TPO6托福浏览文本Part3答案解析.docx
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1、TPO6托福浏览文本Part3答案解析TPO6托福浏览文本Part3答案解析TPO对于我们的托福备考非常有用,大家还在苦于找不到资料吗?下面我给大家带来TPO6托福浏览文本Part3答案解析,希望能够帮助到你们。托福TPO6浏览文本Part3InfantileAmnesiaWhatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears.Adultsmemoriesofthenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty.
2、Mostpeoplerememberonlyafewevents-usuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistinctive,suchasbeinghospitalizedorasiblingsbirth.Howmightthisinabilitytorecallearlyexperiencesbeexplained?Thesheerpassageoftimedoesnotaccountforit;adultshaveexcellentrecognitionofpicturesofpeoplewhoattendedhighschoolwiththem35yearse
3、arlier.Anotherseeminglyplausibleexplanation-thatinfantsdonotformenduringmemoriesatthispointindevelopment-alsoisincorrect.Childrentwoandahalftothreeyearsoldrememberexperiencesthatoccurredintheirfirstyear,andelevenmontholdsremembersomeeventsayearlater.Nordoesthehypothesisthatinfantileamnesiareflectsre
4、pression-orholdingback-ofsexuallychargedepisodesexplainthephenomenon.Whilesuchrepressionmayoccur,peoplecannotrememberordinaryeventsfromtheinfantandtoddlerperiodseither.Threeotherexplanationsseemmorepromising.Oneinvolvesphysiologicalchangesrelevanttomemory.Maturationofthefrontallobesofthebraincontinu
5、esthroughoutearlychildhood,andthispartofthebrainmaybecriticalforrememberingparticularepisodesinwaysthatcanberetrievedlater.Demonstrationsofinfantsandtoddlerslong-termmemoryhaveinvolvedtheirrepeatingmotoractivitiesthattheyhadseenordoneearlier,suchasreachinginthedarkforobjects,puttingabottleinadollsmo
6、uth,orpullingaparttwopiecesofatoy.Thebrainslevelofphysiologicalmaturationmaysupportthesetypesofmemories,butnotonesrequiringexplicitverbaldescriptions.Asecondexplanationinvolvestheinfluenceofthesocialworldonchildrenslanguageuse.Hearingandtellingstoriesabouteventsmayhelpchildrenstoreinformationinwayst
7、hatwillendureintolaterchildhoodandadulthood.Throughhearingstorieswithaclearbeginning,middle,andendingchildrenmaylearntoextractthegistofeventsinwaysthattheywillbeabletodescribemanyyearslater.Consistentwiththisview,parentsandchildrenincreasinglyengageindiscussionsofpasteventswhenchildrenareaboutthreey
8、earsold.However,hearingsuchstoriesisnotsufficientforyoungerchildrentoformenduringmemories.Tellingsuchstoriestotwoyearoldsdoesnotseemtoproducelong-lastingverbalizablememories.Athirdlikelyexplanationforinfantileamnesiainvolvesincompatibilitiesbetweenthewaysinwhichinfantsencodeinformationandthewaysinwh
9、icholderchildrenandadultsretrieveit.Whetherpeoplecanrememberaneventdependscriticallyonthefitbetweenthewayinwhichtheyearlierencodedtheinformationandthewayinwhichtheylaterattempttoretrieveit.Thebetterablethepersonistoreconstructtheperspectivefromwhichthematerialwasencoded,themorelikelythatrecallwillbe
10、successful.Thisviewissupportedbyavarietyoffactorsthatcancreatemismatchesbetweenveryyoungchildrensencodingandolderchildrensandadultsretrievalefforts.Theworldlooksverydifferenttoapersonwhoseheadisonlytwoorthreefeetabovethegroundthantoonewhoseheadisfiveorsixfeetaboveit.Olderchildrenandadultsoftentrytor
11、etrievethenamesofthingstheysaw,butinfantswouldnothaveencodedtheinformationverbally.Generalknowledgeofcategoriesofeventssuchasabirthdaypartyoravisittothedoctorsofficehelpsolderindividualsencodetheirexperiences,butagain,infantsandtoddlersareunlikelytoencodemanyexperienceswithinsuchknowledgestructures.
12、Thesethreeexplanationsofinfantileamnesiaarenotmutuallyexclusive;indeed,theysupporteachother.Physiologicalimmaturitymaybepartofwhyinfantsandtoddlersdonotformextremelyenduringmemories,evenwhentheyhearstoriesthatpromotesuchrememberinginpreschoolers.Hearingthestoriesmayleadpreschoolerstoencodeaspectsofe
13、ventsthatallowthemtoformmemoriestheycanaccessasadults.Conversely,improvedencodingofwhattheyhearmayhelpthembetterunderstandandrememberstoriesandthusmakethestoriesmoreusefulforrememberingfutureevents.Thus,allthreeexplanations-physiologicalmaturation,hearingandproducingstoriesaboutpastevents,andimprove
14、dencodingofkeyaspectsofevents-seemlikelytobeinvolvedinovercominginfantileamnesia.Paragraph2:Howmightthisinabilitytorecallearlyexperiencesbeexplained?Thesheerpassageoftimedoesnotaccountforit;adultshaveexcellentrecognitionofpicturesofpeoplewhoattendedhighschoolwiththem35yearsearlier.Anotherseeminglypl
15、ausibleexplanation-thatinfantsdonotformenduringmemoriesatthispointindevelopment-alsoisincorrect.Childrentwoandahalftothreeyearsoldrememberexperiencesthatoccurredintheirfirstyear,andelevenmontholdsremembersomeeventsayearlater.Nordoesthehypothesisthatinfantileamnesiareflectsrepression-orholdingback-of
16、sexuallychargedepisodesexplainthephenomenon.Whilesuchrepressionmayoccur,peoplecannotrememberordinaryeventsfromtheinfantandtoddlerperiodseither.托福TPO6浏览题目Part31.Whatpurposedoesparagraph2serveinthelargerdiscussionofchildrensinabilitytorecallearlyexperiences?Toarguethattheoriesthatarenotsubstantiatedby
17、evidenceshouldgenerallybeconsideredunreliableToarguethatthehypothesesmentionedinparagraph2havebeenmorethoroughlyresearchedthanhavethetheoriesmentionedlaterinthepassageToexplainwhysometheoriesaboutinfantileamnesiaarewrongbeforepresentingonesmorelikelytobetrueToexplainwhyinfantileamnesiaisofgreatinter
18、esttoresearchers2.Thewordplausibleinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoflexiblebelievabledebatablepredictable3.Thewordphenomenoninthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoexceptionrepetitionoccurrenceidea4.Allofthefollowingtheoriesabouttheinabilitytorecallearlyexperiencesarerejectedinparagraph2EXCEPT:Theabilitytore
19、callaneventdecreasesasthetimeaftertheeventincreases.Youngchildrenarenotcapableofformingmemoriesthatlastformorethanashorttime.Peoplemayholdbacksexuallymeaningfulmemories.Mosteventsinchildhoodaretooordinarytobeworthremembering.Paragraph3:Threeotherexplanationsseemmorepromising.Oneinvolvesphysiological
20、changesrelevanttomemory.Maturationofthefrontallobesofthebraincontinuesthroughoutearlychildhood,andthispartofthebrainmaybecriticalforrememberingparticularepisodesinwaysthatcanberetrievedlater.Demonstrationsofinfantsandtoddlerslong-termmemoryhaveinvolvedtheirrepeatingmotoractivitiesthattheyhadseenordo
21、neearlier,suchasreachinginthedarkforobjects,puttingabottleinadollsmouth,orpullingaparttwopiecesofatoy.Thebrainslevelofphysiologicalmaturationmaysupportthesetypesofmemories,butnotonesrequiringexplicitverbaldescriptions.5.Whatdoesparagraph3suggestaboutlong-termmemoryinchildren?Maturationofthefrontallo
22、besofthebrainisimportantforthelong-termmemoryofmotoractivitiesbutnotverbaldescriptions.Youngchildrenmayformlong-termmemoriesofactionstheyseeearlierthanofthingstheyhearoraretold.Youngchildrenhavebetterlong-termrecallofshortverbalexchangesthanoflongones.Childrenslong-termrecallofmotoractivitiesincreas
23、eswhensuchactivitiesareaccompaniedbyexplicitverbaldescriptions.Paragraph4:Asecondexplanationinvolvestheinfluenceofthesocialworldonchildrenslanguageuse.Hearingandtellingstoriesabouteventsmayhelpchildrenstoreinformationinwaysthatwillendureintolaterchildhoodandadulthood.Throughhearingstorieswithaclearb
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