定语从句中关系词的使用.docx

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1、定语从句中关系词的使用定语从句中关系词的使用关系词：关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose关系副词：where,when,why关系代词的使用：一、who/whom的用法二者都可指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语Inthisaccident,thenumberofpeoplewhodiedreachedasmanyas25.在这次事故中死亡人数多达25人。IhavemanyfriendstowhomIamgoingtosendpostcards.我要寄给很多朋友贺卡。注意：在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，非限制性定

2、语从句中，whom不可用who代替；但介词提早作宾语时不能够用who，只能用“介词+whom。例：ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.二、whose的用法Whose一般指人，有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语Youretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只要你的建议他可能会听。whose在定语从句中作advice的定语Idlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。whose在从句中作window的定语三、which的用法Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾

3、语，偶然也作定语。Which在指人时往往指婴儿或指人的品质Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitywaspollutedseriously.穿过市中心的那条河遭到了严重的污染。which在从句中作主语TheystayedwithmeforthreeweeksduringwhichtimetheydrunkallthewineIhad.他们和我一起待了三周，这期间他们喝光了我所有的酒。which在从句中作定语修饰time四、that的用法That指人或物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或表语时可省略Thisisthefactorythatthey

4、aretalkingabout.这就是他们正在讨论的工厂。that作宾语Thisisthegirlthatisbeautiful.这就是那个漂亮的女孩。that作主语五、as的用法As引导定语从句常出现于thesameas,suchas，asas，soas中。As引导的定语从句常用省略形式，as在从句中既可指人或物，可以指整个句子，指整个句子时可位于句首、句尾或句中。as引导定语从句时，在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语等。Theexplorertookonlysuchmenandthingsashereallyneededintothejungle.这个探险者进入丛林时仅带了一些他确实需要的人和物

5、品。as与such连用，作needed的宾语Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些对世界做出宏大奉献的人应遭到极大的尊重。as与such连用，在定语从句中作主语Letsmeetatthesameplaceaswedidyesterday.咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。as与thesame连用，在定语从句中作状语Shakespeareisafamouswriter,aseverybodyknows.众所周知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。as代替整个主句，作knows的宾语，位于句尾As

6、everybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.位于句首Shakespeare,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.位于句中六、“介词+关系代词构造在“介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that.先行词指物时，用which;先行词指人时，用whom.1.介词选择的三原则1介词根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定onwhichIspent5yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid5yuan.aboutwhichTomoftentalks.(2)介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确

7、定thedayonwhichIsettledinChina.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.themonthinwhichIstayedthere.(3)介词根据从句所表达的意义而确定Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcantsurftheInternet,crashedyesterday.昨天我的电脑系统瘫痪了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。*误区警示：表“所有关系或“整体中的一部分时，常用ofwhich/whom引导定语从句例：Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers.这位老人有两个儿子，两个都是律师

8、。2.介词可后移，此时关系代词可省略省略时，介词必须后移例：这是你寻求帮助的那个人。Thisisthemantowhomyouturnedforhelp.Thisistheman(whom)youturnedtoforhelp.*误区警示：一些与动词搭配的介词能够提到关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词构造，但有些含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开使用。如lookfor,carefor,hearfrom,hearof等。例：Isthisthebook(which/that)sheislookingfor?这是她正在寻找的那本书吗？关系代词that和which的用法辨析That和which在定语从句中

9、都可作主语或宾语，指物；且作宾语时都可省略。在通常情况下，可互换使用，但有时that和which却不能互换只能用that,不能用which的情况A.当先行词是all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时Thereisnotmuchthatoughttobedonerightnow.没有多少应该立即就做的事情。Ididnothingthatmighthurtyou.我一点也没做可能伤害你的事。Ihavedonealltheworkthathetoldmetodo.我已把他让我干的活全部干完

10、。B.当先行词是表语，或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时Heisnotthemanthathewas.他不再是过去那个样子了。Theschoolisquitedifferentfromtheonethatitusedtobe.这所学校已和原来的迥然不同了。C.当主句以here,there开始时Hereisthehotelthatyouvebeenlookingfor.这就是你一直在找的旅馆。Thereistheseatinthecornerthatisstillnottaken.在角上还有一个没占的位子。D.当先行词有theonly,thesame,thevery,thelast等限定词修饰时T

11、hesearticlesaretheveryonesthatshouldberead.这些文章就是你应该读的那些。Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的。E.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。ThefirstsongthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我永远也不会忘记我学的第一首歌。F.当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时Whoisthepersonthatis

12、standingatthegate?站在门口的那个人是谁？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T桖衫最合适我？G.当先行词有同时表示人和物的名词时Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.她把她所感兴趣的人和物全拍摄下来。只用which不用that的情况A.引导非限制性定语从句Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedinmanycountries.足球是很有趣的运动项目，很多国家都在踢。B.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词

13、前时ImlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesecoins.我想找一个能盛下所有这些硬币的容器。关系代词只用who不用that的情况A.先行词是one,ones或anyone先行词为those或被those修饰并且指人时Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpr

14、acticewillsucceed.B.在以therebe.的句子中，先行词为人时Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.C.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行词都为人时Thestudentsthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.D指人的先行词被指物的名词修饰时Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?E.在非限制性定语从句中，且先行词为人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustco

15、mefromAmerica.F.定语从句中又插入语时，且先行词为人Jacksonisamanwho(Ibelieve)ishonest.as和which的用法辨析关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时，能够用整个句子作为其先行词，指代上文或下文所讲的一件事。但as和which具有不同的词义，句法和用法也存有差异as引导的从句表示讲话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论A.此时的as仍具有“正如、像、由而知、与一致等某些连词的语义。翻译时有时可不必译出ShanghaiisabigcityinChinaasweallknow.众所周知，上海是中国一个大城市。Sheisverypatient,a

16、sisshowninherwork.她很有耐心，正如她在工作中所表现出来的一样。B.在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词如see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配Therewasanetbararoundhere,asIremember.我记得这附近有一家网吧。Asweallexpected,theplanturnedouttobeverysuccessful.正如我们所期望的，计划进行的很成功。C.as从句能够位于句首或句中而which从句只能位于句尾Ascanbeseen,ocea

17、nscovermorethan70%oftheearth.正如我们所看到的，大洋占了地球的70%还多。which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充讲明，表明事物存在的状态或引起的结果A.which此时指前面主句所提到的整件事，常译为“这一点、这件事等，只能位于被修饰的句子后面Thechildhadafevereverynight,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.孩子每晚都发烧，这使他的父母非常焦急。B.which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系Iboughtmysisterabigtoy,which(=andt

18、hat)delightedhergreatly.我给妹妹买了一个大玩具，这使她非常高兴。C.在从句中作定语或介词宾语时，要用whichShemightpossiblycome,inwhichcaseIllaskher.她可能会来的，要是那样的话我就去问她。D.不能省去非限制性定语从句中的动词be时，用which，反之则用asJanetoldmeshewonthematch,whichwasalie.was不可省略简告诉我她博得了这场比赛，这是一个谎话。As(was)planned,wemetattheairport.可省略was根据计划，我们在机场见了面。E.当从句的谓语动词能否定形式或从句谓

19、语动词后有复合宾语时，一般用which不用asYoupretendednottoknowme,whichIdidntunderstand.你假装不认识我，我真不明白。Hedislikeseveryoneintheclass,whichIfindquitestrange.他不喜欢班里的每个人，我以为这太奇怪了。关系代词的省略引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在某些特定的情况下能够省略，但在非限制性定语从句中不可省略在限制性定语从句中能够省略关系代词的情况主要有：关系代词在从句中作动词的宾语时Ihavebeentothecitytwice(that/which)youjustvisited.你刚参观完的

20、那座城市，我去过两次。关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词位于从句句尾时Generationgapisaproblem(which/that)peopleareinterestedin.代沟是人们感兴趣的问题。关系代词在从句中作表语时Afterascoreofyears,Johnsonisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedtobe.二十年后，约翰逊不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。主句以therebe开始时，很多时候关系代词可省，即便关系代词在从句中作主语Thereisamistakeinyourcomposition(which)wantscorrecting.你

21、的作文里有一个错误需要改正。【小试牛刀】单句改错1.Iwillgiveyouabookwhichyoullfinditinteresting.2.Theoldmanwhoyouspokeisafamousdoctor.3.Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou.4.ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichIveeverseen.5.Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudyinghard.6.IvereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.7.Thosewhow

22、antstogowithmeputupyourhands.8.Welldoallwhatwecandotohelpyouout.9.Whichisthebagwhichbelongstome?10.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhichwemetduringthewar.关系副词的用法常用的关系副词有where,when,why等，这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语一、where的用法代替表示地点的先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。此时常可由inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,towhich等构造取代比照：Thisisthefactorywhereh

23、eusedtowork.work是不及物动词Thisisthefaciorywhich/thatIvisitedlastyear.visit是及物动词Isthisthemuseumthat/whichyouvisitedafewdaysago?从句缺少宾语Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?从句缺少状语当position,point,case,stage,situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycan

24、seethemselvesdifferently.把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待本人的环境中，这对于他们有所帮助。二、when的用法代替表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。此时常可用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?when在从句中作状语Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?that或which作spent的宾语*误区警示：当先行词是时间名词时，既能够用whe

25、n引导，可以以用that或which引导，关键要看先行词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which.三、why的用法一般跟在先行词reason后，why在定语从句中作原因状语，能够用forwhich代替。引导非限制性定语从句不可用why，但可用forwhichIhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhy(forwhich)Iwasabsentfromthemeeting.我来是为了向你解释我没有参加会议的原因。Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(forwhich)

26、thecarbrokedown?你能告诉我车子坏了的原因吗？【随堂检测】一、单项选择1.-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?-Right,justtheoneyouknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what2.ThefirmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where3.Icanneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespe

27、nttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when4.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich5.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolenonthepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that6.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone

28、familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose7.Doyouknowtheman?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke8.Thefactorywellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich9.Ilostabook,Icantremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat10.HeisgoodatEnglish,weallknow.A

29、.thatB.asC.whomD.what11.GeorgeOrwellwasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname12.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewofinvitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who13.Tomygreatsurprise,heaskedmeafewquestionstherewerenoanswersA.towhichB.aboutwhich

30、C.inwhichD.onwhich2、填入适当的关系词1.OppositeisSt.PaulsChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.2.Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.3.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.4.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponschooleducationdepen

31、ds.5.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,isannouncedintodaysnewspaper.6.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmenttheylive.7.WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehouseIwouldbestaying.8.Howdidyoufindthosedays?Thedayswespenttogetheronthefarmarenoteasytoforget.【课后作业】1、填入适当的关系词Tom,1.isaprimarystude

32、nt,ishavingsupperatthenewtable2.hisfatherboughtthismorning.Alittlewhitedog3.nameisMaomaoissittingbesidehim.Itiswaitingforfood4.Tomgivestoitfromtimetotime.Suddenly,Tomsmother,beside5.liesayellowcat,says,“Tom,haveyouseenthebook6.Iboughtlastweekinthebookstore7.yourauntworks?Iwrotethedateonit8.Illhaveto

33、paythebillstothebank.Smiling,TomlooksdownatMaomao,9.issittingontherightbooknow.Hesayssoftly,“Runawayfromthebook10.Motherislookingfor,orshellpunishyou.二、单句写作1.Sheisoneofthegirls(通过这次考试).2.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls(通过这次考试).3.Thisisthebestfilm(我曾经看过的).4.Thepeopleandtheanimals(在地震中死亡)weredifficulttocount.5.Whowasthelastone(昨天离开教室)?