高考题型--语法填空--解题技巧ppt课件.ppt

《高考题型--语法填空--解题技巧ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考题型--语法填空--解题技巧ppt课件.ppt（41页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、英语语法填空解题探英语语法填空解题探Grammatical FillingPractice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。熟能生巧。吕吕 东东 2016年 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Pa

2、nda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a

3、 TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter _66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the

4、misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mumshe never suspects.attraction名词名词was allowed语态

5、语态officially副词副词 to 介词介词when定语从句定语从句permitted过去分词过去分词itsintroducing 动名词动名词 the 冠词冠词days 名词复数名词复数2017年There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, h

6、as had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. W

7、hen fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food

8、 people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70

9、is not good for the health.as effectsto processare removed aworseiseatingcareful which2018年According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and

10、still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minu

11、tes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and

12、get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. longer to seedyingisthanthat/whichcausesstrengthen energetic it 近近3年语法填空题考点分布情况年语法填空题

13、考点分布情况考点分考点分布布动词动词( (含含非谓非谓) )名名词词形容词、形容词、副词副词连词、连词、从句、从句、引导词引导词介介词词代代词词冠冠词词变变填填20142014年年1 1谓谓1 1非谓非谓1 1个（复个（复数）数）3 3形形1 1副副（1 1比比3 3原）原）2 2个（个（1 1定定1 1并）并）0 0个个0 0个个1 1个个8 82 220152015年年2 2谓谓2 2非谓非谓1 1个（复个（复数）数）2 2副副1 1个个（定从）（定从）1 1个个1 1个个0 0个个7 73 320162016年年1 1谓谓2 2非谓非谓2 2个个1 1个个1 1个个1 1个个1 1个个1

14、 1个个6 64 420172017年年2 2谓谓2 2非谓非谓1 1个个2 2个个（1 1比比1 1原）原）1 1个个1 1个个0 0个个1 1个个7 73 320182018年年1 1谓谓3 3非谓非谓1 1个个 2 2个个（1 1比比1 1原）原）1 1个个1 1个个1 1个个0 0个个7 73 3近近3年语法填空题考点分布情况年语法填空题考点分布情况考点考点分布分布动词动词( (含含非谓非谓) )名名词词形容词、副形容词、副词词连词、连词、从句、从句、引导词引导词介介词词代代词词冠冠词词变变填填20162016年年1 1谓谓2 2非谓非谓was allowedwas allowedpe

15、rmitted permitted introducingintroducing2 2个个attraction days1 1个个officiallyofficially1 1个个whenwhen( (定从定从) )1 1个个toto 1 1个个itsits1 1个个 thethe6 64 420172017年年2 2谓谓2 2非谓非谓isare removed to processeating1 1个个effects2 2个个（1 1比比1 1原）原）worsecareful1 1个个which( (定定从从) )1 1个个as0 0个个1 1个个a7 73 320182018年年1 1谓谓

16、3 3非谓非谓isto seedying(to)strengthen1 1个个causes 2 2个个（1 1比比1 1原）原）longerenergetic1 1个个that/which( (定从定从) )1 1个个than1 1个个it0 0个个7 73 3必考词：必考词：谓谓非谓；形容词、副词；连词，从句引导词、名词；非谓；形容词、副词；连词，从句引导词、名词； 常考词：常考词：介词、代词、冠词介词、代词、冠词 (变变7 7 填填3 3 ) 高中英语高中英语语法填空语法填空题解题题解题策略策略 语法填空这种题型能全面检测学生在语法填空这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语英语词汇、语法，法

17、，甚至是甚至是句法句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。语综合水平。 主要考查的知识点：一是主要考查的知识点：一是语法语法，二是上下文的，二是上下文的连贯性连贯性，而且而且语法语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本基本语法知识、词汇、习语语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和掌握和逻辑推理逻辑推理能力等情况。能力等情况。 从整篇布局来看，它的考点主要集中在以下三点：从整篇布局来看，它的考点主要集中在以下三点： 1 1 词或者词组（名词、代词、形容词、副

18、词、介词、词或者词组（名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、数词）冠词、数词） 2 2 句子（谓语动词、非谓语动词、连词、关系词）句子（谓语动词、非谓语动词、连词、关系词） 3 3 语篇（语篇（ 过渡词）过渡词）命题形式 (1)(1)给出提示词题型：给出提示词题型： 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的的词形词形，一般有，一般有6-76-7个小题。包括个小题。包括动词动词的时态和语态、的时态和语态、非非谓语动词、形容词和副词谓语动词、形容词和副词

19、的比较等级、的比较等级、名词名词的单复数，以的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。及词类或词义的转换等。 (2)(2)纯空格题型：纯空格题型： 空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入和行文逻辑，填入一个一个恰当的词，包括恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定代词、介词、限定词词 ( (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等冠词、物主代词、指示代词等) )、连词连词、时间及地点时间及地点副词副词等。这类题大约有等。这类题大约有3-43-4小题。小题。 变变填填连词连词冠词冠词介词介词副词副词代词代词名词名词动词动词形容形容/副词副词 关连词关连词(引导词）引

20、导词）：三大从句三大从句(定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句） which, that, who, although，what, why, where 等等 并列连词：并列连词： and, but, while, so, neither nor 等等强调句，倒装句中的连词强调句，倒装句中的连词the; a+辅音音素；辅音音素； an+元音音素元音音素;抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化 success, surprise等等n.前前; vi.后后; 定语从句介词定语从句介词+关系代词关系代词 等等 功能性连接副词：功能性连接副词：however, therefore ,a

21、nyhow 等等 修饰比较级的副词修饰比较级的副词 even，much 等等不定代词不定代词; 反身代词反身代词; 物主代词物主代词; 主主/宾格宾格 等等单复数，名词所有格单复数，名词所有格; 与其它词性的转化与其它词性的转化谓语谓语： 时态，语态，情态动词时态，语态，情态动词, 虚拟语气等虚拟语气等非谓语非谓语：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词比较级、最高级比较级、最高级; adj. adv. 相互转化相互转化;adj.修饰修饰 n. ; adv.修饰修饰 adj. / adv. / v. How to deal with Grammatical Fi

22、lling?怎么做语法填空题怎么做语法填空题 就句子成分来说，涉及到的句子成分就句子成分来说，涉及到的句子成分有：有：主要成分：主要成分：主语（形式主语），谓语，宾语（形主语（形式主语），谓语，宾语（形式宾语），表语，宾补，式宾语），表语，宾补，修饰成分：修饰成分：定语，状语，同位语。定语，状语，同位语。考点考点1：主语主语 （名词，代词，数词，（名词，代词，数词，do-ing，不，不定式，主从等）定式，主从等）Recent _6_ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_

23、(regular) . (2016年课标全国年课标全国II)It took years of work _5_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014年课年课标全国标全国I)studiesto reduceregularly 考点考点2：谓语：谓语 （动词）（动词）Fast food _7_ (be) full of fat and salt;. (2017年年课标全国课标全国I) But at the moment, school _9_ (come) first. (2017年课标全国年课标全国III) Wh

24、en fat and salt _4_ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017年课标年课标全国全国I) until tomorrow _3_ (be) often acceptable . (2016年课标全国年课标全国II) iscomesare removed is考点考点3：宾语（名词，代词，：宾语（名词，代词，do-ing，不定，不定式，宾从等）式，宾从等）1.This trend, , has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as

25、 (2017年课标全国年课标全国I) 2. to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads . (2017年课标全国II) 3. influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. (2016年课标全国III) 4.She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate). (2017年课标全国III) effectscrowds development education考点考点4：表语（名词，代词，形容词，：表语（名词，代词，形容词，to do，do-ing，done，表从，介短）

26、，表从，介短）However, be _9_ (care) not to go to extremes. (2017年课标全国年课标全国I) some of them looked very anxious and _3_ (disappoint) . (2014年课标全国年课标全国II)考点考点5：宾补：宾补They are required _3_ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from . (2017年课标全国年课标全国I) 主补主补carefuldisappointedto process考点考点6：定语（名词，形容词，：定语（名

27、词，形容词，to do，doing，done，介，介短，定从短，定从 前置和后置）前置和后置）She is a very _3_ (care) mother. (2016年四川) and identify those of _1_ (great) and less importance. (2016年课标全国II)A study of travelers _8_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015年课标全国I) The

28、adobe dwellings （土胚房）_1_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most. (2015年课标全国II) carefulcaringgreater(which was) conductedbuilt考点考点7：状语（形容词，副词，介短，：状语（形容词，副词，介短，doing，done，to do，状从），状从）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_ (create) sp

29、ecial designs. (2016全国全国课标课标III) Recent _6_ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_ (regular) . (2016年课标全国年课标全国II)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _10_ their hands. (2016年课标全国年课标全国III) to create graduallywithstudies考点考点8：同位语（名，不定代，数词，同从）：同

30、位语（名，不定代，数词，同从）Set aside the thought _1_ you have to fall asleep. (2015河北百校联盟河北百校联盟3月模拟月模拟) that 就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型种基本句型：1 This cycle 8 (go) day after day. （2015年课标年课标II）2 This trend, , has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as (2017年课标全国年课标全国I) 3 some of them looked very anx

31、ious and 3 (disappoint) . (2014年课标全国年课标全国II)S V 主谓主谓S V O 主谓宾主谓宾S V P 主系表主系表goeseffectsdisappointed就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型：种基本句型：4Sarah _3_ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, . （2017年课标年课标III）5 They are required _3_ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from . (2017年

32、课标全年课标全国国I) 主补主补 S V O O 主谓双宾主谓双宾S V O C 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补has been told was told to process语法填空题型分语法填空题型分两种两种情况：情况：一种为一种为已给单词已给单词提示，另一种为提示，另一种为不给单词不给单词提示。提示。下面就这两种情况进行分析、研究，总结出以下面就这两种情况进行分析、研究，总结出以下语法填空的解题技巧下语法填空的解题技巧。How to deal with Grammatical Filling?Part A: How to change? 怎么变？怎么变？( (有提示词有提示词) )技巧点拨技巧点

33、拨语法填空语法填空给提示词解题技巧给提示词解题技巧1 动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态、语态、语气时态、语态、语气 非谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换词性转换形容词、副词、名词形容词、副词、名词-ing分词分词不定式不定式-ed分词分词分析句子结构分析句子结构上下文语境上下文语境1 谓语动词谓语动词（时态、语态、主谓一致）（时态、语态、主谓一致）2 非谓语动词非谓语动词doing: having (been) done + being done, done:to do: to have (been) done + to be done3 词性变化：词性变化：名词，形容词，副词，形容词名词，形容词，副词，

34、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级或副词的比较级或最高级有有提提示示词：词： 1动动词词技巧技巧1 1 ：句中句中没有谓语没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词且中间有并列或转折连词时时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例例1. The first card _ (design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.例例2. That was definitely not an attractive

35、idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away.例例3. Nobody knows what _ (happen) if she had refused to pay.was designed closedwould have happened技巧技巧2 2 ：若句中若句中已有谓语动词已有谓语动词，且设空处和谓语动词之间，且设空处和谓语动词之间没有转折或并列连词时，应该考虑此处考察非谓语动词。没有转折或并列连词时，应该考虑此处考察非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用若是非谓语动词就要确定

36、用 doing形式，形式，done形式，还形式，还是是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语之间之间 的关系。的关系。A. _ (follow) by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall.B. The workers _(build) the bridge came from all over the country. C.We hope _(get) there before dark.D. _ (complete) the project as planned, well hav

37、e to work two more hours a day. E. The first time she stepped into the room, she noticed a strange man _ (seat) near the stove.FollowedTo completebuildingseatedto get 1 But Tom knew from past experience that his _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased his father. 2 , those around her had noted her _

38、(satisfy) with not finishing school.choice技巧技巧3 3：有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式非谓语形式, ,这时需要进行这时需要进行词类转换词类转换。（。（V-V-AdjAdj; ; V-Adv; V-N V-Adv; V-N ）(dis)satisfaction第二部分 名词之前名词之前 考查语法点考查语法点: 定冠词定冠词,不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法 无提示词无提示词下列情况很可能填下列情况很可能填 ：(1)_+可数可数n.(单数单数)；(2)_+形容词形容词+可数可数n.(单数单数)。下列情况下很可能

39、填下列情况下很可能填 ：(1)_ (+形容词形容词)+n.+ of等介词短语等介词短语 (表示特指表示特指)；(2)_ (+形容词形容词)+n.+定语从句定语从句(表示特指表示特指)；(3)_ (+形容词形容词)+n.+不定式短语或分词短语不定式短语或分词短语 (表示特指表示特指)不定冠词不定冠词定冠词定冠词解题技巧解题技巧(1)(1)介词介词+ +宾语（名词）宾语（名词）(2)(2)不及物动词不及物动词+ +介词介词+ +宾语宾语 考查语法点考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配 无提示词：无提示词：注意固定搭配注意固定搭配 当空格后的名词名词(一般前有限定词)、代词

40、或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。 因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。 具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。解题技巧解题技巧(1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意注意形容词形容词词性词性和和名词性物主代词名词性物主代词的区别。的区别。(2)指示代词指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等不定代词、反身代词等考查语法点考查语法点: 代词的基本用法代词的基本用法 无提示词无提示词 无提示词：

41、代词无提示词：代词在句子中作在句子中作主语或宾语主语或宾语时，通常填时，通常填代词代词，包括，包括1.人称代词人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等等)、2.指示代词指示代词(it/this等等)、3.不定代词不定代词(others,another , something/anything等等)、4.名词性物主代词名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers等等)、5.疑问代词疑问代词(which/who等等)、6.反身代词反身代词(不能作主语不能作主语)(myself/yourself等等) 7.it的特殊句型。的特殊句型。在在名词前作定语名词前作定语就就只能用形容词性物主代词

42、只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等等)。解题技巧解题技巧两个主谓结构连接两个主谓结构连接 考查语法点考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法引导词的用法 无提示词无提示词解题技巧解题技巧解题技巧解题技巧并列句和复合句并列句和复合句并列句：并列句：简单句简单句并列连词并列连词简单句简单句复合句：复合句：主句（主谓宾）主句（主谓宾）从句从句（连接词连接词主谓）主谓）两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就分号，就必须要用连词必须要用连词，否则，句子，否则，句子的结构就不完整。的结构就不完整。动词动词名词名词形容词形容词副词副

43、词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词代词代词词性词性一一般般有有提提示示词词无无提提示示词词定冠词定冠词,不定冠词不定冠词并列句及复合句并列句及复合句非谓语动词非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 及变形及变形谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致及主谓一致介词的常用用法及词组搭配介词的常用用法及词组搭配词汇词汇, 构词法构词法人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词指示代词，反身代词根据语义根据语义, 确定词确定词形形分析句子分析句子,确定词确定词性性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意检查搭配检查搭配, 前后连贯前后连贯Success ahead!Thank you !