新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2-Unit-6-A篇练习答案及课文翻译ppt课件.pptx
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1、有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。ContentsActive Reading 1Active Reading 1有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Warming UpKeyWatch the clip of the movie Meet t
2、he Parents and answer the questions.1. Do you think the men unlucky? 2. How many unlucky things can you find in the film? 3. Do you believe one bad leads to another? 4.Have you ever run into any unlucky things?有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。1. Do you think the
3、 men unlucky? Yes.2. How many unlucky things can you find in the film? First, they lost their way. Second, they had the wrong map. Third, they ran into the cop 3. Do you believe one bad leads to another? Open answer.4. Have you ever run into any unlucky things? Open answer.Warming Up有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,
4、创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。TextCan bad luck be explained?有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Can bad luck be explained?1 Toast always lands butter side down. It always rains on bank holidays. You never win the lottery, but other people y
5、ou know seem to . Do you ever get the impression that you were born unlucky? Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out there making mishaps occur at the worst possible time. We all like to believe that Murphys Law is true (“if it can go wrong, it will”).Text有利
6、于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。2 Part of the explanation for bad luck is mathematical, but part is psychological. Indeed there is a very close connection between peoples perception of bad luck and interesting coincidences.3 For example, take the belief that “bad
7、 things always happen in threes” (just like buses .!) This popular notion would be unlikely to stand the scrutiny of any scientific study, but it must have some basis in experience, otherwise the phrase would never have arisen in the first place. What might be the rational explanation?Text有利于学习和创新的组
8、织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。4 The first question is “what is bad?”5 Some things are only marginally bad, for example the train arriving five minutes late. Some are extremely bad, such as failing an exam or being sacked. So badness is much better represented as being
9、on a spectrum rather than something which is there or not there.6 A particular event may only be a misfortune because of the circumstances around it. The train arriving five minutes late is a neutral event if you are in no hurry and reading an interesting newspaper article while you wait. It is bad
10、if you are late for an important meeting.Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。7 When it comes to bad things happening in threes, what may be most important of all is the duration and memorability of the first event. Take a burst pipe while you are away on holida
11、y, for example. It may take less than an hour to flood the house, but this one bad event can remain alive and kicking for many months, with the cleaning up operation and the debate with your insurers acting as constant reminders of the original event.Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为
12、中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。8 The longer the first bad event sticks in the front of your mind, the more opportunities you will have to experience two more bad events. A month later someone bumps the back of your car and a week after that you lose your wedding ring. The mind which is already on a low f
13、rom the first event will quickly leap to connect the subsequent misfortunes as part of the series. It wouldnt matter that there could be a two-month timescale over which everything happened. By the time you have recovered from the water damage you are actively looking out for the next disaster. The
14、timescale has been extended as long as is necessary to confirm the original prophecy.Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。9 As with coincidences, in bad luck there is a tendency to look for the examples which confirm the theory, and ignore those which dont (beca
15、use they are less interesting). Single bad events happen all the time. That alone should be enough to disprove the theory. Bad things also come in twos. But it is more likely that a friend will tell you “three bad things have happened to me, isnt that typical” than “only two bad things have happened
16、 to me, which just proves that the theory doesnt work”. After all, the latter is tempting fate!Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。10There is, however, at least one rational reason why bad events might cluster together. It is related to probability and independ
17、ence. Unlucky events are not always independent of each other. Anybody who is made redundant is bound to suffer some depression. That will lower the bodys defences, making the person vulnerable to illness, and also making them less alert and responsive (so they may be more likely to drop a precious
18、vase, for example). Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 So while the probability of being made redundant on any particular day and the probability of being sick may both be small, the chance of both occurring is almost certainly higher than the product of the
19、two probabilities.Map reading misfortunes11So much for the general incidents of bad luck which crop up in life. Lets get on to a specific one that everyone has encountered.Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。12 You are off to visit a friend who lives at the oth
20、er end of the city. You look up the road in the street atlas, and discover that it is right on the edge of the page. This means that finding the precise route becomes a chore of flicking backwards and forwards from one page to the next. Either the road is half on one page and half on the other, or i
21、ts spread across the fold in the middle of the book. And if its an ordnance survey map, then your destination is at just the point where you folded the map over.Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。13 It doesnt seem fair. After all a map only has a tiny bit of “
22、edge” but plenty of “middle” in which your destination could be situated. Or has it? In fact the chance of picking a destination which is close to the edge of the map is a lot higher than you might expect.Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。14 Take a look at th
23、e map in the diagram. You will have a problem if your destination is anywhere in the shaded area marked on the map. This shaded area is just 1 cm into the page all the way around. It looks insignificant. However, the shaded area adds up to 56 cm2. Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的
24、企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 That represents 28 per cent of the area of the whole page of the map, which means that any specific point that you are seeking on this map has a 28 per cent chance (thats nearly one in three) of being in an awkward position within 1 cm of the edge of the page. And if you rega
25、rd being within 2 cm of the edge of the page as being awkward, the chance of ill-fortune climbs to 52 per cent. In other words, you might expect this misfortune to occur on almost every other journey.Text有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制,创造充满活力的创新激励机制,以市场为导向,以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围,依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。15 As in most bad luck st
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