托福阅读与四六级阅读难易度差距分析_1.docx

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1、托福浏览与四六级浏览难易度差距分析托福浏览与四六级浏览难易度差距分析对于很多备考托福的学生来讲，也有很多人是大学生，也就是刚刚经历过四六级的英语考试。在备考托福的时候，往往也是很想了解一下，在托福浏览考试中，其难度究竟和英语四六级考试有何差异呢?下面我们就为大家具体分析一下。托福浏览与四六级浏览难易度差距分析分段浏览做题，省去“扫读的时间在四六级考试中，浏览时间也很少，固然单词相对简单，但是篇幅较长，逐字浏览肯定是没有时间的，所以做题技巧中扫读是很重要的环节，目的是找到与题目相关的段落或者语句才能找到做题根据。而在托福考试中，是每浏览完一段就做只涉及该段的题目，信息集中，重要的是节省了大量的时

2、间，缓解了托福浏览文章通篇的眩晕感。而这部分题目就是四六级中常讲的细节题。文章讲明性强，生词不必怕托福浏览考试中对单词量的要求还是很大的，即便单词量很大了，也难免会遇上生僻词的情况，而托福考试中选用的文章讲明性十分强，往往是自定义自解释的形式，碰到生词，即便不知道什么意思，可以以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系，运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。其次，还能够分析选项，进行比照，往往会发现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项，此时再仔细重读原文就能够排除错误选项了。近义词选择有技巧几乎每段中都会有生词意思辨析题，有些词考生一看就认识，这样的题目就很容易了，但是也不能粗心大意，假如时间富有或者把握不

3、大，能够把选项带入文章中检查一遍。对于那些不认识的词汇，也是有很多技巧的。首先是分析词性，采用排除法排除词性不一致的选项。其次是用代入法。选项中给出的词意一般就是考生认识的，将选项带入，分析一下能否能够保证原文合情合理，通畅。分段浏览打基础，全篇文章心里明在分段浏览的同时，能够记下关键词或者中心句，在文章结束时就能够有根据回想起整篇文章的脉络构造，逻辑关系，对14题的选择有很大帮助。同时题目中也明确给了做题方法，即没有提到的信息或者不重要的观点就能够排除了。总之，由此我们能够看出，托福的浏览考试，固然在词汇量和内容量上要高于四六级考试。同时，其浏览内容愈加注重逻辑性，所以我们在备考的经过中，要

4、更为讲求方法的应对。托福浏览TPO32第3篇:热带蜂群的分布【1】In1977ecologistsStephenHubbellandLeslieJohnsonrecordedadramaticexampleofhowsocialinteractionscanproduceandenforceregularspacinginapopulation.TheystudiedcompetitionandnestspacinginpopulationsofstinglessbeesintropicaldryforestsinCostaRica.Thoughthesebeesdonosting,rival

5、coloniesofsomespeciesfightfiercelyoverpotentialnestingsites.Stinglessbeesareabundantintropicalandsubtropicalenvironments,wheretheygathernectarandpollenfromawidevarietyofflowers.Theygenerallynestintreesandliveincoloniesmadeupofhundredstothousandsofworkers.HubbellandJohnsonobservedthatsomespeciesofsti

6、nglessbeesarehighlyaggressivetomembersoftheirspeciesfromothercolonies,whileotherspeciesarenot.Aggressivespeciesusuallyforageingroupsandfeedmainlyonflowersthatoccurinhigh-densityclumps.Nonaggressivespeciesfeedsinglyorinsmallgroupsandonmorewidelydistributedflowers.【2】HubbellandJohnsonstudiedseveralspe

7、ciesofstinglessbeestodeterminewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweenaggressivenessandpatternsofcolonydistribution.Theypredictedthatthecoloniesofaggressivespecieswouldshowregulardistributions,whilethoseofnonaggressivespecieswouldshowrandomorcloselygrouped(clumped)distribution.Theyconcentratedtheirstudies

8、onathirteen-hectaretractoftropicaldryforestthatcontainednumerousnestsofninespeciesofstinglessbees.【3】ThoughHubbellandJohnsonwereinterestedinhowbeebehaviormightaffectcolonydistributions,theyrecognizedthattheavailabilityofpotentialnestsitesforcoloniescouldalsoaffectdistributions.Soasoneofthefirststeps

9、intheirstudy,theymappedthedistributionsoftreessuitablefornesting.Theyfoundthatpotentialnesttreesweredistributedrandomlythroughthestudyarea.Theyalsofoundthatthenumberofpotentialnestsiteswasmuchgreaterthanthenumberofbeecolonies.Whatdidthesemeasurementsshowtheresearchers?Thenumberofcoloniesinthestudyar

10、eawasnotlimitedbyavailabilityofsuitabletrees,andaclumpedorregulardistributionofcolonieswasnotduetoanunderlyingclumpedorregulardistributionofpotentialnestsites.【4】HubbellandJohnsonmappedthenestsoffiveoftheninespeciesofstinglessbeesaccurately,andthenestsoffourofthesespeciesweredistributedregularly.All

11、fourspecieswithregularnestdistributionswerehighlyaggressivetobeesfromothercoloniesoftheirownspecies.Thefifthspecieswasnotaggressive,anditsnestswererandomlydistributedoverthestudyarea.【5】Theresearchersalsostudiedtheprocessbywhichtheaggressivespeciesestablishnewcolonies.Theirobservationsprovideinsight

12、sintothemechanismsthatestablishandmaintaintheregularnestdistributionofthesespecies.Aggressivespeciesapparentlymarkprospectivenestsiteswithpheromones,chemicalsubstancessecretedbysomeanimalsforcommunicationwithothermembersoftheirspecies.Thepheromonesecretedbythesestinglessbeesattractsandaggregatesmemb

13、ersoftheircolonytotheprospectivenestsite;however,italsoattractsworkersfromothernests.【6】Ifworkersfromtwodifferentcoloniesarriveattheprospectivenestatthesametime,theymayfightforpossession.Fightsmaybeescalatedintoprotractedbattles.Theresearchersobservedbattlesoveranesttreethatlastedfortwoweeks.Eachdaw

14、n,fifteentothirtyworkersfromtwocompetingcoloniesarrivedatthecontestednestsite.Theworkersfromthetwocoloniesfacedoffintwoswarmsanddisplayedandfoughtwitheachother.Inthedisplays,pairsofbeesfacedeachother,slowlyflewverticallytoaheightofaboutthreemeters,andthengrappledeachothertotheground.Whenthetwobeeshi

15、ttheground,theyseparated,facedoff,andperformedanotheraerialdisplay.Beesdidnotappeartobeinjuredinthesefights,whichwereapparentlyritualized.Thetwoswarmsabandonedthebattleatabout8or9a.m.eachmorning,onlytore-formandbeginagainthenextdayjustafterdawn.Whilethiscontestoveranunoccupiednestsiteproducednoobvio

16、usmortality,fightsoveroccupiednestssometimeskillover1,000beesinasinglebattle.托福浏览TPO32第3篇题目:热带蜂群的分布1.Thewordrivalinthepassage(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningtoA.established.Bpeting.C.nearby.D.different.2.Accordingtoparagraph2,somespeciesofstinglessbeesareaggressivemainlytowardA.non-aggressivebeesthatf

17、orageonthesameflowers.B.aggressivebeesofotherspecies.C.beesfromtheirowncolony.D.beesoftheirownspeciesfromdifferentcolonies.3.Accordingtoparagraph3,HubbellandJohnsonhypothesizedthatA.thedistributionpatternofbeecoloniesdeterminesthedegreeofaggressivenessthebeesdisplay.B.nestsofnonaggressivebeeshaveeit

18、herarandomoraclumpeddistribution,whilenestsofaggressivebeeshavearegulardistribution.C.nestsofnonaggressivebeesaregenerallybothclosertogetherandmoreregularlydistributedthanthoseofaggressivebees.D.nestsofaggressivebeestendtobemoreregularinshapethanthoseofnon-aggressivebees.4.Accordingtoparagraph4,whyd

19、idHubbellandJohnsonbegintheirstudybymappingallthepotentialnestsites?A.Todeterminewhethertheavailabilityofpotentialnestsitesplayedaroleinthedistributionofbeecolonies.B.Toknowexactlywhereinthestudyareathecoloniesofallthedifferentbeespecieswerelocated.C.Tobesurethatsuitablenestingsiteswereequallyavaila

20、bleinallpartsofthestudyarea.D.Tofindoutwhetherdifferentspeciesofbeespreferreddifferenttypesoftreesaspotentialnestsites.5.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.Th

21、elimitednumberofcolonieswasnotduetothedistributionoravailabilityofpotentialnestingsites.B.Therewasnolackofsuitabletreesorpotentialnestingsitesinthestudyarea.C.Thenumberofnestswasdirectlyrelatedtothenumberorthedistributionofsuitabletrees.D.Neitherthenumbernorthedistributionofcoloniescouldbeexplainedb

22、ytheavailabilityofsuitablenestsites.6.Accordingtoparagraph5,HubbellandJohnsondeterminedA.theorderinwhichthecoloniesinthestudyareahadbeenestablished.B.thelevelofaggressivenessofeachoftheninespecies.C.thedistributionpatternofthenestsoffiveoftheninespecies.D.thenumberofcoloniesofeachoftheninespecies.7.

23、WhydoestheauthorindicatethatThefifthspecieswasnotaggressive,anditsnestswererandomlydistributedoverthestudyarea(paragraph5)?A.ToidentifyresearchresultsthatcontradictedHubbellandJohnsonsoriginalhypothesis.B.Toindicatethatresearchresultsconfirmedthatnestdistributionwasrelatedtoaggressiveness.C.Tointrod

24、ucethehypothesisthat,withinthesamespecies,notallcoloniesareaggressive.D.Topointoutthatbothaggressiveandnonaggressivespeciesareequallysuccessfulatfindingnestsites.8.Thephraseinsightsintointhepassage(paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningtoA.toolstostudy.B.opportunitiesfor.C.evidenceof.D.anunderstandingof.9.Ac

25、cordingtoparagraph6,whatisoneresultofusingpheromonestomarknestsites?A.Theuseofpheromonestendstoresultinnestclumping.B.Pheromonesattractanimalsotherthanbeestoprospectivenestsites.C.Pheromonestendtomakebeesaggressive.D.Pheromonessecretedbybeesofonecolonyalsoattractbeesofothercolonies.10.Thewordescalat

26、edinthepassage(paragraph7)isclosestinmeaningtoA.intensified.B.transformed.Cbined.D.lengthened.11.Paragraph7supportswhichofthefollowingideasaboutfightsoveroccupiednests?A.Theyaremoreviolentthanbattlesoverunoccupiednestsites.B.Theymostlyoccurbetweencoloniesofdifferentspecies.C.Theyaremorefrequentthanb

27、attlesoverunoccupiedsites.D.Theylastlongerthanbattlesoverunoccupiedsitesdo.12.Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wheredoesthesentencebestfit?Forexample,aclumpeddistributionofnestsmightsimplyreflectaclumpeddistributionofsuitablenestingsites.ThoughHubbell

28、andJohnsonwereinterestedinhowbeebehaviormightaffectcolonydistributions,theyrecognizedthattheavailabilityofpotentialnestsitesforcoloniescouldalsoaffectdistributions.【A】Soasoneofthefirststepsintheirstudy,theymappedthedistributionsoftreessuitablefornesting.【B】Theyfoundthatpotentialnesttreesweredistribu

29、tedrandomlythroughthestudyarea.【C】Theyalsofoundthatthenumberofpotentialnestsiteswasmuchgreaterthanthenumberofbeecolonies.【D】Whatdidthesemeasurementsshowtheresearchers?Thenumberofcoloniesinthestudyareawasnotlimitedbyavailabilityofsuitabletrees,andaclumpedorregulardistributionofcolonieswasnotduetoanun

30、derlyingclumpedorregulardistributionofpotentialnestsites.13.Selectfromthesevensentencesbelowthethreesentencesthatcorrectlycharacterizeaggressivespeciesofstinglessbeesandthetwosentencesthatcorrectlycharacterizenonaggressivespecies.A.Nestsareregularlydistributed.B.Nestsaresometimeslocatedclosetogether

31、.C.Nestsalwaysoccurinlargeclumps.D.Coloniesaregenerallymadeupoffewerthan100workers.E.Membersofacolonyfeedaloneorinsmallgroups.F.Beesfeedmainlyonflowersthatgrowinhigh-densityclumps.G.NestspacingismaintainedbyfightingnonaggressiveStinglessBees.托福浏览TPO32第3篇答案:热带蜂群的分布1.rival竞争的，对应B。2.该段第三句：aggressivetom

32、embersoftheirspeciesfromothercolonies。3.该段第二句：他们预测攻击性种群有规则分布然而非攻击性种群展现出随机或成群分布。4.该段第一句：他们意识到潜在的巢穴也会影响分布。5.原句表达了两个意思:1.实际巢穴的数量不受潜在数量的限制;2成群还是规则分布也不受潜在巢穴的分布样式的影响。A选项错在limitednumberofcolonies，原句没有提到;B选项错在于原句意思完全无关;C选项错在意思与原句相反;D选项neithernor的两个否认完全表现出了原句中关系，正确。6.该段第一句前半句：准确描绘了9个巢穴中的5个巢穴的样式。7.4个巢穴规则样式，其蜜

33、蜂就有攻击性;1个巢穴随机样式，其蜜蜂就没有表示出攻击性，即肯定了前文的预测。8.insight洞察力，领悟，对应D。9.该段最后一句;分泌出信息素同样能够吸引其他巢穴的工蜂。10.escalate升级，上升;对应A选项，intensify(使)加强，(使)加剧。11.该段最后一句:争夺空巢的战斗没有明显的伤亡，然而争夺已占巢穴会造成尸横遍野。12.题干forexample表明是个例子，只要将其放在对应的观点句后即可。巢穴的成群分布反响了适宜巢穴的成群分布，对应第一句的观点句。13.A选项对应第5段第2句;B选项对应第3段第2句和第5段第2句，所以sometimes正确;C选项错在always;D选项是原文中没有明确讲明的信息;E选项对应第2段最后1句;F选项对应第2段倒数第2句;G选项对应第6，7段。托福浏览与四六级浏览难易度差距分析