托福TPO7阅读原文Part2及翻译答案.docx

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1、托福TPO7浏览原文Part2及翻译答案托福TPO7浏览原文Part2及翻译答案如今大家在进行托福备考时TPO托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。今天我在这里整理了托福TPO7浏览原文Part2及翻译答案来共享给大家，希望对大家托福听力备考有帮助。托福TPO7浏览原文Part2AncientRomeandGreeceThereisaqualityofcohesivenessabouttheRomanworldthatappliedneithertoGreecenorperhapstoanyothercivilization,ancientormodern.

2、LikethestoneofRomanwall,whichwereheldtogetherbothbytheregularityofthedesignandbythatpeculiarlypowerfulRomancement,sothevariouspartsoftheRomanrealmwerebondedintoamassive,monolithicentitybyphysical,organizational,andpsychologicalcontrols.Thephysicalbondsincludedthenetworkofmilitarygarrisons,whichweres

3、tationedineveryprovince,andthenetworkofstone-builtroadsthatlinkedtheprovinceswithRome.Theorganizationalbondswerebasedonthecommonprinciplesoflawandadministrationandontheuniversalarmyofofficialswhoenforcedcommonstandardsofconduct.Thepsychologicalcontrolswerebuiltonfearandpunishment-ontheabsolutecertai

4、ntythatanyoneoranythingthatthreatenedtheauthorityofRomewouldbeutterlydestroyed.ThesourceofRomanobsessionwithunityandcohesionmaywellhavelaininthepatternofRomesearlydevelopment.WhereasGreecehadgrownfromscoresofscatteredcities,Romegrewfromonesingleorganism.WhiletheGreekworldhadexpandedalongtheMediterra

5、neanseaslanes,theRomanworldwasassembledbyterritorialconquest.Ofcourse,thecontrastisnotquitesostark:inAlexandertheGreattheGreekshadfoundthegreatestterritorialconquerorofalltime;andtheRomans,oncetheymovedoutsideItaly,didnotfailtolearnthelessonsofseapower.Yettheessentialdifferenceisundeniable.Thekeytot

6、heGreekworldlayinitshigh-poweredships;thekeytoRomanpowerlayinitsmarchinglegions.TheGreekswereweddedtothesea;theRomans,totheland.TheGreekwasasailoratheart;theRoman,alandsman.Certainly,intryingtoexplaintheRomanphenomenon,onewouldhavetoplacegreatemphasisonthisalmostinstinctfortheterritorialimperative.R

7、omanprioritieslayintheorganization,exploitation,anddefenseoftheirterritory.InallprobabilityitwasthefertileplainofLatium,wheretheLatinswhofoundedRomeoriginated,thatcreatedthehabitsandskillsoflandedsettlement,landedproperty,landedeconomy,landedadministration,andaland-basedsociety.FromthisarosetheRoman

8、geniusformilitaryorganizationandorderlygovernment.Inturn,adeepattachmenttotheland,andtothestabilitywhichrurallifeengenders,fosteredtheRomanvirtues:gravitas,asenseofresponsibility,pietas,asenseofdevotiontofamilyandcountry,andiustitia,asenseofthenaturalorder.ModernattitudestoRomancivilizationrangefrom

9、theinfinitelyimpressedtothethoroughlydisgusted.Asalways,therearethepowerworshippers,especiallyamonghistorians,whoarepredisposedtoadmirewhateverisstrong,whofeelmoreattractedtothemightofRomethantothesubtletyofGreece.Atthesametime,thereisasolidbodyofopinionthatdislikesRome.Formany,Romeisatbesttheimitat

10、orandthecontinuatorofGreeceonalargerscale.Greekcivilizationhadquality;Rome,merequantity.Greecewasoriginal;Rome,derivative.Greecehadstyle;Romehadmoney.Greecewastheinventor;Rome,theresearchanddevelopmentdivision.SuchindeedwastheopinionofsomeofthemoreintellectualRomans.HadtheGreeksheldnoveltyinsuchdisd

11、ainaswe,askedHoraceinhisepistle,whatworkofancientdatewouldnowexist?RomesdebttoGreecewasenormous.TheRomansadoptedGreekreligionandmoralphilosophy.Inliterature,GreekwriterswereconsciouslyusedasmodelsbytheirLatinsuccessors.ItwasabsolutelyacceptedthataneducatedRomanshouldbefluentinGreek.Inspeculativephil

12、osophyandthesciences,theRomansmadevirtuallynoadvanceonearlyachievements.YetitwouldbewrongtosuggestthatRomewassomehowajuniorpartnerinGreco-Romancivilization.TheRomangeniuswasprojectedintonewspheres-especiallyintothoseoflaw,militaryorganization,administration,andengineering.Moreover,thetensionsthataro

13、sewithintheRomanstateproducedliteraryandartisticsensibilitiesofthehighestorder.ItwasnoaccidentthatmanyleadingRomansoldiersandstatesmenwerewritersofhighcaliber.Paragraph1:ThereisaqualityofcohesivenessabouttheRomanworldthatappliedneithertoGreecenorperhapstoanyothercivilization,ancientormodern.Likethes

14、toneofRomanwall,whichwereheldtogetherbothbytheregularityofthedesignandbythatpeculiarlypowerfulRomancement,sothevariouspartsoftheRomanrealmwerebondedintoamassive,monolithicentitybyphysical,organizational,andpsychologicalcontrols.Thephysicalbondsincludedthenetworkofmilitarygarrisons,whichwerestationed

15、ineveryprovince,andthenetworkofstone-builtroadsthatlinkedtheprovinceswithRome.Theorganizationalbondswerebasedonthecommonprinciplesoflawandadministrationandontheuniversalarmyofofficialswhoenforcedcommonstandardsofconduct.Thepsychologicalcontrolswerebuiltonfearandpunishment-ontheabsolutecertaintythata

16、nyoneoranythingthatthreatenedtheauthorityofRomewouldbeutterlydestroyed.托福TPO7浏览题目Part21.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.Theregularityandpowerofstonewallsinsp

17、iredRomansattemptingtounifythepartsoftheirrealm.AlthoughtheRomansuseddifferenttypesofdesignswhenbuildingtheirwalls,theyusedregularcontrolstomaintaintheirrealm.SeveraltypesofcontrolunitedtheRomanrealm,justasdesignandcementheldRomanwallstogether.Romansbuiltwallstounitethevariouspartsoftheirrealmintoas

18、ingleentity,whichwascontrolledbypowerfullaws.2.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingarecontrolsthatheldtogethertheRomanworldEXCEPTadministrativeandlegalsystemsthepresenceofthemilitaryacommonlanguagetransportationnetworksParagraph2:ThesourceofRomanobsessionwithunityandcohesionmaywellhavelaininthepa

19、tternofRomesearlydevelopment.WhereasGreecehadgrownfromscoresofscatteredcities,Romegrewfromonesingleorganism.WhiletheGreekworldhadexpandedalongtheMediterraneanseaslanes,theRomanworldwasassembledbyterritorialconquest.Ofcourse,thecontrastisnotquitesostark:inAlexandertheGreattheGreekshadfoundthegreatest

20、territorialconquerorofalltime;andtheRomans,oncetheymovedoutsideItaly,didnotfailtolearnthelessonsofseapower.Yettheessentialdifferenceisundeniable.ThekeytotheGreekworldlayinitshigh-poweredships;thekeytoRomanpowerlayinitsmarchinglegions.TheGreekswereweddedtothesea;theRomans,totheland.TheGreekwasasailor

21、atheart;theRoman,alandsman.3.Thephraseobsessionwithinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtothinkingaboutfixationoninterestinattitudetoward4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwasNOTcharacteristicofRomesearlydevelopment?ExpansionbyseainvasionTerritorialexpansionExpansionfromoneoriginalsettlementExpansi

22、onthroughinvadingarmies5.WhydoestheauthormentionAlexandertheGreatinthepassage?ToacknowledgethatGreekcivilizationalsoexpandedbylandconquestTocompareGreekleaderstoRomanleadersTogiveanexampleofGreekleaderwhomRomansstudiedToindicatethesuperiororganizationoftheGreekmilitaryParagraph3:Certainly,intryingto

23、explaintheRomanphenomenon,onewouldhavetoplacegreatemphasisonthisalmostinstinctfortheterritorialimperative.Romanprioritieslayintheorganization,exploitation,anddefenseoftheirterritory.InallprobabilityitwasthefertileplainofLatium,wheretheLatinswhofoundedRomeoriginated,thatcreatedthehabitsandskillsoflan

24、dedsettlement,landedproperty,landedeconomy,landedadministration,andaland-basedsociety.FromthisarosetheRomangeniusformilitaryorganizationandorderlygovernment.Inturn,adeepattachmenttotheland,andtothestabilitywhichrurallifeengenders,fosteredtheRomanvirtues:gravitas,asenseofresponsibility,peitas,asenseo

25、fdevotiontofamilyandcountry,andiustitia,asenseofthenaturalorder.6.Thewordfosteredinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoacceptedcombinedintroducedencouraged7.Paragraph3suggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthepeopleofLatium?Theireconomywasbasedontraderelationswithothersettlements.Theyhelddifferentvaluesthanthepe

26、opleofRome.Agricultureplayedasignificantroleinthesociety.Theypossessedunusualknowledgeofanimalinstincts.Paragraph4:ModernattitudestoRomancivilizationrangefromtheinfinitelyimpressedtothethoroughlydisgusted.Asalways,therearethepowerworshippers,especiallyamonghistorians,whoarepredisposedtoadmirewhateve

27、risstrong,whofeelmoreattractedtothemightofRomethantothesubtletyofGreece.Atthesametime,thereisasolidbodyofopinionthatdislikesRome.Formany,RomeisatbesttheimitatorandthecontinuatorofGreeceonalargerscale.Greekcivilizationhadquality;Rome,merequantity.Greecewasoriginal;Rome,derivative.Greecehadstyle;Romeh

28、admoney.Greecewastheinventor;Rome,theresearchanddevelopmentdivision.SuchindeedwastheopinionofsomeofthemoreintellectualRomans.HadtheGreeksheldnoveltyinsuchdisdainaswe,askedHoraceinhisepistle,whatworkofancientdatewouldnowexist?8.Paragraph4indicatesthatsomehistoriansadmireRomancivilizationbecauseofthed

29、iversityofcultureswithinRomansocietyitsstrengthitsinnovativenaturethelargebodyofliteraturethatitdeveloped9.Inparagraph4,theauthordevelopsadescriptionofRomancivilizationbycomparingtheopinionsofRomanintellectualstoGreekintellectualsidentifyingwhichcharacteristicsofRomancivilizationwerecopiedfromGreece

30、explaininghowthedifferencesbetweenRomanandGreecedevelopedastimepassedcontrastingcharacteristicsofRomancivilizationwithcharacteristicsofGreekcivilization10.Accordingtoparagraph4,intellectualRomanssuchasHoraceheldwhichofthefollowingopinionsabouttheircivilization?AncientworksofGreeceheldlittlevalueinth

31、eRomanworld.TheGreekcivilizationhadbeensurpassedbytheRomans.Romancivilizationproducedlittlethatwasoriginalormemorable.RomansvaluedcertaintypesofinnovationsthathadbeenignoredbyancientGreeks.Paragraph5:RomesdebttoGreecewasenormous.TheRomansadoptedGreekreligionandmoralphilosophy.Inliterature,Greekwrite

32、rswereconsciouslyusedasmodelsbytheirLatinsuccessors.ItwasabsolutelyacceptedthataneducatedRomanshouldbefluentinGreek.Inspeculativephilosophyandthesciences,theRomansmadevirtuallynoadvanceonearlyachievements.Paragraph6:YetitwouldbewrongtosuggestthatRomewassomehowajuniorpartnerinGreco-Romancivilization.

33、TheRomangeniuswasprojectedintonewspheres-especiallyintothoseoflaw,militaryorganization,administration,andengineering.Moreover,thetensionsthatarosewithintheRomanstateproducedliteraryandartisticsensibilitiesofthehighestorder.ItwasnoaccidentthatmanyleadingRomansoldiersandstatesmenwerewritersofhighcalib

34、er.11.Thewordspheresinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoabilitiesareascombinationsmodels12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadingRomansoldiersandstatesmenissupportedbyparagraphs5and6?TheycouldreadandwritetheGreeklanguage.Theyfrequentlywrotepoetryandplays.Theyfocusedtheirwritingonmilitarymatters.Theyw

35、roteaccordingtothephilosophicallawsoftheGreeks.Paragraph4:ModernattitudestoRomancivilizationrangefromtheinfinitelyimpressedtothethoroughlydisgusted.Asalways,therearethepowerworshippers,especiallyamonghistorians,whoarepredisposedtoadmirewhateverisstrong,whofeelmoreattractedtothemightofRomethantothesu

36、btletyofGreece.Atthesametime,thereisasolidbodyofopinionthatdislikesRome.Formany,RomeisatbesttheimitatorandthecontinuatorofGreeceonalargerscale.Greekcivilizationhadquality;Rome,merequantity.Greecewasoriginal;Rome,derivative.Greecehadstyle;Romehadmoney.Greecewastheinventor;Rome,theresearchanddevelopme

37、ntdivision.SuchindeedwastheopinionofsomeofthemoreintellectualRomans.HadtheGreeksheldnoveltyinsuchdisdainaswe,askedHoraceinhisepistle,whatworkofancientdatewouldnowexist?13.Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.TheyesteemsymbolsofRomanpower,suchasthemassiveC

38、olosseum.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?14.Direction:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassa

39、georareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionworth2points.TheRomanworlddrewitsstrengthfromseveralimportantsources.AnswerchoicesNumerouscontrolsimposedbyRomanrulershelditsterritorytogether.TheRomanmilitarywasorganizeddifferentlyfromoldermilitaryorganizations.RomansvaluedseapowerasdidtheLatins,theorigina

40、linhabitantsofRome.Romanvalueswererootedinastrongattachmenttothelandandthestabilityofrurallife.RomecombinedaspectsofancientGreekcivilizationwithitsowncontributionsinnewareas.EducatedRomansmodeledtheirownliteratureandphilosophyontheancientGreeks.托福TPO7浏览答案Part2参考答案：1.32.33.24.15.16.47.38.29.410.311.2

41、12.113.214.NumerouscontrolsimposedRomanvalueswererootedRomecombinedaspectsof托福TPO7浏览翻译Part2参考答案：古代罗马和希腊罗马具有一种希腊和其他任何不管是古代的还是如今的文明都不具备的凝聚力。罗马墙上的石块是靠设计的规整和十分有力的水泥而被固定在一起，与此一样，罗马帝国的各个部分也因物理的、组织的和精神的束缚而组成了一个坚若磐石的整体。物理的束缚包括驻扎在每个省的戍卫军组成的网络和连通每个省与罗马的用石头铺成的道路网络。组织上的束缚则基于法律和行政的一般原则，以及遍布各地、统一行动的军政府。精神上的控制则建立在

42、恐惧和惩罚上-毫无疑问，任何人或任何事，只要威胁到罗马的权威，都终将被摧毁。罗马人对统一和团结的执著可能源自于罗马早期的发展形式。希腊是从二十几个分散的城邦发展而来，然而罗马则是从单个组织发展而来。希腊沿着地中海航线扩张，然而罗马帝国则通过领土的占领而壮大。当然，它们的比照也不是那么的绝对：在亚历山大大帝时期，希腊找到了他们整个历史中最大的领地征服者;罗马人虽曾一度迁移到意大利之外，但他们却没有忘记海洋的气力。然而，他们之间本质的区别是不容否认的。希腊世界的关键是强大的船队，而罗马帝国的关键则是他们行进的部队。希腊人死守着海洋，罗马人则死守着土地。希腊人是天生的水手，罗马人则是陆上强兵。毫无疑

43、问的是，为了解释罗马现象，人们应该极大地强调他们的几乎是本能的领土观念。罗马人的天性就在于对领土的组织、扩张和防御。完全可以能是Latium平原-拉丁人最初建立罗马的地方，造就了罗马人陆地定居、陆地财产、陆地经济、陆地行政以及以陆地基础的社会习惯和技巧。在此基础上也产生了罗马人的军事组织和政府管理的才能，。反过来，对土地以及稳定乡村生活的深深的依恋孕育了罗马人的品格：gravitas，一种责任感;peitas，对家庭和国家的牺牲精神;以及iustitia，一种对自然秩序的使命。如今人们对罗马的态度各异，从无限的崇尚到彻底的反感。经常有权威的崇拜者，尤其是在历史学家中，不由自主地推崇强大，他们对

44、罗马权利的欣赏远胜于对希腊狡黠的欣赏。与此同时，有一种固化的观念厌恶罗马。对于很多人而言，罗马至多不过是对希腊更大规模的模拟和延续，希腊文明拥有质量，罗马则仅仅拥有数量。希腊是发明者，而罗马则是研究和发展的分支。这些实际上是一些高智商罗马人的观点。假如希腊人像我们一样轻视创新?Horace在他的信件中问道那么有什么古时候的作品能现存于世呢?罗马确实欠着希腊无数的债务。罗马人吸收了希腊人的宗教和伦理哲学。在文学上，希腊作家被下意识地当作他们拉丁后嗣的模范。毋庸置疑的是，一个受过教育的罗马人一定会讲流利的希腊语。在推理哲学和科学上，罗马人实际上没有超过前期希腊的成就。然而假如以为罗马是希腊-罗马文化的晚辈那就错了。罗马的天才们突破了新的领域-尤其是在法律、军队的组织、管理和工程上。而且，由罗马国家内部产生的压力促使文学和艺术的造诣到达最高水平。所以很多罗马的高级军官和政治家们都是高素质的作家。托福TPO7浏览原文Part2及翻译答案