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1、介词总结辨析介词1表示时间的介词:at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。2表示地点,位置,方向的介词:next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等3表示原因,理由的介词:for, as, at, from 等4表示方式的介词:on, in, by, with 等。表示时间的i
2、n, on, at, after1)in 的用法。用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring用于一段时间后。In a week, in a years time, in two hours2)on 的用法用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Years Day用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day3)at
3、 的用法用于具体的钟点。At 12 oclock, at half nine用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time4)after表示在一点时间以后。After twelve oclock表示的地点的 in, on , atin指大地方,at是小地点, in表示的是体,on表示的是面,at表示的是点。in可指内部, on可指“在之上”There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。There are five pict
4、ures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.1)on , over, above指上方;under, below指下方;on指物体接触。2)over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。4. between, amongBetween指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。6. with, in ,byWith后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟某种方式。I can writ
5、e with a pen. 我能用笔写。7. 看似相同,但意义有别的词组。At school 在上学 At the school 在学校 In front of 在前边(外部) In the front of 在前部(内部) In class 在课上 In the class 在这个班In bed 在睡觉 In the bed 在床上 In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在医院里Go to school 去上学 Go to the school 去学校I. 介词的种类 1. 简单介词,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, bes
6、ide, for , to, without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against 等。 2. 复合介词 如, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at (3) 和名词的搭配
7、,如answer to , key to, reason for, visit to等. II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别1. at, on, in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子 A. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如: at five oclock (五点),at daybreak (天亮), at noon (中午),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of
8、 day (在一天的这个时候)B. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:in 2006(2006年),in May,2004 (2004年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。C. on后跟某日,星期几,某日
9、的朝夕,节日等,即具体某一天极其早中、晚. 如:on Sunday (星期日), on a warm morning in April (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on Christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Years Day.(特别提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用
10、介词2. between, among(表位置) “在.之间” A. between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也可用between, 如 :Im sitting between Tom and Alice. B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:He is the best among the students. 3. beside, besides, except beside意为在旁边, He sat beside me.besides意为除之外, 包括在内。What do you want besides this? except意为除之外, 不
11、包括在内 They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. in the tree, on the tree in the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上,on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5. on the way, by the way, in this way on the way 指在路上, on ones way to .by the way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法 , in that way , in other way, in these ways6. by bus, on the
12、 bus by bus 是一般说法, 固定搭配, on the bus 特指乘某一辆车7. across, through, 和past“通过, 经过” across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, river through从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate past 从旁边经过.8. on, above, over, “ 8. on, above, over, “ 在上”, up, up,A. on指在某物表面上,有接触点 a book on the table B. over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物
13、上, 与under相对 a cloth over the table , a fan over the table C. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方 反义词为 below , The temperature today is above zero.今天气温零度以上.D. up表示在往上的方向 反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空 9. in, after “以后”A. “in +一段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.B. “after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于 一段时间+ lat
14、erMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later. 10. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具, A. by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式. B. with 表示用 工具, C. in 表示用方式,用语言(语调、颜色)等 D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg: He learned Japanese by
15、listening to the radio. We Chinese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English. 11. 放在地点之前的介词:at, in, on A. at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近,旁边”B. in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。C. on 表示毗邻,接壤D. to 表示在范围外,不强调是否接壤III. 介词的其他一些用法.1.as, 作为. English is used as a mother language.2.at, 在旁边, The boy is sitting at the door.3.but, 除了. He has nothing but money.4.like, 象, 如同. He looks like my best friend.5.till, until, 直到, 在以前. We didnt go home till five yesterday. 6.with , 有,带着 。 Id like some coffee with sugar.7.by, 在.附近 They live by a river.8.短语介词: thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of
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