初中英语语法填空无提示词解题技巧(学生版).pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载学员编号：年级：初三课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型T ( 语法填空 ) T( shelf-check）T（语法填空练习）授课日期及时段教学目的教学内容学习必备欢迎下载考情分析一、1.2015 年，浙江中考英语将取消单项填空题, 推出语法填空题, 把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行, 旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力 , 而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。2.给出 150200 字的一段短文。一篇文章10 个空。其中，一部分填空是给出单词提示词，填写它的正确词形每空

2、1 分。其中，一般6 个空是有的，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空；另外一部分填空是结合上下文直接填词，一般是4 个左右。3. 给词提示填空题型中所给词常见类：名词、动词、形容词、副词等。名词提示：名词的单复数、词性变化动词提示：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等形容词、副词提示：比较级、最高级、词性变化等空白直接填空体型常见类：介词、冠词、连词、代词（连接代词、连接副词）等介词：固定词组或者固定搭配冠词：泛指、特指连词：判断其连接的是并列句还是从句等代词提示：人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词，代词格的变化等好了，明白了它的前世今生，接下来我们又该如何解决呢? 【例题 】 找一找，你觉得这篇文章那些

3、单词是会考的。学习必备欢迎下载It was Marysbirthday. She received a letter from her (二选一 )uncle who was a farmer. Dear Mary, ” the letter said (say). “Happy birthday! I am sending you some chickens. They will arrive /are arriving （二选一）(arrive) tomorrow. I hope you like them. Best wishes, Uncle Toby. ” The next day

4、the chickens in a box arrived. Mary took the box off the truck and began to carry / carrying （二选一）(carry) it into her garden. However, the box fell to the ground and broke. The chickens all ran out. Mary spent hours trying (try) to find (find) 二选一 them and take them back to her garden. A few days la

5、ter her uncle came. “Did the chickens arrive safely / safe (safe)? ” he asked Mary.“Yes, Uncle Toby, ” Mary said. “But I dropped the box and the chickens ran everywhere. I spent the whole morning looking for the eleven chickens.”“That s very interesting (interest),”her uncle said with a smile, “beca

6、use I only sent you six. ”二、解题策略1、快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来。2、上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式。3、通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。无提示词无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词，代词，介词，连词( 并列连词和从属连词) 等虚词。学习必备欢迎下载(1) 名词前面一般用冠词，代词或介词等。冠词冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种， 一种是定冠词（the Definite Article） ，另一种

7、是不定冠词 （the Indefinite Article） ，还有一种是零冠词（ Zero Article）一、不定冠词的用法： (a,an) 1.表示“一个”，意为 one；指某人或某物A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2.代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 词组a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word

8、/ in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try 二、定冠词的用法 (the) 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this，that 同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1.特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine. 把药吃了。2.上文提到过的人或事：He bought a house.I ve been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3.指世上独一物二的事物：学习必备欢迎下载the sun ，the sky，the moon，

9、the earth 4 用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Where do you live？I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。He is the only man who won the prize. 他是唯一一个获得奖励的人5 单数名词连用表示一类事物：如：the dollar 美元；the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用， 表示一类人： the rich 富人；the living 生者。6 与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school. （指全体教

10、师）They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师）7.用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens 格林一家人（或格林夫妇）【考点分析】当空格后面的名词是上文提到过、是世界上独一无二的事物、 是序数词以及最高级【例题】1.There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall2.This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour3._ elephant is much heavier than _ horse4._ doctor told him to take _ medicin

11、e three times _ day 5.Lets go out for _ walk6.Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7.There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8._ sun rises in _ east 9._ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China10. Are you going to do it _ second time ？11. Washington is _ capital of _ USA12._ Turners are

12、 living at the end of _ Turner Street学习必备欢迎下载（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化。指示代词的用法【语法】人称 /物主 / 指示代词分类: 英语中代词主要分为人称代词和物主代词.具体形式如下表所示 : 第 一 人 称第 二 人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主 格I we you you he she it they 宾 格me us you you him her it them 物主代词形 容 词性my our your your his her its their 名词性mine ours your

13、s yours his hers its theirs 人称代词 :人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. I m a nurse. b.Could you help me ?c.Mum often takes us to the park on Sunday.d.Its a cat. We call it “ Mimi.”形容词性的物主代词 :相当于形容词 ,后面要跟名词 ,指定名词的所属对象 . 学习必备欢迎下载名词性的物主代词 :相当于一个名词 ,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词.a. Your book is small, mine is

14、 big.(=my book) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) c. whose book is that ? It s hers. (=her book) 指示代词 : this 这个, that 那个these 这些those 那些反身代词：1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self 或-selves构成的。如：I-myselfwe-ourselves you（单数） - yourselfyou（复数） - yourselves 2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self 或-

15、selves构成的。如：she-herselfhe -himself it-itselfthey-themselvesone-oneself 【用法】与 by 搭配当反身代词与by 搭配时，意为：单独地，没有人帮助的。例如：（1）We must finish it all by ourselves.（我们必须全靠自己去完成。）（2）He can swim all by himself.（他能独自一个人游泳。）简单口语Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！ /请自己去取吧 ! Make yourself at home! 别客气！Don t upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼【考点分

16、析】学习必备欢迎下载首先判断分析句子是否缺主语和宾语，在无提示词的语法填空中若出现这样的情况，一般填写的是代词。考试时分析句子成分才是首要做的。【例题 】1.This is not my pencil-box. _（ I ) is in the bag. 2.Trees are planted in _ （ we ） country every year， which makes our country more and more beautiful. 3.-Is that bike Miss Gaos？-Yes， it is _（she)book， isnt it？4.Help _ （you

17、） to some fruit，Jack. 5.-Who taught your brother to surf？-Nobody. He learnt all by _ （he）. 6.Their English teacher is from America，but _ （we） is from England. 7.Marys answer is different from _ （ I ）. 11. -My watch keeps good time. What about _ （you）. 12. He asked me to give_(he)_ some advice on how

18、 to enlarge his present business and he was entirely happy about my advice.(3) 并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。并列连词连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子作用。连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词：1.平行或对等关系的并列连词and ” 和” bothand； “和两个都； as well as “也” not onlybut also“不但而且”; neithernor“既不也不”学习必备欢迎下载例 My

19、mother bought me a present,and I like it very much. 我妈妈买了一件礼物给我，我很喜欢He can speak not only English but also French. 他会说英语还会说法语。2.表转折关系的并列连词 but“但是”例： Lucy likes red，but Lily likes white 。露西喜欢红的，然而莉莉喜欢白的。 3.表选择关系的并列连词or“或者” ；eitheror“要么要么”注：由 or 连接的句子可以转换为有否定条件构成的主从复合句。Eg： Study hard, or you ll fail t

20、he exam.=If you don t study hard,you ll fail the exam. 努力学习，否则你考试会失败的。Either you or he goes. “要么你去，要么他去” 。4.表因果关系的并列连词 so “所以，因此” ; Eg：Kate was ill so she didn t go to school.凯特病了所以没去学校。二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。1.because （因为 ),so（所以 )不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一. eg：Because he was tired, he couldn t walk here. =He w

21、as tired,so he couldn t walk there. 因为他很累，所以走不到这里。 2.although/though（虽然） ， but（但是）不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但although/though和 yet 可以同时出现在一个句子里（yet 用作副词） Eg:Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He was tired,but he still worked hard. ： 虽然他很累，但是她仍然坚持工作学习必备欢迎下载三、and 和 or 用于否定句中的区别 1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时用and连

22、接；而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用“or”构成完全否定 . Eg：I can t sing or dance. 我不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。 Lucy and lily can t speak Chinese. 露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。在 否 定 句 中 ， 如 果 所 连 接 的 两 部 分 都 有 否 定 词 那 么 用 “ and” 而 不 用 “ or ” Eg：There is no water and no air on the moon. 月球上没有水也没有空气。 2) 在否定句中， without +and；而在肯定句中， without+or,构成完全否定。 Eg：Man can

23、 t live without air and water=Man will die without air or water. 五、由 eitheror., neithernor,not onlybut also连接两个并列主语时， 谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。 （就近原则） (填写谓语动词时需要注意) Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you. 不止我父母， 连我很也很想见到你【考点总结】首先确定词与词、句与句之间的关系，然后根据关系选择适当的连词。注意否定词与空格的位置以及特殊单词without 【

24、例题】1.The English would say to their guests “ Enjoy yourselves! ”when eating_ “ Hope youve enjoyed !” after eating. 2.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”higher.3.Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma _ a sum of money. 4.He was very

25、tired from doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy. 5.Which do you prefer, folk music _ pop music? 6.You may do it yourself, _ask someone to help you. 学习必备欢迎下载7.It was hard work, _they really enjoyed it. 8.It was our first lesson, _ the teacher didnt know all our names. 9.He is short_ stron

26、g. 10. There is no air_water on the moon. 11. He went there by train _ she went there by airplane. 12. They made faces, _ we all laughed. 13. The baby watched _listened. 14. I dont like fish, _ I like chicken. 15. My classmates all went to the park, _I didnt go (4) 两句之间， 如果不是并列句， 则很可能是 主从句 ，因此需要填入从属

27、连词(what,which, who, how, when等) 。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词从属连词【语法】从属连词分为两大类，即引导状语，定语从句的从属连词和引导名词性从句（主语, 宾语 ,表语，同位语从句）的从属连词。引导名词性从名的从属连词宾语从句宾语可由名词，代词或名词短语或句子来充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子称为宾语从句1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. S

28、he doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 学习必备欢迎下载We all know that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。（宾语从句）Im sorry that you can t come.很遗憾你不能来。 （宾语从句）2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 连接副词when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do y

29、ou know who (whom) they are waiting for?（宾语）He asked whose handwriting was the best.( 定语 ) Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? （表语）I don t know why the train is late.( 状语 ) 3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。if 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (

30、if) I could help him. 注意 ：句子中出现“or not ”时，只用whether 4.形式宾语it：如宾语从句后有补语，要用形式宾语it 来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。e.g. He has made it clear that the meeting will not be hold. 【考点总结】1.首先分析句子成分空格前面不含有宾语（双宾语情况除外），则一定为宾语从句2.从句部分是完整的句子则用that，whether，if 3.若从句句子成分不完整则根据句意判断是连接代词还是副词（地点，时间，原因，方式）【例题】1.I dont know _ Mr. Gree

31、n will come to see us. Hell help us with our English. 2.Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David? 3.I find _ important that we practice English every day. 4.He asked me _told me the accident. 5.I hardly understand. _ he has told me. 6.Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? 7.I

32、 dont know _ they have passed the exam.学习必备欢迎下载8.I hardly understand. _ he has told me.9.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.10.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everyth

33、ing that I do. 上面两句中的man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who( 宾格 who, 所有格 whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who l

34、ost his way. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) 学习必备欢迎下载(2) This is

35、the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that 指人时，相当于who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. ( 在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? ( 在句子中做宾语) 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend w

36、hose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 【考点分析】首先分析句子，如果空格前面的先行词中做了主语，宾语，定语时，判断为定语从句。最后根据修饰人还是物来选择从属代词。【例题】1.I still remember the night _I first came to the house. 2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in Octob

37、er, _is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family. 5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together. 6. This is the school _I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting

38、 exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China. 13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA. 学习必备欢迎下载14. It

39、is the third time _you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday. 状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词， 形容词或副词等而充当状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句常用从属连词来引导，与主句连接起来。若置于句末，则前面不加逗号。【辨析】定语用来修饰名词或代词。因为它修饰这两种词类，而名词和代词有可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。例： The black bike is mihne.(black作主语 bike 的定语）状语

40、用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，常由副词、 介词短语、 不定式或相当于副词的词语或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。例： He did it carefully.（副词 carefully 作状语）根据意义和作用，状语从句可分为时间原因条件等几种。 下面我们就来分析一下这几种状语从句。1.时间状语从句一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when, before, after, as soon as或 until 引导。I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework.

41、 我一完成作业就去电影院。When I grow up, I will join the army. 当我毕业了，我就要去参军。2. 条件状语从句条件状语从句常由if （如果）、unless（除非）或as long as（只要）来引导，同样适用于“主将从现”。如：We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨了，我们就会呆在家。He wont come here unless he is invited. 除非被邀请，否则他不会到这儿来的。As long as you give me money, I will go with you. 只要

42、你给我钱，我就跟你走。3. 原因状语从句原因状语从句常由because （因为），since（既然；由于）或as（由于）来引导。在使用时，注意because和 so（所以）不能用在同一个句子中。如：学习必备欢迎下载Since you cant help me, I ll find someone else. 既然你帮不了我，那我就找其他人吧。He failed the exam because he didnt work hard. = He didnt work hard, so he failed the exam. 因为他不努力，所以考试没有及格。4. 让步状语从句让步状语从句由alth

43、ough 或 though（虽然；尽管）来引导。注意，在使用时，though 或 although 不能和 but 不能用在同一个句子中，两者只能用其一。如：We still worked in the field although / though it was raining hard. = It was raining hard, but we still worked in the field. 尽管天下着大雨，但是我们仍然在地里干活。5.结果状语从句“ 如此 以致 ” 的“so. that.”和“such. that.”均可引导结果状语从句，其中的 such 是形容词，修饰名词；so

44、 是副词，修饰形容词或副词，具体的搭配形式是：(1) “so+adj./adv.+that”， “so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that”；(2) “such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”。He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快，无人听得明白。There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused. 人口增长如此迅速，以致造成了粮食短缺。Our country has so much coal that she can

45、 export large quantities. 我们 国家 的煤炭非常丰富，可以大量出口。【真题链接】（）1. Youll do much better _a_ you re more careful with your spelling. A. if B. before C. although D. unless （2006 陕西）（）2. _a_ you told me, I heard nothing of what happened. A. Until B. After C. If D. Since （2006 潍坊）（）3. I dont understand the text_

46、d_ there are few new words in it. A. so B. because C. if D. though （2006 青岛）学习必备欢迎下载（）4. I sit in the front of the classroom _ I can hear clearly. A. so that B. when C. in order （2006 青海）（）（）5. -Did David go to school yesterday? -No, _he had a bad cold. A. because B. if C. though （2006 佛山）6. Most pe

47、ople were sleeping when the big earthquake took place in that area. 【考点总结】如何判断状语从句状语从句就是起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。去掉从属连词，可以明显的发现主从句仍旧是完整的句子。三、【同步测试】学习必备欢迎下载Summer was coming and it was getting hotter. Mrs. King got _1_ early one morning and went to the market after she _2_ (have) breakfast.

48、She knew that everything was cheap there before eight oclock. She wanted to buy many _3_ (vegetable) for her family. Suddenly she saw there were a _4_ of people around a farmer. She hurried there and found that he was selling some beef. 学习必备欢迎下载“How _5_ does it cost ？” a woman asked. “Two dollars a

49、kilo.”“ Oh ， how cheap it is！ ”Mrs. King said to herself.“John _6_ (like) beef very much. Id better buy some here. ”When she got _7_ with five kilos of beef, her son was happy but her husband got angry. 学习必备欢迎下载“What a silly woman！” said Mr. King. “How shall we keep it fresh in such hot weather？”“Yo

50、ur aunt is very rich， ” said Mrs. King. “Why not go and borrow some money _8_ her? Then well be able to buy a fridge.” Mr. King agreed and they began to teach their five- year- old son what _9_ (say) when they were at his aunts house. “John ， ” Mr. King said ， “how can we keep the beef fresh ？”“That