PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析(2).pdf

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1、PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8 册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有 7 种：to be 句型、there be 句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can 引导的句型、 be going to 句型等。现以 58册书为例，简要分析如下： 一 to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58 册的句型主要有：1. Whos y our English teacher? Mr. Carter. 2. What s

2、he like?He s tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active. 4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. What s your favourite fruit/food?7. They re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is

3、in June. Uncle Bill s birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. What s the date?12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？I m 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me. 16.Youre 4 cm taller than me.17.How heavy are

4、 you? I m 48 kg.18. I m thinner than you, and shorter.19. What s the matter with you? My throat is sore. 20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为： There is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。 There are+可数名词复数 +地点。该句型主要分布在第5 册的 Unit 5 和 Unit 6 中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a ki

5、tchen, a bathroom and a living room. 2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is. 4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are. 三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为

6、，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为： 主语+行为动词 +其他。当主语是第三人称单数时， 要在动词原形后面加 s 或 es ，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词 do 或 does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always 等。 该句型主要分布在第5册 Unit2&3 ，第 6册 Unit1&2, 第 7 册 Unit4,5,6, 第 8 册 Unit2 中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science

7、 on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays. 3. I do my homework. 4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes. Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 2. When do you get u

8、p? I usually get up at 12:00 noon. 3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking. 5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter? Book7: 1. How do you go

9、 to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike. 3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too. 4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does. 5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesn t. She teaches math. 6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. W

10、here does she work? She works in a car company. 8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus. 9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds. 10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour. 11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river. 12

11、. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour. 13. How do you do that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts. 2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在 Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为： be动词（ am, is, are）+动词现在分词

12、 (v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第 6 册 Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing? I m doing the dishes.I m reading a book. 2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3. He is writing an e-mail in the study. 3. What is it doing ? It s eating bananas.4. What is she do

13、ing ? She s jumping.5. What are they doing ? Theyre swimming.They re climbing trees. 6. Are you eating lunch? No, we aren t.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are. 8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt. 五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为： 主语+动词过去式 +

14、其他。标志词通常是： yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did 。该句型分布在第8册 Unit3&4 中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you read book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I

15、 didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends. 8. How did you go there？ I went by train. 此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情态动词 can 引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can 后面的动词要

16、用原形。该句型主要分布在第5 册 Unit4 和第 7 册 Unit1 中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I can t.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can. Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus. 七 将来时：我们的教材中出现

17、过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和 be going to句型，主要以 be going to句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构： am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有： tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend next be going toBook7: 1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents. 2. Where are you going? I am going to th

18、e cinema. 3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane. 4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am. 小学英语不规则动词过去式表be (am is) was are were comecamego went do (does)-did fly flewdrawdrew makemade sing sanghave (has) had eat ate drinkdrankput put letlet readre

19、adcancould see saw meetmetget got forgetforgot take tookmay might shall should will would knowknew begin began bendbentbuild built mean meant buyboughtlearn-learnt learned think thought teach taughtcatch caught sleep slept sweepsweptkeepkept speakspoke ride rodefeel felt leave left give gaverunran r

20、ing rang sit sat swimswam say-said stand-stood telltold throw threw winwon write-wrotebe (am is) was are were comecamego went do (does)-did fly flewdrawdrew makemade sing sanghave (has) had eat ate drinkdrankput put letlet readreadcancould see saw meetmetget got forgetforgot take tookmay might shall

21、 should will would knowknew begin began bendbentbuild built mean meant buyboughtlearn-learnt learned think thought teach taughtcatch caught sleep slept sweepsweptkeepkept speakspoke ride rodefeel felt leave left give gaverunran ring rang sit sat swimswam say-said stand-stood telltold throw threw win

22、won write-wrote一、一般疑问句1. - Did you read books? 你读书了吗？- Yes, I did.是的，我读过了。 / No, I didnt. 不，我没有读过。2. - Is she quiet? 她文静吗？- No, she isnt. Shes very active. 不，她不。她很活跃。- Is she strict? 她严格吗？- Yes, she is, but shes very kind. 是的，她是，但是她很和蔼。3. - Is this a teachers desk? 这是一张讲台桌吗？Is it cold? 冷吗？Is her bir

23、thday in June? 她的生日在六月吗？Is this your T-shirt? 这是你的 T 恤衫吗？- Yes, it is. 是的。 / No, it isnt. (No, its not.) 不，不是的。4. - Can you make the bed? 你会铺床吗？Can you use a computer? 你会使用电脑吗？- Yes, I can. 是的，我会。 / No, I cant. 不，我不会。5. - Are they ducks? 它们是鸭子吗？Are they eating the honey? 它们吃蜂蜜吗？- Yes, they are. 是的，它

24、们是。 / No, they arent. 不，它们不是。6. - Is there a forest in the park? 公园里有一个森林吗？Is there a river? 那里有条河吗？- Yes, there is. 是的，那里有。 / No, there arent. 不，那里没有。7. - Are there any pandas in the mountains? 山里有一些熊猫吗？Are there any fish in the rivers? 河里有一些鱼吗？- Yes, there are. 是的，那里有。 / No, there arent. 不，那里没有。8.

25、 - Are you eating lunch? 你（们）正在吃午餐吗？- Yes, I am. (Yes, we are.) 是的，我正在吃。（是的，我们正在吃。）No, I am not. (No, we arent.) 不，我没有在吃。（不，我们没有在吃。）9. - Is he playing chess? 他正在下棋吗？- Yes, he is. 是的，他是。 / No, he isnt. 不，他没有。10. - Is she counting insects? 她正在数昆虫吗？- Yes, she is. 是的，她是。 / No, she isnt. 不，她没有。11. - Does

26、 she / he teach English? 她（他）教英语吗？- Yes, she / he does. 是的，她（他）是。 / No, she / he doesnt. 不，她（他）不是。二、谈论时间1. - What time is it? 几点钟？- Its two oclock. 两点钟。Its 9: 45. Its time for math class. 九点四十五。是上数学课的时间了。2. - What day is it today? 今天星期几？- Its Wednesday. 星期三。3. - When do you eat dinner? 你几点吃晚餐？- I ea

27、t dinner at 7: 00 in the evening. 我晚上 7 点钟吃晚餐。4. - When do you get up? 你几点起床？- I usually get up at 12: 00 noon. 我一般中午 12 点钟起床。5. - When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？- Its in May. 在五月。My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在六月。6. - Whats the date? 几月几日？- June 9th

28、. 六月九日。三、谈论颜色1. - What colour is it? 什么颜色？- Its white. 白色。四、谈论地点1. - Where are you going this afternoon? 下午你打算去哪？- Im going to the bookstore. 我打算去书店。12. - What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么？- Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 一般我看电视和去购物。Sometimes I visit my grandparents. 有时候我去拜访我的祖父母。/ I often

29、play football. 我经常去踢足球。Sometimes I go hiking. 有时候我去远足。13. - What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你们有什么课？- We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 星期四我们有英语，数学和科学课。14. - What do you do on Saturdays? 星期六你做什么？- I watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我看电视。15. - What about you? 你呢？- I do my homework, too. 我也做我的

30、家庭作业。16. - What do you have for lunch on Mondays? 星期一你中餐吃什么？- We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 我们吃西红柿，豆腐和鱼。17. - What can you do? 你能做什么？- I can sweep the floor. 我会扫地。I can cook the meals. 我会做饭。I can water the flowers. 我会浇花。十、谈论方式1. - How do you go to school, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么去学校？- Usually I go to school

31、 on foot. 一般我走路去学校。Sometimes I go by bike. 有时候我骑自行车。2. - How can I get to Zhongshan Park? 我怎么去中山公园？- You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以坐 15 路公共汽车。3. - How did you go there? 你怎么去那？- I went by train. 我坐火车去。4. - How do you do that? 你怎么做那件事？- First, I . Then I . 首先，我。然后我。5. What should you do then? 然后你怎么

32、做？6. - How does she go to work? 她怎么去工作？- She goes to work by bus. 她坐公共汽车去工作。十一、谈论心情，身体状况1. How are you, Liu Yun? 刘云，你怎么样？You look so happy. 你看起来很开心。2. How are you, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么样？You look sad today. 今天你看起来很伤心。3. - Whats the matter? 怎么了？- My throat is sore. My nose hurts. 我的喉咙痛。我的鼻子痛。十二、谈论体重、身高1. - H

33、ow heavy are you? 你多少重？- Im 48 kg. 我 48 公斤。- Im thinner than you, and shorter. 我比你瘦和矮。2. - How tall are you? 你多高？- Im 164 cm tall. 我 164 厘米高。- Youre shorter than me. 你比我矮。Youre 4 cm taller than me. 你比我高四厘米。十三、谈论职业1. - What does your mother do? 你妈妈做什么的？- She is a TV reporter. 她是一个电视台记者。十四、谈论天气1.Whats

34、 the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样？2. Its warm today. 今天很暖和。3. Its cool. 今天很凉爽 . 小学英语语法知识汇总（一）一、词类：1、动词：行为动词、 be 动词、情态动词。（1）行为动词原形、 +s/es 、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：（2）be 动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用 am, 你用 are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not)

35、 long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、 一般疑问句Am I ? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are you/they ? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. is 、am 、are 为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和 were 为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。（3）情态动词can、must、should 、would、may 。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）2、名词这里强

36、调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is 或者 was。如何加后缀：a 一般情况下，直接加 -s ， 如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾， 加-es ， 如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c以“辅音字母 +y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es ，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries d以“f或 fe ”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es ，如： knife-kniv

37、es e不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 3、形容词（包括副词）形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特征： asas 中间一定用原形，有than 的时候

38、一定 +er。4、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性（短）名词性（长）形容词性（短）名词性（长）第一人称I me we us my mine our ours 第二人称you you you you your yours your yours 第三人称he him they them his his their theirs she her her hers it it its its 人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词（短的）和名词性物主代词（长的）一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主

39、代词（短的）；如无，就用名词性物主代词（长的）。5、数量词我们学过两类： 基数词和序数词。 基数用于表示数量多少， 而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the 。6、冠词有 a、 an、 the 。 a 和 an 的区别：an 用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou ）前，a 用于辅音音素前。小学英语语法知识汇总（二）二、否定句：be 动词（am 、is 、are、was、were）+not、情态动词（ can、must、should ）+ not 、助动词（ do、does、did ） + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无 be 动词，如有，直

40、接在be 动词后 + not 。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not 。3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not 。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用 do、does 还是 did ，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用 do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有 did 。（3）在助动词后加 not 。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有 some的要考虑是否要用any。三、一般疑问句。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无 be

41、动词，如有，把 be 动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用 do、does 还是 did ，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用 do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有 did 。（3）把助动词后提到句首。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有 some的要考虑是否要用any。四、特殊疑问句。表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问

42、词意思用法When 什么时间问时间What time 什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who 谁问人Whose 谁的问主人Where 在哪里问地点Which 哪一个问选择Why 为什么问原因What 什么问东西、事物What colour 什么颜色问颜色What about 。怎么样问意见What day 星期几问星期几What date 什么日期问日期What for 为何目的问目的How 。怎样问情况How old 多大年纪问年纪How many 多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much 多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）How about 。怎么样问意见How ofte

43、n 多久问频率How long 多长时间问时间长度How far 多远问多远；多长距离五、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头（有时有please ），否定的祈使句一定是 dont加动词原形开头（有时有please ）。把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加dont即可。小学英语语法知识汇总（三）六、时态1、一般现在时（1）一般现在时中的be 动词：一般用原形： am is are am用于第一人称单数（ I ）；is 用于第三人称单数（ he she it和其他人名或称谓，如： Ben his sister等）； are 用于第二人称单数（ you）和所有复数

44、（包括第一人称复数we 、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数 they 和其他复数，如 the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般现在时中的动词：第一种情况：主语是第三人称单数（he she it 和其他，如 Helen 、her cousin 等），动词后一般加s 或 es。第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。（4）一般现在时判断依据（如何判断一个句子是一般现在时）：be 动词是 am 、is 、are 动词用原形或加s、es 没有时间状语或有usually 、often 、everyday 、sometimes 等不是具体的时间2、一般过去时（1）一般过

45、去时中的be 动词：一般用过去式： was were was用于第一人称单数 （I ）和第三人称单数 （he she it和其他人名或称谓，如： Ben 、 his sister等）； were 用于第二人称单数（ you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we 、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数 they 和其他复数，如 the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般过去时中的动词：一般只有一种情况： +ed 这里强调一点， 和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称，也不管是单数和复数都加 ed。（4）一般过去时判断依据（如何判断一个句子是一般过去时）：be 动词是 was

46、、were 动词加 ed 有表示过去的时间状语现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now a moment ago yesterday last week last night last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago five years ago this morning 3、一般将来时（1）构成形式：Be going to +动词原形， will + 动词原形（2）一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。（3）句中往往有 tomorrow、soon、next week 等词。4、现在进行时（

47、1）构成形式：Be动词+动词的 ing 形式这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。（2）现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。（3）有用的依据：一个句子中既有 be 动词，又有动词，且动词加了ing 该句是现在进行时（4）句中往往有 now 、look 、listen等词。动词过去式、现在分词的不规则变化：英语语法口诀歌1. 数词变化规律及读法口诀两大数词基和序， 前表数量后第几。构成先谈基数词， 1 至 12 请认真记。13 至 19teen 结尾齐， ty 结尾表示几十。若要表达几十几，几十短横1到 9。One hundred 一百记，若表几百几十几。几百 and

48、几十几，基数规律上述里。再把序数谈仔细，第一至三独立记。第四至十九结尾 th, 第廿到九十有规律。基数基础 y 变 ieth 。第几十几有特例，第几十由基数起，几用序数有道理。第一百 one hundred。若说第一百几十几。 One hundred and 第几十几。谈此即告一段落。2. 一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀经常习惯动作和真理，是一般现在时的定义。构成除单三皆动原式。若逢动词第三人称体，动词变单三式有道理。若要变成否定的形式，动词原形之前加dont, 除单三人称外无特例。单三式前 doesnt动原基。句首 Do,Does疑问起， Does用单三人称限制，单三还原形没大问题。3. 变动

49、词单三人称口诀一般情况动词尾 -s 加。O,s,ch,sh结尾“ -es”没有差。辅音加 y 去 y 为“-ies ”是方法。 4 现在分词构成口诀词尾直加 -ing 是一般式， 若遇无音e 去之加 -ing 。重读闭音一辅音字母尾，双写该字母-ing 是正里。 8. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀结尾直加 -er,-est属一般，详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写-er,-est是习惯。辅音加 y(ly) 除外有型感，按照去y,-er,-iest方法办。上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。词前加 more,most 此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。有些

50、不规则变化请你记全。“双好”better,best记的宽。“坏病” worse,worst莫记乱。“双多” more,most 不用管“老、远”两种形式别记篡，“有点”less,least记清盼。 5. 感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀 1. 记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个。或：一感二听三使四看。一感；feel 二听：hear,listen to 三使： make ,let ,have 四看： look at,see,watch,notice 使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪， to 在句中象妖怪。主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。动词 let 要除外， to 词可来可不来。 10. 规则动词加 -