基础英语写作考试用英语写作修辞手法.docx

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1、基础英语写作考试用英语写作修辞手法?1)Ascoldwateristoanewsfromafarcountry.(Proverbs25theBible)?2)Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.(GeorgeEliot)?3)Hearosejointbyjoint,asacarpentersruleopens,andbeatthedustfromhisclothes.(TheCopandtheAnthem)?4)Dellasbeautifulhairfellabouther,ripplingandshininglikeacas

2、cadeofbrownwaters.5)Therubyshallberedderthanaredrose,andthesapphireshallbeasblueasthegreatsea.(OscarWilde)?6)Amanwithoutknowledgeislikeahousewithoutfoundation.?7)Airtousiswhatwateristofish.?8)Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.?9)Wisdomistothemindwhathealthistothebody.?1)LifesbutaMacbeth)?2)I

3、fmusicbethefoodoflove,playon.(Shakespeare,TwelfthNight)?3)Somebooksaretobe_,otherstobe_,andsomefewtobe_and_.(FrancisBacon,OfStudies)?4)Alltheworldsastage,?Andallmenandwomenmerelyplayers;?Theyhavetheirexitsandentrances,?Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,?Hisactsbeingsevenages?(ShakespeareAsYouLikeIt)?

4、5)Hewasstrangledinthenetofgossip.?6)Hislifebecameawhirlwindofdesignmeetings,clientconferences,andlast-minutedecisions.TheUseofSimileandMetaphorTrytobeidiomaticspendmoneylikewaterasAmericanasapplepieasstrongasahorseworklikehorsesasstupidasagooseasdryassawdust(wet)likeadrownedratablacksheepfishintheai

5、r?1)Theship?2)Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.?Thewindwasmoaningthroughthetrees.?3)Ifnotalwaysinahotmoodtosmash,theseaisalwaysstealthilyreadyforadrowning.(JosephConrad)?4)Theskyrejoicesinthemorningsbirth.(WordsworthResolutionandIndependence)?Examplesmadebysomestudents:?5)Theroseblushesinthemorningbre

6、eze.?6)Theleavesaretremblinginthewind.?7)Pleasewaterthethirstyflowers.?8)Lookatthesmilingmoon.Howbrightitis!?Metonymyisaofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Inotherwords,itinvolvesa“changeofname;thesubstitutednamesuggeststhethingmeant.?1)Hemusthavebeenspoiledfromthecradle.?2)YoucangetagoodcupatBlacks

7、caf.?3)Thewholetownwentouttowelcomehim.?4)Swordandcrossinhand,theEuropeanconquerorsfelluponthecontinentofAmerica.?5)Thepenismightierthanthesword.?Greyhairshouldberespected.?WearereadingDickens/listeningtoBeethoven.?IverymuchliketobuyaniPhone,onlymypursedoesnotallowmethatluxury.?6Hewasonthebottlefor5

8、years.?hitthebottle?7Herheartruledherhead.?8Whitehallrefusedtoconfirmthereports.?9thePentagon?10OvalOffice;(Capitol)Hill;MadisonAvenue;FleetStreet?Thesoldierssworetofightforthehearthandthealtar.UncheckedviolencehasalreadydulledthelusteroftheBigApple.Thedauntingtaskbeforeitsleadersistopreventitfromro

9、ttingtothecore.?bar?Reasonsforitswideuse?Synecdochewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Someexpertsalsousesynecdochetorefertothesubstitutionbetweentheabstractandtheconcrete.?Thepartforthewhole?1)Theycounted50sailsintheharbor.?2)Hepaidtheworkers$5perhead.?3)Yetthereweresomestoutheartswhoattemptedresistance.(Ce

10、rilScottForester)Theyseekoffice,nottobeusefultothestate,butfortheloavesandfishes.?Thewholeforthepart;thematerialforthethingmade?1)Thebirdssangtowelcomethesmilingyear.?2)Thedoctorcutmeopenandtookouttheappendix.?3)Shewasdressedinsilks.?4)Cottonsuitsyou.?Theabstractfortheconcrete?Alltherankcameouttosee

11、thesight.?Theconcretefortheabstract?Sheallowedthemothertobeoverruledbythejudgeanddeclaredherownsonguilty.?Hehasasmooth/silver/evil/rough/sharp/acid/civil/glib/bitter/bad/wicked/long/oilytongue.?have/beabigmouth?acrude-mouthedguy?sweettooth?1)Belinda?2)Forshewasbeautifulherbeautymadethebrightworlddim

12、,(PercyByssheShelley:TheWitchofAtlas)?3)Hamlet:IlovedOphelia:fortythousandbrotherscouldnot,withalltheirqualityoflove,makeupmysum.?4)Youalwaysmakethesamemistake.Ihavewarnedyou1000times.?5)Itsagessincewemetlasttime.?6)Nobookintheworldismoredifficultthanthislinguisticbook.Readingitisabsolutetorture.?7)

13、AfterTEM4,Icouldsleepforayear.?8)Fromhismouthflowedspeechsweeterthanhoney.?9)Ibegathousandpardons.?10)Polly,Iloveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestarsandtheconstellationsofouterspace.?Thanksamillion.(v)?Thanksabillion.(x)?Litotesisunderstatementbytheuseofnegatives.?1)Thefacewasntabadone;

14、ithadwhattheycalledcharm.(JohnGalsworthy)?2)Thatwasnomeanachievement.?3)ButtoDarwinthiswasnolight/nolaughingmatter.?4)Iknowheisnofool.?5)Ilostnotalittleovercards.?6)Thispieceofworkisnothingtobeproudof.?Meiosisisunderstatementwithouttheuseofnegatives.Instead,itusesexpressionslikealittle,abit,kindof,s

15、ortof,almost,hardly,scarcely,etc.?1)Thelittleboybrokeavaseandwasalittleupset.?2)Thegirlisabitslowforherage.?3)Hewasalittletoo?Ironyistheuseofwordswhattheyseemtomeanonthesurface.?1)Thishard-workingboyseldomreadsoveranhoureveryweek.?2)Itmustbedelightfultofindoneselfinaforeigncountrywithoutapennyinones

16、pocket.?3)Robbinganoldwidowofhermoneywascertainlyanobleact.?4)Thechildpickedupthespectaclesandputthemon.“Nowyoulookaswiseasanowl,saidhisfatheraffectionately.?Oxymoronisaparadox,formedbythejoiningof2contrastingorcontradictoryterms.?1)Thegovernmentsresponsetothereporthasbeenadeafeningsilence.?2)Barbar

17、a-whodeclinesinterviewsbutissaidtohavelovedtheBarbiedoll-maybethemostfamousunknownfigureontheplanet.?3)ThePovertyofAffluence:ChoosingOurSuccess?-WhenRobertReichnoticedthatworkwascostinghimhispersonallife,hesteppeddownasU.S.SecretaryofLabortoreflectonwhat“successreallymeans.?Differentformsofoxymoron:

18、?1)adj.+n.carefulcarelessness,orderlychaos,?tearfuljoy,honestthief,sweettorment/pain,thunderoussilence,jarringconcord,proudhumility,luxuriouspoverty,noblelie,coldwelcome,agenerousmiser,anenlighteneddespot?2)adj.+adj.coldpleasantmanner,poorrichguys,bitter-sweetmemories,badgoodnews?3)ad.+adj.mercifull

19、yfatal,falselytrue,?splendidlyalone,disagreeablypleasantlaugh?4)v.+ad.hastenslowly,shinedarkly,groanloudly?5)n.+n.alove-haterelationship?6)v-ing+n.a?Aeuphemismistosubstituteforoneconsideredharshorindelicate.?stupid/mentallyretarded:?Heisabitslowforhisage.slow;simple;simple-minded;innocent;naive;nota

20、llthere;empty-headed;onesthickhead;dull;dumb;allthumbs;underachiever?poor/penniless:?(be)hardup;inreducedcircumstances;badlyoff;ina(bad)spot;financiallychallenged;thehavenots;theneedy;underprivileged;deprived;disadvantaged;feelthepinch?oldage?oldage:gettingon(inyears);pastonesprime;feelingonesage;be

21、advancedinyears;anadvancedage;secondchildhood;theveterans;elderly;goldenager;experienced;hardened;seasoned;weathered?“IrespectJohnMcCainforhishalf-centuryofservicetothiscountry.Butheisonthewrongsideofhistoryrightnow.?dismiss/discharge/fire?layoff;release;give/getthewalkingticket;give/getthesack;sack

22、;downsize;getapinkslip;idle;redundancy?GeneralElectricisreadytoidle75000accordingtoBusinessWeekOnline.(Time,2001)?Iregrethavingtomakesomanystaffredundant.?indebt:indifficultiesdole:relief;welfare;benefit(s);entitlement?deathpenalty:capitalpunishment?lie:tellafairystory/tale?grave(noun)?Wehavecometod

23、edicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.(AbrahamLincoln,TheGettysburgAddress)?Thefunctionsofeuphemism?ThisdeviceisInthisdevicethesameconsonantsoundisrepeatedatintervalsintheinitialpositionofwords.?A.afeatureoftongue-twisters?Shesellssea-shel

24、lsontheseashore.?AbigbowlwasbrokenbyBarbara.?Roundtherocksrunsariver.?DownthedrivedasheddashingDan.?PeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpepperpreparedbyhisparentsandputtheminabigpaperplate.?B.arhetoricaldeviceinliterature?1)Andsingsasolitarysong,?Thatwhistlesinthewind.(Wordsworth)?2)Freedomisnotgivenfreet

25、oanywhoask,libertyisnotbornoftheGods.Sheisachildofthepeople,bornintheveryheightandheatofbattle(F.Norris)?C.inproverbialandidiomaticexpressionswaxandwane;thinkthriceandthenact,lookbeforeyouleap;nowornever;inwealandwoe;bettersafethansorry;gotorackandruin;boltfromtheblue;givethedevilhisdue;beattheband;

26、burnonesboat/bridges;carrycoalstoNewcastleWastenot,wantnot.Practisewhatyoupreach.Bitethebullet!Thedarkesthouristhenearestdawn.Ibetyoullsoonturnthetables.Sir,thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.Anemptysackcannotstandupright.?Proverbialandidiomaticexpressions.?8)asbareastheback;aslargeaslife;asblindasabat;(a

27、s)boldasbrass;(as)briskasabee;asbrownasaberry;asbusyasabee;asclearascrystal;ascloseasaclam;(as)coolasacucumber;asdifferentaschalkfrom/andcheese;(as)fitasafiddle;asgoodasgold;asgreenasgrass;ashungryasahawk/hunter;asplainasprint;asprettyaspicture;asproudasapeacock;asredasarose;asrightasrain;asslowasas

28、nail;asstillasastatue;asthickasthieves;asweakaswater;(as)brightasabutton?D.inadsandjournalisticwritings?1)(Titlesofarticles):Bye,Bye,BalancedBudget?2)Forcomfort,convenience,superbserviceandmoreflightstoJapanYOUCANDEPENDONUS.CathayPacific?3)Overtheyears,KoreasrelationshipswithAmericahavelongseesawedb

29、etweenpeaceandperil.(TheTimes)?Application?Shesdeterminedtowin,byfairmeansorfoul.?byhookorbycrook?Youshalljudgeamanbyhisfoesaswellasbyhisfriends. (JosephConrad)?Aboveall,fromtrivialthingstolifephilosophy,friendsindisputablyplayanimportantroleininfluencingyoungadults.Soitiscriticalforyoungadultstofin

30、dtruefriendswhowillstandbythemrainorshine._0402邵艳萍?Allusionisreferenceoreventsthatthewriterthinksarefamiliartohisreaders.?ChiefsourcesofEnglishallusion:nurseryrhymes,fairytales,folktales,legends,GreekandRomanmythology,Biblestories,parables,andtheworksofgreatwriters?TheHouseoftheSevenGables(Nathaniel

31、Hawthorne)?Absalom,Absalom!(WilliamFaulkner)?ThatexpectationcouldprovetheAchillesheeloftheproject.(TheEconomist)?Ilearnedagreatmanynewwordsthatday.Idonotrememberwhattheyallwere;butIdoknowthatmother,father,sister,teacherwereamongthem-wordsthatweretomaketheworldblossomforme,“likeAaronsrod,withflowers.

32、(HelenKeller,TheMostImportantDayinMy?Aanadjectiveordescriptivephraseistransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodifytoanotherwhichitdoesnotreallybelongto.?Rooseveltlistenedwithbright-eyedsmilingattention.?Pointoutthetransferredepithetsinthefollowingsentences.ThoughHilaryClintonwasfrequentlydoggedbytrou

33、blesforyears,shealwaysputsonabravefaceinpublic.?Shehasveryexpensivetaste(s)inclothes.?Hansshruggedhisscornfulshoulders.Throughouthistrialhemaintainedadignifiedsilence.?Heisnotaneasypoet.?Application?Itwastheendofmyexhaustingfirstdayastutor.?(0304YuCui)Tearsquietlyrolleddownmycoldface,onlytoleavetwos

34、adtrails.?WhenIwasindifficulties,shegavemeanassuring/areassuringhand.?Trytointerpretthefollowingexpressionswhichconsistoftransferredepithet.?purposelessdays;amurderousknife;angryfist;anunderstandingsmile;asympatheticlook;nervoushours;sleepless/restlessnights;coldshoulder;asleeplessbed?transferredepithet:associationofcontiguity?personification/metaphor/simile:associationofsimilarity?metonymy/synecdoche:associationofrelatednesssynesthesiavs.transferredepithetTransference/empathyvs.transferredepithet