryofTheCounteofMonteCristoDumasliberalborrowingfromoutsidesourcesoccasionallybroughthimaccusationsofplagiarism.Whileheliftedmanyofhisplotlinesfromtheworksofotherauthorsandfromhistoricalevents,hemoldedthesestoriesinhisowncharact

32、eristicway,makingthemhisown.TheCountofMonteCristoisanexampleoftheappropriationprocessDumasfrequentlyemployed.HisinspirationforthenovelwasfromananecdotehereadinMemoireshistoriquestiresdesarchivesdelapolicedeParis,6acollectionofintriguingcriminalcasesrecordedbyJacquesPeuchet,aformerpolicearchivist.The

33、anecdoterelatesthatin1807,amannamedFranoisPiaudbecameengagedtoaprettyandwealthygirl,inspiringtheenvyofhisfriends.Oneofthesefriends,Loupian,persuadedtheotherstojoinhimindenouncingPiaudasanEnglishspy.Thoughinnocentofthecharge,Piaudwasarrestedandkeptinprisonforsevenyears.Whileinprison,hebefriendedarich

34、ItalianclericwholeftPiaudhisvastfortunewhenhedied.PiaudreturnedtoParisin1815asawealthyman.Usinghiswealth,aswellasnumerousdisguises,heenactedacomplexplantoavengehimselfonhisenemies,murderingseveralofthem.Thoughthisreal-lifestoryhasalltheessentialplotelementsofDumasnovel,itlacksthefantastical,epicprop

35、ortionsofagreatmelodrama.Dumasgreatestgiftwashisabilitytograntepicproportiontoexistingstories.73.IntroductionoftheloversrelationshipEdmondDantesTheprotagonistofthenovel.ThispaperreferstoDantesbyhisgivennameuntilChapter30,afterwhichheisgenerallyreferredtohimasthecountofMonteCristo.MercdesDantesbeauti

36、fulandgoodfiance.ThoughMercdesmarriesanotherman,MondegoMondegowhileDantesisinprison,sheneverstopslovingDantes.MercdesisoneofthefewwhomDantesbothpunishes(forherdisloyalty)andrewards(forherenduringloveandunderlyinggoodness).MondegoDantesrivalforMercdesaffections.MondegohelpsinframingDantesfortreasonan

37、dthenmarriesMercdeshimselfwhenDantesisimprisoned.ThroughactsoftreacheryMondegobecomesawealthyandpowerfulmanandtakesonthenameoftheCountdeMorcerf.HeisthefirstvictimofDantesvengeance.HaydeThedaughterofAliPacha,thevizieroftheGreekstateofYanina.HaydeissoldintoslaveryafterherfatherisbetrayedbyMondegoandmu

38、rdered.DantespurchasesHaydesfreedomandwatcheshergrowintoadulthood,eventuallyfallinginlovewithher.GrarddeVillefortTheblindlyambitiouspublicprosecutorresponsibleforsentencingDantestolifeinprison,whoisjustgoingtomarryReneeforhispoliticalreasons.ReneethedaughterofM.deSaintMeran(Villefortssenior).Reneeli

39、kesVillefort,whopaysmoreattentionotherthanherself.Altogethertherearefourcouplesoflovers.Theirrelationshipcanshowasfollows:DantesMondegoMercedesVillefortReneemeansloveLovehasrunthroughTheCountofMonteCristo.Everythingcomesfromitandendswithit.4.Thedevastationoflove4.1LovethelaststrawofrevengeAttheveryb

40、eginningofTheCountofMonteCristo,wecaneasilyfindDantesdeeploveforMercedes.Onlyhavinganecessarytalkwithhisbossandhisfather,DantesimmediatelygoestomeetMercedeswhoexpectsDantesnolessimpatientlythanhisfather.However,itisMondegowhoalsodeclaresthathelovesMercedes.Makemeunderstandonceforallthatyouaretriflin

41、gwithmyhappiness,thatmylifeordeathisnothingtoyou.Ah,tohavedreamedfortenyearsofbeingyourhusband,Mercedes,andtolosethathope,thiswastheonlystayofmyexistence!8ButitisMondegowhostayswithMercedesallthetimewhenDantesisonhisdutyleavingMercedes.MondegoalwayslooksatMercedeswithanairinwhichvexationanduneasines

42、sweremingled.Hequestionedherwithhiseyes,butthefirmandsteadygazeoftheyounggirlcontrolledhislook.Yes,heloveshersothathewantshertobecomehisownbelongings.Becausesheistriflingwithhishappiness,thathislifeordeathareimmaterialtoher.EvenMondegohavedreamedfortenyearsofbeingherhusband,andtolosethathope,withwas

43、theonlystayofhisexistences.WhatsMercedesresponse?IloveEdmondDantestheyounggirlcalmlyreplied,andnonebutEdmondshalleverbemyhusband.Andyouwillalwayslovehim?AslongasIliveHerecomes,thefirsthintforrevenge.WhileDantesbelievessomuchthataslongasMercedeslives,shewillnotmarryothersbuthim.However,Mercedesmarrie

44、sMondego.Thereisnochoicebutrevengeforamanknewhismostreliablefiancemarriedhisenemy-Mondego.Itistheenemywhoputhimintoprisonforfourteenyears.However,whenDantesfirstmeetsMondego,hedoesnotrealizethatMondegoconsidershimashisenemy.Ididnotknow,whenIcamewithsuchhastetoyou,thatIwastomeetanenemyhere.Asweallkno

45、w,anenemyalwayscomeswithkilling.Thatisrevenge,whentwomenlovethesamewoman,thereisnothingbutaduel.Lovenomatteritispureordeep,hasbecomealaststrawfortherevengeinthefuture.4.2TherevengeofloveAfterfourteenyears,Dantescomesoutofprison.ThefirstthingDanteswantstoknowisabouthisfianceaswellashisfather.Bycontra

46、ry,whenDantespretendstobeanabbeandgoestoCaderoussesinnertoinquiryaboutwhathewantstoknow,heintentlyemphasizesthathe(theabbe)hasforgottenwhatDantescallherlover.MercedescriedCaderousseeagerly.WhatdoesDanteswanttocover?Howcanheforgethisbetrothedname?Thatsowetosuspicion,suspicionforeverything.Duetohistru

47、ehonestytothisworld,Danteshasbeeninprisonforfourteenyears.Afterhisfathersdeath,thereisonlyMercedeswhoDantesdeeplybelievesin.HehesitatesandiskeentoknowingwhathashappenedtoMercedes.Intheend,hegetstheanswerthatMercedeshasnotwaitedforhiscoming.Sothereisnotinghevaluesintheworld.Revengeistheonlyreasonforh

48、isexistence.9Herecomestheforcerunningtherevengeoflove.Timeflies.Aftertwenty-fouryears,DantesfinallygetstomeetMercedesagainbecauseofherson,whoisonepartofDantesplanofrevenge.Thatdaythecountbowedagain,butlowerthanbefore;hewasevenpalerthanMercedesButwhenMercedes(thecountess)said:Weshallhavethispleasuret

49、omeettheCountofMonteCristoanothertime.Youpromisethat?MonteCristoinclineshimselfwithoutanswering,butthegesturemightpassforassent.HowcanDantesbesocalmtohisforeverloversinvitation?ItisthemostexitingthingforDantesbeforeheisputintoprison.Thereasonisdisloyalty,whichcauseshimtotakerevenge.Evenhisformerbetrothedlovercannotchangehisideas.Itishisformerlover.SoontherecomesasecondmeetingbetweenDantesandMercedes.ThistimeDanteschoosestoavoid.ButyourhouseisnotM.deMorcerfs,murmuredMercedes;andsincehehasbeenhereIhavewatchedhim.Well?Well,hehastakennothingyet.Thecount