托福TPO10阅读原文及答案解析Part1.docx

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1、托福TPO10浏览原文及答案解析Part1托福TPO10浏览原文及答案解析Part1托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面我给大家整理了托福TPO10浏览原文及答案解析Part1，望喜欢！托福TPO10浏览原文Part1ChinesePotteryChinahasoneoftheworldsoldestcontinuouscivilizations-despiteinvasionsandoccasionalforeignrule.AcountryasvastasChinawithsolong-lastingacivilizationhasac

2、omplexsocialandvisualhistory,withinwhichpotteryandporcelainplayamajorrole.ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypes-earthenw

3、are,stoneware,andporcelain-forvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.Theearliestceramicswerefiredtoearthenwaretemperatures,butasearlyasthefifteenthcenturyB.C.

4、,high-temperaturestonewareswerebeingmadewithglazedsurfaces.DuringtheSixDynastiesperiod(AD265-589),kilnsinnorthChinawereproducinghigh-firedceramicsofgoodquality.WhitewaresproducedinHebeiandHenanprovincesfromtheseventhtothetenthcenturiesevolvedintothehighlyprizedporcelainsoftheSongdynasty(AD.960-1279)

5、,longregardedasoneofthehighpointsinthehistoryofChinasceramicindustry.Thetraditionofreligioussculptureextendsovermosthistoricalperiodsbutislessclearlydelineatedthanthatofstonewaresorporcelains,foritembracestheoldcustomofearthenwareburialceramicswithlaterreligiousimagesandarchitecturalornament.Ceramic

6、productsalsoincludelead-glazedtombmodelsoftheHandynasty,three-colorlead-glazedvesselsandfiguresoftheTangdynasty,andMingthree-colortempleornaments,inwhichthemotifswereoutlinedinaraisedtrailofslip-aswellasthemanyburialceramicsproducedinimitationofvesselsmadeinmaterialsofhigherintrinsicvalue.Tradebetwe

7、entheWestandthesettledandprosperousChinesedynastiesintroducednewformsanddifferenttechnologies.Oneofthemostfar-reachingexamplesistheimpactofthefineninth-centuryAD.ChineseporcelainwaresimportedintotheArabworld.Soadmiredwerethesepiecesthattheyencouragedthedevelopmentofearthenwaremadeinimitationofporcel

8、ainandinstigatedresearchintothemethodoftheirmanufacture.FromtheMiddleEasttheChineseacquiredabluepigment-apurifiedformofcobaltoxideunobtainableatthattimeinChina-thatcontainedonlyalowlevelofmanganese.CobaltoresfoundinChinahaveahighmanganesecontent,whichproducesamoremutedblue-graycolor.Intheseventeenth

9、century,thetradingactivitiesoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyresultedinvastquantitiesofdecoratedChineseporcelainbeingbroughttoEurope,whichstimulatedandinfluencedtheworkofawidevarietyofwares,notablyDelft.TheChinesethemselvesadaptedmanyspecificvesselformsfromtheWest,suchasbottleswithlongspouts,anddesignedara

10、ngeofdecorativepatternsespeciallyfortheEuropeanmarket.JustaspainteddesignsonGreekpotsmayseemtodaytobepurelydecorative,whereasinfacttheywerecarefullyandpreciselyworkedoutsothatatthetime,theirmeaningwasclear,soitiswithChinesepots.Totwentieth-centuryeyes,Chinesepotterymayappearmerelydecorative,yettothe

11、Chinesetheformofeachobjectanditsadornmenthadmeaningandsignificance.Thedragonrepresentedtheemperor,andthephoenix,theempress;thepomegranateindicatedfertility,andapairoffish,happiness;mandarinducksstoodforweddedbliss;thepinetree,peach,andcraneareemblemsoflonglife;andfishleapingfromwavesindicatedsuccess

12、inthecivilserviceexaminations.OnlywhenEuropeandecorativethemeswereintroduceddidthesemeaningsbecomeobscuredorevenlost.Fromearlytimespotswereusedinbothreligiousandsecularcontexts.TheimperialcourtcommissionedworkandintheYuandynasty(A.D.1279-1368)animperialceramicfactorywasestablishedatJingdezhen.Potspl

13、ayedanimportantpartinsomereligiousceremonies.Longandoftenlyricaldescriptionsofthedifferenttypesofwareexistthatassistinclassifyingpots,althoughthesesometimesconfuseanalreadylargeandcomplicatedpicture.Paragraph2:ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,bur

14、ial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypes-earthenware,stoneware,andporcelain-forvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligiousu

15、se,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.托福TPO10浏览题目Part11.Thewordstatusinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtooriginimportancequalitydesign2.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbette

16、rdocumentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.Paragraph3:Theearliestceramicswerefiredtoearthenwaretemperatures,butasearlyasthefifteenthcenturyB.C.,high-temperaturestonewares

17、werebeingmadewithglazedsurfaces.DuringtheSixDynastiesperiod(AD265-589),kilnsinnorthChinawereproducinghigh-firedceramicsofgoodquality.WhitewaresproducedinHebeiandHenanprovincesfromtheseventhtothetenthcenturiesevolvedintothehighlyprizedporcelainsoftheSongdynasty(AD.960-1279),longregardedasoneofthehigh

18、pointsinthehistoryofChinasceramicindustry.Thetraditionofreligioussculptureextendsovermosthistoricalperiodsbutislessclearlydelineatedthanthatofstonewaresorporcelains,foritembracestheoldcustomofearthenwareburialceramicswithlaterreligiousimagesandarchitecturalornament.Ceramicproductsalsoincludelead-gla

19、zedtombmodelsoftheHandynasty,three-colorlead-glazedvesselsandfiguresoftheTangdynasty,andMingthree-colortempleornaments,inwhichthemotifswereoutlinedinaraisedtrailofslip-aswellasthemanyburialceramicsproducedinimitationofvesselsmadeinmaterialsofhigherintrinsicvalue.3.Thewordevolveinthepassageisclosesti

20、nmeaningtodividedextendeddevelopedvanished4.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.Whilestonewaresandporcelainsarefoundthroughoutmosthistoricalperiods,religiousscul

21、ptureislimitedtotheancientperiod.Religioussculpturewascreatedinmostperiods,butitshistoryislessclearthanthatofstonewaresorporcelainsbecausesomeoldformscontinuedtobeusedevenwhennewonesweredeveloped.Whilestonewaresandporcelainschangedthroughouthistory,religioussculptureremaineduniforminformanduse.Thehi

22、storicaldevelopmentofreligioussculptureisrelativelyunclearbecausereligioussculpturessometimesresembleearthenwarearchitecturalornaments.5.Paragraph3supportsallofthefollowingconcerningthehistoryoftheceramicindustryinChinaEXCEPT:Theearliesthigh-firedceramicswereofpoorquality.CeramicsproducedduringtheTa

23、ngandMingdynastiessometimesincorporatedmultiplecolors.EarthenwareceramicswereproducedinChinabeforestonewareswere.TheSongdynastyperiodwasnotablefortheproductionofhighqualityporcelainceramics.Paragraph4:TradebetweentheWestandthesettledandprosperousChinesedynastiesintroducednewformsanddifferenttechnolo

24、gies.Oneofthemostfar-reachingexamplesistheimpactofthefineninth-centuryAD.ChineseporcelainwaresimportedintotheArabworld.Soadmiredwerethesepiecesthattheyencouragedthedevelopmentofearthenwaremadeinimitationofporcelainandinstigatedresearchintothemethodoftheirmanufacture.FromtheMiddleEasttheChineseacquir

25、edabluepigment-apurifiedformofcobaltoxideunobtainableatthattimeinChina-thatcontainedonlyalowlevelofmanganese.CobaltoresfoundinChinahaveahighmanganesecontent,whichproducesamoremutedblue-graycolor.Intheseventeenthcentury,thetradingactivitiesoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyresultedinvastquantitiesofdecorated

26、ChineseporcelainbeingbroughttoEurope,whichstimulatedandinfluencedtheworkofawidevarietyofwares,notablyDelft.TheChinesethemselvesadaptedmanyspecificvesselformsfromtheWest,suchasbottleswithlongspouts,anddesignedarangeofdecorativepatternsespeciallyfortheEuropeanmarket.6.Thewordinstigateinthepassageisclo

27、sestinmeaningtoimprovedinvestigatednarrowedcaused7.Accordingtoparagraph4,oneconsequenceofthetradeofChineseceramicswasthetransferofadistinctivebluepigmentfromChinatotheMiddleEastanimmediatechangefromearthenwareproductiontoporcelainproductioninEuropeancountriesChineseproductionofwaresmadefortheEuropea

28、nmarketadecreasednumberofporcelainvesselsavailableontheEuropeanmarketParagraph5:JustaspainteddesignsonGreekpotsmayseemtodaytobepurelydecorative,whereasinfacttheywerecarefullyandpreciselyworkedoutsothatatthetime,theirmeaningwasclear,soitiswithChinesepots.Totwentieth-centuryeyes,Chinesepotterymayappea

29、rmerelydecorative,yettotheChinesetheformofeachobjectanditsadornmenthadmeaningandsignificance.Thedragonrepresentedtheemperor,andthephoenix,theempress;thepomegranateindicatedfertility,andapairoffish,happiness;mandarinducksstoodforweddedbliss;thepinetree,peach,andcraneareemblemsoflonglife;andfishleapin

30、gfromwavesindicatedsuccessinthecivilserviceexaminations.OnlywhenEuropeandecorativethemeswereintroduceddidthesemeaningsbecomeobscuredorevenlost.8.Thewordwhereasinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtowhilepreviouslysurprisinglybecause9.Inparagraph5,theauthorcomparesthedesignsonChinesepotstothoseonGreekpotsin

31、ordertoemphasizethatwhileChinesepotsweredecorative,GreekpotswerefunctionalarguethatthedesignsonChinesepotshadspecificmeaningsandwerenotjustdecorativearguethattwentieth-centuryscholarsarebetterabletounderstandthesedesignsthanwereancientscholarsexplainhowscholarshaveidentifiedthemeaningofspecificimage

32、sonChinesepots10.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinparagraph5asbeingsymbolicallyrepresentedonChineseceramics?Chineserulersloveofhomelandloyallytofriendssuccessintrade11.Paragraph5suggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthedecorationsonChinesepottery?Theyhadmoreimportanceforaristocratsthanforordinarycitizens.T

33、heirsignificancemayhaveremainedclearhadtheChinesenotcomeunderforeigninfluence.TheycontainsomeofthesameimagesthatappearonGreekpotsTheirsignificanceisnowascleartotwentiethcenturyobserversasitwastotheearlyChinese.Paragraph6:Fromearlytimespotswereusedinbothreligiousandsecularcontexts.Theimperialcourtcom

34、missionedworkandintheYuandynasty(A.D.1279-1368)animperialceramicfactorywasestablishedatJingdezhen.Potsplayedanimportantpartinsomereligiousceremonies.Longandoftenlyricaldescriptionsofthedifferenttypesofwareexistthatassistinclassifyingpots,althoughthesesometimesconfuseanalreadylargeandcomplicatedpictu

35、re.12.ThewordtheseinthepassagereferstoreligiousceremoniesdescriptionstypesofwarepotsParagraph4:TradebetweentheWestandthesettledandprosperousChinesedynastiesintroducednewformsanddifferenttechnologies.Oneofthemostfar-reachingexamplesistheimpactofthefineninth-centuryAD.Chineseporcelainwaresimportedinto

36、theArabworld.Soadmiredwerethesepiecesthattheyencouragedthedevelopmentofearthenwaremadeinimitationofporcelainandinstigatedresearchintothemethodoftheirmanufacture.FromtheMiddleEasttheChineseacquiredabluepigment-apurifiedformofcobaltoxideunobtainableatthattimeinChina-thatcontainedonlyalowlevelofmangane

37、se.CobaltoresfoundinChinahaveahighmanganesecontent,whichproducesamoremutedblue-graycolor.Intheseventeenthcentury,thetradingactivitiesoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyresultedinvastquantitiesofdecoratedChineseporcelainbeingbroughttoEurope,whichstimulatedandinfluencedtheworkofawidevarietyofwares,notablyDelft

38、.TheChinesethemselvesadaptedmanyspecificvesselformsfromtheWest,suchasbottleswithlongspouts,anddesignedarangeofdecorativepatternsespeciallyfortheEuropeanmarket.13.Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Foreigntradewasalsoresponsibleforcertaininnovationsincol

39、oring.Wherecouldthesentencebestfit?14.Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatnotpresentedinthepassageorareminor

40、ideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.CeramicshavebeenproducedinChinaforaverylongtime.AnswerchoicesTheChineseproducedearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainpotteryandtheyusedtheirceramicsforavarietyofutilitarian,architectural,andceremonialpurposes.Theshapeanddecorationofceramicsproducedforreligiou

41、suseinChinawereinfluencedbyChineseceramicsproducedforexport.Asaresultoftraderelations,ChineseceramicproductionchangedandChineseinfluencedtheceramicsproductionofothercountries.Chineseburialceramicshavethelongestandmostvariedhistoryofproductionandwerefrequentlydecoratedwithwrittentextsthathelpscholars

42、datethem.BeforeChinahadcontactwiththeWest,themeaningofvariousdesignsusedtodecorateChineseceramicswaswellunderstood.Ceramicsmadeinimperialfactorieswereusedinbothreligiousandnon-religiouscontexts.托福TPO10浏览答案Part1参考答案：1.22.43.34.25.16.47.38.19.210.111.212.213.214.TheChineseproducedAsaresultoftradeBefor

43、eChinahadcontact托福TPO10浏览翻译Part1参考翻译：中国的陶瓷尽管中国曾饱受入侵，偶然丧失主权受制于外国，她仍然拥有世界上最源远流长的文明。像中国一个拥有悠久文明的大国，而陶瓷在其复杂的社会历史以及视觉历史中扮演了极为重要的角色。在中国，每一个朝代陶瓷的功能和地位都是不同的，所以，根据它们的质量和制作年代的不同，能够是实用器物、陪葬品、贸易珍藏品，甚至是礼器。对于容器、瓦片等建筑材料、模拟的物体或人物，陶瓷广义上被分为3大类：陶器、炻器和瓷器。另外，瓷器中还有很重要的一类就是宗教用处的雕塑，它们多数是陶质的。尽管最早的陶瓷是在制陶的温度下烧制的，但是早在公元前15世纪，就

44、已经出现了上釉的高温炻器。六朝时期(公元265-589年)，中国北方就有窑炉在烧制优质的高温瓷器。从7世纪到10世纪，河北以及河南省产的白瓷逐步演变成为享有盛名的宋瓷(公元960-1279年)-长久以来被以为是中国陶瓷业历史中的巅峰时期之一。宗教雕塑的传统在大部分历史时期中都有延续，但是没有炻器和瓷器质地的雕塑描绘的那么明晰，有一种古老的风俗，就是将刻着新的宗教形象和建筑装饰的陶器作为陪葬品。瓷制品还包括汉朝的铅釉随葬陶俑，唐朝的三彩铅釉器皿和人物，明朝的以泥釉凸纹展现轮廓的三彩寺庙装饰物以及很多用来仿制贵重器皿的陪葬瓷器。西方国家和繁荣稳定的历代中国朝代之间的贸易促使双方相互引入了新的形式和

45、不同的技术。有一个意义最为深远的例子，公元9世纪精巧中国瓷器出口到阿拉伯世界，带来宏大的影响。阿拉伯人对这些瓷器赞不绝口，于是他们鼓励制陶来仿制瓷器，并鼓励人们研究制作方法。中国人从中东获得了一种蓝色颜料-一种纯化的氧化钴，当时在中国并未出现，其中只含有少量的锰。中国境内发现的钴矿石含有大量的会产生暗蓝灰色的锰元素。17世纪，大量中国装饰类瓷器通过荷兰东印度公司的交易活动流入欧洲，这刺激和影响了广泛多样的瓷器的生产，十分是代尔夫特。中国人本人改进了很多种来自西方的特殊器皿，比方长嘴的瓶子，并专门为欧洲市场设计了一系列装饰性图案。就像希腊的陶器上所绘的图案，今天看来也许纯粹是为了装饰，然而事实上

46、在当时它们都是人们精心烧制而成的，它们的意义在当时非常明确，中国的瓷器也是如此。以20世纪的目光来看，中国制造的陶瓷也许仅仅是装饰品，但是对于中国人来讲每个物件的形状及它的装饰都有寓意非凡，影响深远。龙代表皇帝，凤代表皇后;石榴意味着多子，双鱼意味着幸福;鸳鸯寓意着婚姻幸福美满;松树、桃树以及鹤都是长寿的象征;鱼跃出水面意味着科举考试会高中。但是欧洲的装饰主题被引进后，这些寓意就变得不再那么流行甚至丢失了。陶瓷器皿在很早期就已用于宗教和日常生活中。朝廷分派了制作工作，并于元朝(公元1279-1368年)在景德镇设立了一座官窑。陶瓷器皿在一些宗教仪式上也有着重要的地位。现存的关于不同类型的陶瓷器具很多长篇且抒情的描绘能够帮助我们对其进行分类，尽管这些描绘有时候会使得一幅大而复杂的画面显得混乱。代尔夫特陶器(荷兰产,通常是青色、白色)托福TPO10浏览原文及答案解析Part1