专四之定语从句ppt课件.ppt

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1、 Dont forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。已经失去的，留作回忆。 The Attributive clause语法讲解语法讲解 定语从句定语从句（the at

2、tributive clause） 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_ ，引导定语，引导定语从句的词叫做从句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接连接（连接定语从句和主句）、（连接定语从句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面的（替代前面的 先行词）、先行词）、成分成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。句子成分）。在复合句中，充当在复合句中，充当_ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语从句“先行词先行词”“关系代词关系代词” “关系副词关系副词”形容词形容词whowhomwhichthatwhosewhenwher

3、ewhytimeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语4. 关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为当先行词为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用时，应用关系词关系词that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)当当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中

4、作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I live. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherein whichwhyfor which 4) Is th

5、is the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to

6、clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which) The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was no

7、t there at that time.1. 先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one.2. 先行词被先行词被all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none修饰时修饰时以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。3. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时修饰时4.先行

8、词被数词先行词被数词,序数词修饰时序数词修饰时5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时修饰时6. 先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时7. 先行词在从句中做表语时先行词在从句中做表语时8. 主句以主句以there be开头开头1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place

9、 _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itExercise:先行词为先行词为everything，little, much，all，anything，nothing, none, few等词时，等词时，关系代词用关系代词用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _

10、 you can find.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. it B. / C. which D. that7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. where B. which C. that D. it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修饰时修饰时先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，

11、先行词前有序数词有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或者者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。考点二：以下情况只能用考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。1.引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时时, 其先行词可是其先行词可是一个词一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 3.句子中同时有两个定

12、语从句，其中一个句子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了已经用了 that 引导时引导时 2. 先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时 考点三：关系代词考点三：关系代词 as 的用法的用法 the same as 表示表示同一类同一类人或物；人或物； the same that 指指同一个同一个人或物人或物1.直接引导定语从句直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于作用相当于which He was late, as / which is often the case. 2.与与such 连用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 There are no such writers as

13、you mention. It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 3.与与same 连用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 如此如此 以至于以至于 ，结果状语从句，结果状语从句This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不

14、见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 Eg:4. as 与与 which 的区别的区别as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的行为动词的被动语态，被动语态，如如 be known， be said，be reported 等等 如从句中如从句中行为动词是主动语态行为动词是主动语态，一般要用，一般要用which作主语。作主语。1) She has been late again, _ was expected.2) Tom has made great progress, _ made us happy.aswhich1. _ was natural, he marr

15、ied Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. where C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. T

16、hat D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like考点四：什么情况下考点四：什么情况下 whose和和of which不能互换不能互换?1. 先行词是人时，只能用先行词是人时，只能用whose, 不能用不能用of whichIts the first time the boy _ father is an engineer has paid a visit to our school. 2. of 不具有所属关系时，不能用不具有所属关系时，不能用whose She would like to rea

17、d the novel of which a great number of people have heard. whose 考点五考点五:什么情况下用什么情况下用 who 不用不用 that？ 先行词是人称代词时，如：先行词是人称代词时，如： He, who just heard the news of his fathers death, burst into tears. 考点六考点六 : way 后面的定语从句后面的定语从句 way 后面的定语从句的引导词有后面的定语从句的引导词有 in which that 或或 不填不填，如：，如： I recognized hes from A

18、ustralia from the way _ he speaks. in which ( that / 不填不填)1. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when /in whichwhichwhere/ in which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词4. I went to the place _ I visited ten

19、years ago.5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ he gave. whichwhy/ for whichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词 定语从句三步：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的第二看先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语法功能（做主语、宾语或状 语）语）第三选择合适的关系词第三选择合适的关系词专题专练专题专练1. Do you think such a place _ you speak of is worth visitin

20、g?2.He promised to come to see me on purpose on Sunday, _ I doubt very much. 3. There is a lake near our schoolyard, _ depth is out of your expectation. 4. -Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper?- Well, anything is Ok for me. 5. The house in _ he used to live has turned into a library.

21、 as which whose that which = the lakes 6. Students in our school, most of _ are from the south of China, enjoy rice very much.7. Can you think of a situation _ this idiom is used?8. _ is often the case, teachers in our school usually return to school on Sunday evenings. 9. Which is the road _ leads

22、to the village _ you were born?10. The newcomer is from Jiangxi, _ I can tell from his accent. whom where As that where which = in which 1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of _ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a littl

23、e man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses. b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses解题点拨解题点拨 :是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim _考点考点易混句型易混句型1.1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句 1). a. The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited.

24、b. The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a promise _ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise _ pleased all her children. that(that/which)that/whichthat解题点拨：解题点拨：that引导的引导的定语从句定语从句是对其先行词的是对其先行词的修修饰或限制饰或限制；在句中；在句中作成份作成份( (作宾语省略作宾语省略),),指物时可用指

25、物时可用whichwhich代替；而代替；而同位语从句同位语从句是对前面名词的是对前面名词的说明和解释说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用在从句中仅起连接作用, ,不充当成份不充当成份，不能省略，不能省略, ,不能用不能用whichwhich代替。代替。 .定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句 1) a. It is in this room _I lived last year. b. It is the room _I lived last year. 2) a. It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. b.

26、It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.解题点拨：解题点拨：强调句型：强调句型：It is/was+ +被强调的成被强调的成份份+ +that/who+ +其它部分其它部分; ; 去掉去掉 It is /was .that/who ,句子照样成立句子照样成立; ;而定语从句的而定语从句的引引导词在句中要作成份导词在句中要作成份。thatwherethatwhen. .定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句典型陷阱题详解典型陷阱题详解 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _

27、 high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,

28、 “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A. that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中

29、的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从

30、句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。 David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him. A. that B. wh

31、o C. as D. whomA 5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句 【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。 They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。 Thank you