多功能自动打铃控制装置的设计外文翻译资料(共10页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上浙江师范大学本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译译文：建立一个自动下课铃定时器简介 也许因为时间到学校存在学校的铃声来到中所使用的系统，每所学校的设备不可缺少的一块。他们基本上是一个机械装置，能够产生下一个施加的外力影响一个响亮而尖锐的声音。具体来说，老式学校的铃声出了一个大锣（圆形黄铜盘）的形式。木锤（锤）被用来打锣或爆炸，并产生了尖锐刺耳的声音的耳朵，从很远的距离可闻。学校的校钟的功能，从根本上从一开始仍是相同的 - 分成等份的课时，并表明他们的开始和结束与一个独特的声音。即使在今天，大多数学校他们在使用中仍为同一目的，这种类型的钟声已经慢慢被更高效的电钟取代了。但是，一

2、个学校的铃声特别的缺点是，这些需要手动操作，因而总是有人需要保持警觉，并及时启动设备。这项工作可以很艰苦的身体以及精神，平静，奇怪的是，你会发现很多学校都没有一个自动装置，可以通过自身的工作都配备。用一个简单的电子下课铃就响了时间的钟特定目的而设计的定时器本文章处理。当内置它能够打开和关闭的自动钟，在固定的时间间隔，这取决于它的设置。在我们学习施工细节,让我们先确定我们知道如何运作电动钟做出一个学校的钟的声音。机电学校的铃声如何工作的？下课铃是一个电动的机电设备，能够生产一倒一碗刺耳的金属敲击声的响起，通过反复的影响力。它的操作简单理解可以通过以下简要说明： 有一个线圈绕在铁芯上形成以该单位的

3、一部分电磁铁。 当电流（交流电源）是适用于线圈，由于输入交流变流线圈的两端产生不同的周围强大的磁场。 一个弹簧加载的响应其磁场铁轴在靠近该线圈无所不能振动迅速。 这是布置，铁轴一端（一锤形的金属片）敲碗金属空心圆筒形件，而振动，以产生所需的尖锐响亮的噪音 - 一个典型的下课铃的声音。电路描述 顾名思义，一个计时器上课铃目前电路是用来响上课铃顺序，在每节课的时间已经过去了电子计时器设置。这些每个人都可以按顺序排列的定时器编程设置或5分钟到10每个离散的步骤分别获得50分钟的总时间间隔。因此，这些计时器每一个有能力生产的时间间隔从5分钟以上至50分钟为限，满足大多数学校的时间表。一个单级电路描述（

4、第一个）应该让你了解该单位的整体运作，因为每一个阶段，只是以前的一重复。在进入主定时器电路移动，重要的是首先要了解振荡器的电路功能。振荡器电路： 集成电路4060是在与有线的P1，P2，R3和C5的界定及其基本振荡器振荡频率的配置。 P2是用于粗而设置P1是用精炼的结果。对C5的值也决定了振荡速度，但它的价值将保持不变，应适当选择。 12的复位引脚接地，使芯片可以开始振荡的时刻接通电源。C1的使得确保计数为0，而不是从任何中间数字开始。 时钟（振荡）输出引脚收到3，用于驱动定时器电路的主要后续芯片。 集成电路7805提供了一个干净调节5伏到整个单位的供应。主控制电路：在我以前的一篇文章中我们讨

5、论的IC4017。谈到文章将帮助您更好地了解目前的电路，因为它主要围绕集成电路4017配置。让我们来看看如何进行定时电路的主要功能： 假设从4060收到集成电路振荡器的时钟脉冲设置为每5分钟准确。 只要接通电源（见附图），C1的重置IC1和它的时钟开始响应得到了振荡器部分，不仅是因为它的复位引脚通过R115是接地的脉冲。 现在，如果滑块的RS1的手臂被放置在IC1的引脚1，时钟高脉冲将达到25分钟后，在这个点（因为每个顺序的步骤是在5分钟的速度进行）。 现在，这个逻辑在滑块的RS1的手臂高会两个重要的事情：首先，这将是一个逻辑高电平信号使IC1的引脚13它“冻结”（龙头）在这一点，并停止响应的

6、时钟脉冲在其引脚14。其次，同样的逻辑脉冲会也同时被发送到T1的基础，这反过来将复位IC 2。 IC 2的现在立即开始计数（响应在其引脚14到时钟脉冲），将IC1的重复同一个周期，即RS2的滑块手将成为高后规定的期限，“冻结”本身并激活第三现阶段继续这一进程，并依此类推，直至达到最后阶段。 一旦逝去的一段时间内的最后阶段，整个活动涉及到一个停滞不前。或者，如果逻辑从去年旋转开关滑块手臂高脉冲反馈到IC1的（引脚通过D115）的第一阶段，这将削弱整个系统的闩锁和周期将重新启动一遍。 由于A点（滑块机构）的每个后续阶段旋转开关也连接到继电器驱动晶体管，它会激活继电器瞬间，因为这些问题继续成为高顺序

7、根据旋转开关的相关设置。 你可以添加任意多的阶段，你要在电路中，根据所需的时间为特定学校（时间表）数量而定。在我的原型，我包括了多达33个阶段的规定。 有线连接的继电器的钟，这是鸣响在回应上述职能定期。事实上，目前电路可以完成任何任务，需要一个独立的一套，是一个特定的负载（连接到继电器的触点）顺序切换，因此可以很容易被其他更复杂的产业化经营就业。建设线索一个设计PCB是严格推荐用于学校的钟计时器目前电路结构。虽然我不能提供一个设计的PCB布局，设计你自己的版本将不会在任何困难，因为在设计的第一阶段布局，在后续阶段的布局仅仅是所需人数复制。对于我的样机，PCB布局设计做是“Corel公司抽奖”，

8、我会说，这里提供的工具是非常理想的适合这样的任务。一旦你有一个印刷电路板，它只是一个问题，并在其插入相关岗位焊接定的组成部分正确。整个组装机可能被安置在一个强大而坚固的ABS塑料盒，旋转开关的主轴，LED和电源线即将到来的钻孔进行了适当的包装盒正面的一面。测试完全组装的单位可以进行测试了以下方法： 保持最初阶段，从主振荡器定时电路断开。通过试验和错误，P1和P2的设定，从而使振荡器产生的时钟脉冲正是每5分钟。 现在设置的所有定时器旋转开关到最小范围，即在引脚每个阶段4。 连接一个小型电动铃图中的继电器触点，如图所示。 连接到主振荡器部分定时器节，上了单元的电源。随即，启动了环就会响起钟声，表明

9、计时器（或学校时期）已经开始。 在振荡器部分领导的，应立即开始闪烁，表明它的工作，并提供时钟脉冲，定时器阶段。 5分钟后，正是基地领导了第一个计时器T1期应点亮顺序和程序应得到休息的阶段反复进行，直至达到最后阶段。确认为每个阶段的旋转开关其他设置相同的动作。 这个结论的建设以及设立上课铃定时电路。该系统现在应该自动完成所需的功能忠实的许多年里来。如果您需要任何进一步的协助，请随时通过互动的评论（评论要求缓和，可能需要时间来显示）。专心-专注-专业原文： BUILD AN AUTOMATIC SCHOOL BELL TIMERIntroductionProbably since the time

10、 schools came into existence school bells were used in the system, an indispensable piece of equipment for every school.They are basically a mechanical device that is able to produce a loud and sharp sound under the influence of an external applied force. Specifically, old fashioned school bells had

11、 the form of a large gong (circular brass disc). A wooden mallet (hammer) was used to hit or bang the gong, and produced a sharp ear piercing sound, audible from quite a far distance.The function of a school bell has fundamentally remained the same since the beginning “ to divide the class periods i

12、nto equal parts and indicate their start and finish with a distinctive sound.This type of bell has slowly been replaced by more efficient electric bells and they are in use even today in most schools for the same purpose.But one particular drawback of school bells is that these need to be operated m

13、anually and thus someone always needs to remain alert and activate the device on time.The job can be strenuous physically as well as mentally, and still, strangely, you will find many schools are not equipped with an automatic device that can do the job all by itself.The present article deals with a

14、 simple electronic school bell timer designed for the specific purpose of ringing the bell on time. When built it is able to switch ON and OFF an bell automatically, at regular time intervals, depending on its settings.Before we learn the construction details, lets first make sure we know how an bel

15、l operates to make a school bell sound.How Do Electrical School Bells Work?An electric school bell is an electromechanical device, able to produce a shrill ringing sound through the repeated hammering of an inverted metallic bowl in the influence of (See Image and Click to Enlarge).Its operation may

16、 be simply understood through the following brief explanation: There is a coil of wire wound over an iron core to form an electromagnet as part of the unit. When an electric current (AC mains) is applied to the two ends of the coil, due to the varying flux of the input AC the coil produces a strong

17、varying magnetic field around it. A spring loaded iron shaft pivoted in close proximity to this coil vibrates rapidly in response to its magnetic field. This iron shaft is arranged that one end (a hammer shaped piece of metal) knocks a hollow cylindrical bowl shaped piece of metal while vibrating, t

18、o produce the required sharp and loud ringing noise - a typical school bell sound.Circuit DescriptionAs the name suggests, the present circuit of a school bell timer is a set of electronic timers used to ring the school bell sequentially, after each class period has elapsed. Each of these sequential

19、ly arranged timers may be set or programmed individually through 10 discrete steps of 5 minutes each to get a total time interval of 50 minutes. Therefore, each of these timers are able to produce time intervals ranging from a minimum of 5 minutes to a maximum of 50 minutes, satisfying most school t

20、ime tables. The circuit description of a single stage (the first one) should let you understand the whole operation of the unit, as each stage is just a repetition of the previous one.Before moving into the main timer circuit, it is important first to learn about the functioning of the oscillator ci

21、rcuit.The Oscillator Circuit: (Click Image to Enlarge) IC 4060 is wired in its basic oscillator configuration with P1, P2, R3 and C5 defining its oscillating frequency. P2 is used for a coarse setting while P1 is used for refining the results. The value of C5 also determines the rate of oscillation,

22、 but its value will remain fixed and should be selected appropriately. The reset pin #12 is grounded so that the IC can start oscillating the moment power is switched ON. C1 makes it sure that the counting is initiated from 0 and not from any intermediate figure. The clock (oscillations) output is r

23、eceived at pin #3 and is used to drive the subsequent ICs of the main timer circuit. IC 7805 provides a clean regulated 5 volts supply to the whole unit. The Main Control Circuit: (Click Image to Enlarge)In one of my previous articles we discussed . Referring to the article will help you to understa

24、nd the present circuit better as it is primarily configured around IC 4017.Lets proceed to see how the main timer circuit functions: Assume that the clock pulses received from the oscillator IC 4060 are set to exactly 5 minutes each. As soon as the power is switched ON (see diagram), C1 resets IC1 a

25、nd it starts responding to the clock pulses received from the oscillator section, only because its reset pin # 15 is grounded via R1. Now if the slider arm of RS1 is placed at pin #1 of IC1, a clock high pulse will reach at this point after 25 minutes (since each sequential step is proceeding at a 5

26、 minute rate). Now this logic high at the slider arm of RS1 will do two important things: Firstly, it will send a logic high signal to pin #13 of IC1 so that it freezes (latches) at that point and stops responding to the clock pulses at its pin #14. Secondly, the same logic pulse will also simultane

27、ously be sent to the base of T1, which in turn will reset IC 2. IC 2 will now immediately start counting (responding to the clock pulses at its pin #14) and will repeat the same cycle as IC1, i.e. the slider arm of RS2 will become high after the set period, freezing itself and activating the third s

28、tage to continue the process, and so on until the last stage is reached. Once the time period of the last stage elapses, the whole activity comes to a stand still. Alternatively, if the logic high pulse from the slider arm of the last rotary switch is fed back to IC1 (pin #15 through D1) of the firs

29、t stage, it will break the latch of the whole system and the cycle will restart all over again. Since point A (slider arm) of the rotary switch of each subsequent stage is also connected to the relay driver transistor, it activates the relay momentarily as these points go on to become high sequentia

30、lly according to the relevant settings of the rotary switches. You may add as many stages as you want in the circuit, depending upon the number of required periods (time-table) for a particular school. In my prototype, I included provisions for as many as 33 stages. The relay connections are wired t

31、o the bell, which is rung periodically in response to the above functions.In fact, the present circuit can fulfill any task which requires an independently set, sequential switching of a particular load (wired to the relay contacts), so it can very easily be employed for other much complicated indus

32、trial operations.On the next page we look at the constuction steps to make the timer for the bell.Construction CluesA designed PCB is strictly recommended for the construction of the present circuit of the school bell timer. Although I wont be able to provide the layout of a designed PCB, designing

33、your own version wont be difficult at all, as, after designing the layout of the first stage, the layout of the required number of subsequent stages is simply duplicated.For my prototype, the PCB layout designing was done in “Corel Draw”, and I would say that the tools provided here are quite ideall

34、y suited for such tasks.Once you have a PCB, its just a matter of inserting and soldering the given components in their relevant positions correctly.The whole assembled unit may be housed inside a strong and sturdy ABS plastic box with the rotary switchs spindle, LEDs and mains cord coming out of th

35、e appropriately drilled holes over the front side of the box.TestingThe completely assembled unit may be tested in the following method: Initially keep the oscillator stage disconnected from the main timer circuit. Through trial and error, set P1 and P2, so that the oscillator generates a clock puls

36、e precisely every 5 minutes. Now set the rotary switch of all the timers to the minimum range i.e. at pin #4 of each stage. Connect a small bell to the relay contacts as shown in the diagram. Connect the oscillator section to the main timer section and power up the unit. Immediately, a start-up ring

37、 will be sounded by the bell, indicating that the timer (or the school periods) has commenced. An LED in the oscillator section should instantly start flashing, indicating that its working and providing the clock pulses to the timer stage. After precisely 5 minutes the base LED of T1 of the first ti

38、mer stage should light up and the procedure should sequentially get repeated for the rest of the stages until the last stage is reached. Confirm the same action for other settings of the rotary switches of each stage.This concludes the construction as well as the setting up of the school bell timer circuit. The system should now automatically complete the desired functions faithfully for many years to come. If you require any further assistance, feel free to interact through comments (comments require moderation, may take time to appear).