定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择.docx

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1、定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择-by成都树德中学兰银清一定语从句的概念：句中修饰限定或者补充讲明名词或者代词的是一个句子，这个句子就是定语从句Wecantignorethedifficultiesthat/whichlieahead.AllthatIwantisyourhappiness.Whatisthenameofthemanwhojustcamein.Ilikethosewhosmilealot.Therearealotofstudentsherewhoseparentsworkoutside.ThisistheschoolwhereIusedwork.

2、定语从句的先行词:被定语从句饰限定或者补充讲明名词或者代词引导定语从句的关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose，as引导定语从句的关系副词：when,where,why，as二怎样选用关系代词？1.判成分假如定语从句需要主语或者宾语，就要选用关系代词who,whom作宾语，that,which.2.确定先行词1)先行词假如指人选用who,whom(作宾语)或者that，在实际运用中多使用who;先行词假如指物选用that或者which，在实际运用中多使用that先行词1，Doyouknowthepeople_livenextdoor?2，Thisistheman_Imet

3、onthetrainlastweek.3，Itisabook_willinterestchildrenofallages.4，Ihavefoundthecarkeys_youwerelookingfor.注意：(1、在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系单词能够省略Thisistheman(who/that/whom)Imetonthetrainlastweek.(2限定性定语从句需要表语，用thatIamnotthemanthatIwastenyearsago.Wenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.2)Whose引导的定语从句当定语从句需要所有格可以以理解

4、为定语，则需要用whose。只要定语从句需要所有格，先行词指人，指物，指地点都要whose。先行词6.Westoppedtohelpsomepeople_carbrokedown.7.Iliveinthehouse_doorisred.8.Youdontneedtolookupeveryword_meaningisnotclear.9.Theschoolshop,_customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.高考注意：whose指物时，whose+n=thenofwhich/ofwhichthen10.Youdontneedtolooku

5、peveryword_meaningisnotclear.=Youdontneedtolookupeverywordthemeaningof_isnotclear.11.Weareintroducinganewsystem,_aimistocutcosts.=Weareintroducinganewsystemof_theaimistocutcosts.12.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.13.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethrought

6、heeyesofthose_liveswereaffected.14.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionof_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.高考15.Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.三怎样选用关系副词1判成分：假如定语从句不需要主语或者宾语，多半要选择关系副词2确定先行词：先行词指地点用where;指时间用when;指原因reaso

7、n,用why.在定语从句中，when/where/why=合适介词+which1，IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.=Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstmetyou.2,ThisistheschoolwhereIonceworked.=Thisistheschool_Ionceworked.3,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedoesntlikeme?=Doyouknowthereason_whichshedoesntlikeme?4.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisun

8、likelytobetheonlyplanet_lifehasdevelopedgradually.5.Iliveinasmallcity,_populationaremostlymigrants.(本人自编题)注意：1，先行词是时间、地点或者原因，但是定语从句需要主语或者宾语，则把先行词看成是指物，要使用关系代词that/which试比拟：1Thisistheschool_Iusedtowork.2Thisistheschool_Iusedtoworkin.3)ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,_isanationalkeyschool,iswhereIusedtowo

9、rk.4)ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,_Iusedtowork,isanationalkeyschool.5),Thisistheschool_Ivisitedlastweek.6),Iwillneverforgetthedays_westayedtogether.7),Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogetherinthesummer.8),Thereason_hegavemesoundsgood.9),Thereason_hedislikesmeisthatItellexactlywhatIthinkofhim.10).By16

10、:30,_wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensoldout.12),Iwouldrathergotovisitthefactorynextweek,_Iwontbebusy.(本人自编题)13Finally,hereachedalonelyisland_wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.14)Thatevening,_Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.15)Whateverisleftovermaybeputintoth

11、erefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.2.定语从句一般紧跟先行词，但是有时可以能被其它成分隔开。(一定要找准先行词哦！)1Heistheonlyteacherinmyoffice_hasbeentoLondon.2Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.小试身手：3Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,_,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.浙江高考4Aft

12、ertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.江苏高考5Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.全国卷6Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea_interactwithoneanother.7ThepresidentoftheWorldBanks

13、ayshehasapassionforChina，_heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.三.注意区别限定性和非限定定语从句限定性定语从句：对先行词起着修饰限定作用非限定定语从句：对先行词起补充讲明作用注意非限定定语从句不能用that1Hemarriedawoman_hemetonatrain.Hemarriedaveryniceyoungengineer,_hemetonatrain.2Didyoulikethewine_wedranklastnight?Ipouredhimaglassofwine,_hedrankatonce.3)Theball

14、felltoCollins,_shothitthepost.4)ChengduNo.9HighSchool,_Iusedtowork,isanationalkeyschool.5)Thesummerof1969,_manfirstsetfootonthemoon,willneverbeforgotten.6)Theseappletrees,_Iplantedthreeyearsago,haventborneanyfruit.(本人自编题)7)Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_isnamedafterhisgrandfather.四关系代词或者副词的选用

15、的进一步讲解1.which与as的选择1).意义上的区别as往往翻译为“正如；which往往翻译为“这一点。Mr.Lucommittedsuicide,_madethewholenationsad.Hepassedalltheexaminations,_wehadexpected.Heisanengineer,_hisbrotherisnt.As往往有一些相对固定的形式aswehadexpected,asweallknow,asisknowntousall,asis/wasreported,asisoftenthecase,asitturnedout,aswecanrememberetc.He

16、waslateforworkthismorning,asisoftenthecase.2)位置上的区别which引导的定语从句，经常位于主句之后，作为插入语位于句中，但是一般不能位于句首；as引导的定语从句位置灵敏。能够位于主句之后位，作为插入语位于句中，位于句首。ShemarriedJohn,_surprisedusall.WheneverImether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.09山东Asweknow,lighttravelsinastraightline.Light,asweknow,travelsinastraightli

17、ne.Lighttravelsinastraightline,asweknow.小试身手：1.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,_meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.06江苏卷2.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.07湖南卷3.Hismoviewonseveral

18、awardsatthefilmfestival,_wasbeyondhiswildestdream.07上海卷4_isreportedinthenewspaper,hestudiedinJapanforthreeyears.5_itturnedout,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.6)Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,_heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.(12北京)7TheBeatles,_manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.8

19、)Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotraveling，_turnedouttobeawisedecision.9)Heisanengineer,_hisbrotherisnt.2.such+n+asvssuch+n+thatthesame+nasvsthesame+n=that1)such+n+asvssuch+n+that“such+n+as引导的是定语从句，经常翻译为“如的，as在定语从句中要充当成分；“such+n+that引导的是结果状语从句,翻译为“如此.以致,结果状语从句是一个完好的句子，that在句中不充当成分。Suc

20、hstudents(asyoumentionedjustnow)shouldbepraised.定语从句Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.(状语从句)他是如此好的学生，以致我们都喜欢他。Heissuchagoodstudent(aswealllike.)定语从句他是我们大家都喜欢的好学生。so+adj.+a/an+n+as引导的定语从句和so+adj.+a/an+n+that引导的状语的区别同上Heissogoodastudent(aswealllike.)Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim.2)thesamethatv

21、sthesameasA:假如定语从句需要主语或者宾语，thesamethatthesameas完全一样；假如定语从句需要状语，则只能用thesame.as他今天穿的夹克和昨天的一样。Heiswearingthesamejacketas/thatheworeyesterday.Jack和Mike是同一天离开的。JackleftthesamedayasMikeleft.B:thesameas可以以接短语我有和你一样的字典Ihavethesamedictionaryasyours.3.定语从句中夹Iknow,Ithink,Iwish,Ifeel,hesaid,hethought的情况Wearegoi

22、ngtomeetsomeone_Iknow(that)youwilllike.Thisisthewoman_Annsaidwouldshowusthechurch.Itisthebodyofaman_thepolicethinkwasmurdered.Itisahouse_wefeel(that)wemightwanttobuy.Thisisthehouse_webelieve(that)Mr.Liwasmurdered.4.介词+which/whomtodo构造相当于一个省略的定语从句Wemovedtothecountrysothatthechildrenwouldhaveagardenin

23、_toplay.Inmyopinion,Mr.Blackisanicemanwith_togeton.5.that与which的选择下面限定性定语从句用that,不用which1)先行词含all,both,any(thing),some(thing),every(thing),no(thing),none,few,little,much,thevery+n,theonly+n.用that而不用whichAllthatIwantisyourhappiness.IhopethelittlethatIhavedonehasbeenuseful.Pleasesendusalltheinformatio

24、n_youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.2)先行词含序数词，最高级时，用that而不用whichThisisoneofthemostdeliciousmeals_Ihaveeverhad.3)先行词既指人又指物，用that,不用which或者whoTheyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings_theycanremember.4)限定性定语从句需要表语，用thatWenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.下面情况用which,不用that1)在非限定定语中用which,不用thatIn1

25、908ForddevelopedhisModelTcar,whichsoldfor500dollars.SallygotmarriedtoJoe,whichmadePaulveryunhappy.2)介词+which引导的定语从句，不能用thatFootballisatopicin_Ihaveinterest.who和that的选择1)先行词指人时，who和that基本能够互换。2)先行词是one,someone,everyone,anyone,those时，经常使用whoIwouldliketosharearoomwithsomeone_doesntsmoke.3)非限定定语从句，用who,

26、不整用that指人Myfriend,LPing,_comesfromChengdu,playstheguitarverywell.4介词+whom引导定语从句ThisisthemanwithwhomIsharetheroom.5)限定性定语从句需要表语，用thatIamnotthemanthatIwastenyearsago.6.which的特殊用法which+概括意义的名词引导的非限定定语从句duringwhichtime=andduringthattime在那段时间inwhichcase=andinthatcase在那种情况下atwhichpoint=andatthatpoint在那时whichlanguage=andthatlanguageHemaywinthecompetition,in_caseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.Theystayedwithmefortwoweeks,during_timetheydrankallthebeerIhad.HespokeGerman,_languageIcanonlyfollowwithdifficulty.