M4不定式用法小结.ppt

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1、 M4 Sandstorms in AsiaVocabularyinland adj. 内陆的；内地的 adv. 在内陆；向内陆inland towns 内陆城市go inland 到内地去We drove further _.A.in inland B.to inlandsC.inland D.towards inlandCcampaign n. 战役；运动；政治，竞赛活动a political campaign 政治运动an election campaign 竞选活动advertisement campaign 广告活动campaign v. 参加活动，从事活动Jean is campa

2、igning for equal rights for women.1.What are sandstorms？2.In what places do they often happen?3.Are there any sandstorms in China?Where?4.Have sandstorms in China increased or decreased recently?Why?5.Why does traffic move slowly during the sandstorm?6.Whats the experts advice when a sandstorm arriv

3、es?7.What does the government do to protect Beijing from sandstorm?TEXT be caught in 突然遭遇（风暴等）；被困在（风，雨，雪.）中 eg.He was caught in a heavy rain on my way home yesterday.He was caught in the snowstorm last week and caught a cold.appear/seem/look 好像,看起来 appear/seem/look + adj/pp/nHe appears/seems/looks s

4、atisfied with what I said. appear/seem+to do/to be doing/to have doneShe appears/seems to have a lot of money. appear/seem+ that 从句It appears/seems that its going to rain. It looks/seems +as if.It looks/seems as if he was sleeping.advise+n./to do /that/doing The doctor advised_ .医生建议完全休息。 The doctor

5、 advised_at once.医生建议他立刻做手术。 I advised that_.我建议她等下一班火车。 The teacher advised_ to discuss the matter.老师建议开会来讨论这个问题。a complete resthim to be operated onshe should wait for the next trainholding a meetingadvice n.建议 offer/give sb advice on/about sth 关于.给某人建议 take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建议 He followed_

6、 on how to learn English.A.an advice B.good adviceC.good advices D.a good piece of advice UDprevent v. 阻止；预防；防止 What can we do to prevent SARS happening again? The heavy snow prevented me from going out. prevent sb (from) doing sth stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人干某事 The heavy rain _ the meeting.A.prev

7、ented him to attendB.stopped him attendC.kept him attendingD.prevented him attendingD GrammarGrammar 不定式可作主语、宾语、状语不定式可作主语、宾语、状语（目的，结果）、表语和定语，（目的，结果）、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。但不能单独作谓语。Infinitive1 结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing t

8、o have done to have been done -(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式一般式表示与谓语的动作同时表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在发生在它之后它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也不定式的动作也正在进行正在进行)(完成式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe

9、.Its important to learn .(1). 主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2). 表语表语常在系动词后面，作表语常在系动词后面，作表语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语宾语Think/ consider/

10、find it + adj to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:ask, agree, afford, choose, decide, determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage, The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at o

11、bserve notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feelWarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth+ sb do sth省略省略toI made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.

12、(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.Note 1Note 2I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定定语语如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, ,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中

13、要有介词. .Eg.请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。而且放在其他后置定语之后。NoteI came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语In order to , so as to , enough to ,only to , too.to.,常充当原因、结果、目的状语等常充当原因、结果、目的状语等We were very excited

14、 to hear the news (原因原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果结果)(7).独立结构独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you.1. had better/had best + (not) do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. cannot but 3. cannot choose but +do sth. 不得不做不得不做 4. cannot help bu

15、t5. Why (not) do sth.?6. prefer to do/prefer doing7. prefer + n./doing to + n./doing8. prefer + to do sth. rather than (to) do sth.From the text To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience. There was nothing to be done. To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.主语主语主语主语定语Identify

16、the functionIdentify the function of the Infinitive. of the Infinitive.(subject)(subject)(predicative)(attribute).1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the compute

17、r industry when I grow up. 4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute)(object)(object)(adverbial).(adverbial)5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I a

18、m. 8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 1. Turn off what you dont use 关闭不用的电器 2. Dont waste energy 不要浪费能源 3. Use only the water you need 节约用水 4. Using energy saving lightbulbs 使用节能灯泡 5. Eat a healthy balanced diet 合理饮食 6. Recycle your rubbi

19、sh 垃圾回收垃圾回收 7. Recycle all you can 尽可能多的回收尽可能多的回收 8.Is your heating turned up too high? 不要取暖过度不要取暖过度 9. Use biodegradable product 使用可降解的产品 10. Cut your emissions 减少尾气排放减少尾气排放 11. Avoid using plastic bags 减少塑料袋的使用减少塑料袋的使用Heal the WorldHeal the worldMake it a better placeFor you and for meAnd the enti

20、re human raceThere are people dyingIf you care enough for the livingMake a better place for you and for me plastic bags refrigerators cutting down trees chemicals carbon dioxide dig up grass recycle garbage / global warming We should.We should. We need to.We need to. We must.We must. One major enviromental problem One major enviromental problem is.is. There is a problem with.There is a problem with.