ppt课件初中语法--英语词性分类及用法.ppt

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1、词类英语名称作用例词名词Noun（缩写为n.）表示人或事物的名称party政党China中国代词Pronoun (pron.)用来代替名词、形容词或数词等He他that那数词Numeral (num.)表示数量或顺序one一first第一形 容 词Adjective（adj.）用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质safe安全great伟大副词Adverb (adv.)用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性hard艰苦here这里冠词Article (art.)用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物an，a，the动词Verb (v.)表示人或事物的动作或状态eat吃have有介

2、词Preposition (prep.)用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系under在。下in在。里连词Conjunction (conj.)用来连接词、短语或句子and和but但是感 叹 词Interjection (interj.)表示说话时的感情或口气Hello喂why呃，嘿 情况构成方法例词一般情况加 -smap-maps bag-bagscar-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加 -esbus-buses watch-watchesce, se, ze, (d)ge等结尾的词加 -slicense-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i再加esba

3、by-babies1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直 接加s变复数：如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去f,

4、fe 加-ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； flowerflowers找找规律规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf - leavesboxes找找规律规律tomatoespotatoesheroes不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_.

5、 Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州）杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004长春）长春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education

6、 B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes C C A A B根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing

7、 a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13.

8、 How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucysEg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are m

9、y friends. B B B C6. People get _(他们的) money from_(我). I You my his She Theirtheirme itThey Their me our me them we He your you you you her I him she用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形形容词容词。作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything

10、 clean and tidy.注意：1.有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： The old man is alone. 2. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要 放在这些词的后面。 Youd better tell us something interesting.作表语时放在连系动词之后。The price sounds reasonable.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。 We must try our best to keep our environment clean

11、. 后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。 Something serious has happened to him.与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。 Hes 1.8 metres tall. 一、副词的位置副词的位置 1.在许多情况下，副词都放在所修饰的动词后面或句末。 The girl dances very well. 2.有时也放在主语后面，谓语动词前面(对动作加以强调)。 He angrily closed the door. 3.句中的副词如碰上助动词，be动词，则通常放在助动词，be动词之后，实义动词之前 We have already read

12、the book. 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词，介词分类介词分类按结构英语介词可分为按结构英语介词可分为2类：类： 1简单介词简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2短语介词短语介词，指多个单词构成的介词，如，in front of ,out of ,instead of ,far from ,apart from 等。