情态动词--虚拟语气ppt课件.pptx
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1、PART 02情态动词情态动词一.表能力can,beableto1.表现在的能力2.表将来的能力:willbeableto3.表过去的能力canam/isareabletocould表示过去的能力,不表示是否做was/wereableto表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了(相当于:managedtodosth/succeedindoingsth)couldhavedone表示过去本来能够做,但是却未做PART 02情态动词情态动词一.表能力1.Icantpromiseanything,butIlldowhatI_.2.Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,you_workoutthisprobl
2、em.3.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout.4.I_outtheproblem,butIwastoonervous.canwasabletowillbeabletocouldhaveworkedPART 02情态动词情态动词二.表推测1.在肯定句中表推测(must/havetooughtto/shouldcouldmaymight)当说话人表示怀疑或者犹豫时,应用may,might,could,其中might,may的怀疑或犹豫更强(说明可能性小,不确定)Thatmaybeourtaxi,butIdoubtit.
3、说话人表达毫无疑问的结论时,要用must和haveto,“一定,确定”Should/oughtto所表达的程度不同,意为“按说应该”Hemust/ has to bethewantedman.Hesexactlyliketheoneinthispicture.He ought to /shouldbethereontime-hestartedearlyenough.PART 02情态动词情态动词2.在否定句中表推测(否定语气由强到弱)cantcouldntshouldnotmaynotmightnot否定语气较弱时,一般使用shouldnot(应该不会),maynot,mightnot(可能不
4、,也许不),否定语气较强时,则用cant或couldnt(不可能)Dontworry.Yourfathermay not havebeenhurtseriously.There shouldnt beanydifficultyingettingyouavisa.PART 02情态动词情态动词3.在疑问句中表推测can,could表示困惑,不相信Thereissomeoneoutside-whocanitbe?外面有人,会是谁呢?Whatcantheybedoing?他们可能在干些什么呢?Couldhebeserious?他是认真的吗?Wherecanshehaveputit?她能把它放在哪儿呢
5、?PART 02情态动词情态动词二.表推测(可能性)Must,should,oughtto,can,could,may,might.词形词形肯定式肯定式否定式否定式疑问式疑问式must必定,必然/should按说应该应该不会/oughtto按说应该应该不会/can在理论上理论上可能不可能有可能吗?could微弱的可能不可能语气比can要弱may或许,也许可能不/might比may弱比maynot要弱/PART 02情态动词情态动词1. Althoughyou_findbargainsinLondon,itsnotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.2. Lifeisunpre
6、dictable;eventhepoorest_becometherichest.3. Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He_(drink)toomuchatthepartylastnight.musthavedrunkmay/mightcanPART 02情态动词情态动词三.表示必要性,义务,责任1.必要性现在或将来必须做某事:must/havetodo现在或将来不必做某事:过去没必要做某事但却做了:neednthavedonedonthavetodosthneedntdosth1.You_thatlatelastnight.Itwasharmfultoyourhea
7、lth.2.-_Igiveupsmoking?-Yes,you_/No,you_neednthaveworkedMustmustneedntPART 02情态动词情态动词2.义务,责任Should意为“(义务上)应该”,在语气上比must弱。Should+V表示现在或将来应该Shouldhavedone表示过去本应该Ishouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon,butIwonderifIwillbefree.Youshouldhavecometotheconferenceyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?shouldshou
8、ldhavecomePART 02情态动词情态动词四.表示请求,建议,命令,允许,禁止1. 表示请求许可(askingforpermission),提出建议(makingsuggestion)时(may,can,could,shall,will,would)Will用于疑问句而且第二,第三人称时,表示请求,建议Willyourfatherallowustousehistelephone?shall可用于第一/第三人称疑问句中,表示请求许可,征询意见Shallthedriverwaitoutside?PART 02情态动词情态动词2.表示命令,允许,禁止must和mustnt表示说话人的命令和指
9、令,语气较强烈should/oughtto,shouldnt/oughtntto表示命令和指令时,带有不确定性may/might,can表示允许Thechildrenmustbebackby4oclock.Youmustntleavethegateopen.Youought to/ should apologize.Passengersmay/ can / might crossbythefootbridge.PART 02情态动词情态动词五.表示意愿,意志,决心,允诺1.Shall与第二,第三人称连用,用于陈述句中,表示说话者的意志,用来表达说话者给对方以命令,指示或允诺。此外,当宣布法律,
10、规定的时候,也用shall来表达Ithasannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilalltheapershavebeencollected.2.Will,would与各种人称连用,用于陈述句,表示主语的意愿,意志,决心Youcanstayhereaslongasyoucan,ifyouwill.(只要你愿意)PART 02情态动词情态动词3.表示“宁愿做某事”时,wouldratherdosth(thandosth)wouldsthratherthandosthwouldrathersbdidsthPART 02情态动词情态动词六.
11、Need和dare的区别need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。1.用作情态动词,没有人称和数的变化1.-NeedIcome?-Yes,youmust/need to.2.Youneedn ttelephonehimnow.3.Idontthinkyouneedworry.4.Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.5.HowdareyousayImunfair?PART 02情态动词情态动词2.用作实义动词,有人称和数的变化,Youdon t need todoityourself.Wene
12、ed totellthemthenews.作实义动词时,dare用于否定句或疑问句中,to可省略Hedidntdare(to)doit.need做实义动词时,还可表示“需要”(被动),need+doing/tobedone.Thefloorneedssweeping/tobeswept.PART 02情态动词情态动词七.情态动词+havedone情态动词情态动词+ have done用法用法例句例句musthavedone过去一定做了某事(表推测),否定式为cant/couldnthavedoneItmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.
13、can/cannothavedone过去可能会做/不可能做了(表推测)canhavedone用于疑问句1.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?2.Hecannothaveforgottenit.could/couldnothavedone1.过去可能/不可能做(表推测)2.过去本来能够做/没能够做(表虚拟)1. Shecouldhavegoneoutwithsomefriends.2. Wecouldnthaveheardthembecauseofthenoisefromtheriver.3. Youcouldhavedonebetter
14、,butyoudidnttryyourbest.PART 02 may have done过去也许做了(表推测),过去也许做了(表推测),一般不用于疑问句一般不用于疑问句1.Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.2.He may not have finished the workmighthavedone1.过去也许做了2.过去本可能做1.Hemighthavemissedthetrain.2.ButIthinkyoumighthavetoldushalfanhourago.(但是我认为你本来可以在半个小时前告诉我的)mightnotha
15、vedone过去也许没做,相当于maynothavedone,语气更加不确定一些Theymightnothaveregardedmeastheirfriends.Should/oughttohavedone本该做,可是没做本该做,可是没做Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.PART 02Should not/ ought not have done本不该做而做了本不该做而做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.Neednthavedone本不必做却做了Youneednthavetakenataxihere
16、,foritwasnearmyhome.wouldratherhavedone/wouldrathernothavedone宁愿当时做了/没做Iraisedobjectionatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.wouldliketohavedone过去愿意做但未做成Iwouldliketohavegonetotheparty,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.PART 02情态动词情态动词1.can(could)1)表示能力,could主要指过去Twoeyescanseemorethanone
17、.两只眼比一只眼看得清。Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?这女孩上学前能识字吗?2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。Thetemperaturecanfallto60,thatis60belowfreezing.气温可降至60,也就是零下60。Hecant(couldnt)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3)表示允许。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereadingroom.他问他可
18、不可以把书带出阅览室。PART 02情态动词情态动词4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?他们会去哪儿了呢?Hecant(couldnt)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁。Howcanyoubesocareless?你怎么这么粗心?5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?帮我一把好吗?Imafraidwecouldntgiveyouananswertoday.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。PART 02情态动词情态动词2.may(might)1)表允许,
19、might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么。HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?2)表可能(事实上)。Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。Shemaynotknowaboutit.她可能不知道这件事。Hewasafraidtheymightnotagreewithhim.他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。Theymightbehavingameeting,butI
20、mnotsure.他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。PART 02情态动词情态动词3.must1)表示义务。意为“必须”,mustnt表示禁止,不可以Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。Youmustnttalktoherlikethat.你不可能那样对她说话。-Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?我们现在就要交练习本吗?-No,youneednt./No,youdonthaveto.不必。(这种情况下,一般不用mustnt)2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helooks
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