语言学精品课(胡壮麟版)ppt课件.ppt

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1、Introduction to Modern LinguisticsLecture 1An Introduction 2022-6-62Course Description The course is aimed at the introduction of basic theories and principles of linguistics, as well as the best known issues and discoveries of language studies. Participants are also required to implement these theo

2、ries and principles to analyze language phenomena, solve language problems and improve their own language competence.Why linguistics? For those who will be language educators For those who will be engaged in other occupations than languageTeaching approaches Lectures Discussion Seminars Presentation

3、Assessment of the course Total Scores 600 points 100 points 10 quizzes 100 points participation 100 points term paper 50 points class engagement 50 points performance 100 points office hours 100 points final examination The term paper ! A thesis of 1000 words is required for the course. You can choo

4、se any topic about language. Remember the DUE TIME is December 20, not the end of the semester. So you are highly recommended to start early. No excuse is accepted for delay of the paper. Serious penalty is waiting for you if you forget about the thesis: one days delay can make you lose 10 points, a

5、nd a weeks delay means you fail in the paper. Quizzes A small quiz of 10 minutes is done each time when a new chapter begins. Reference Books 1. 何兆熊，梅德明， 现代语言学， 外语 教育与研究出版社，1999，北京 2. 胡壮麟， 语言学教程（修订本），北 京大学出版社，2001年，北京 3. Fromkin, Victoria and Rodman, Robert. 1998. An introduction to language. 6th ed

6、. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. 1. What is linguistics? -The Definition Linguistics is the scientific study of language.2. Scopes of linguistics General linguisticsstudies linguistics as a whole. Phoneticsstudy of sounds Phonology-study of the system of sounds, how they are combined Morphologys

7、tudy of the structure and formation of words Syntaxstudy of sentences, rules governing sentence making Semanticsstudy of meaning in isolation Pragmatics- study of meaning in context Sociolinguisticsstudy of the social aspects of language Psycholinguisticsstudy of how human beings acquire language Ap

8、plied linguisticsGeneral sense: the application of the theories and principles of linguistics to other areas. Narrow sense: the application of the theories and principles of linguistics to language teaching Neurolinguisticsdeals with the way in which language is presented in the brain Historical lin

9、guisticsconsiders how language changes over time in pronunciation, syntax, and meaning Stylistics and poeticsstudy literary language and how it achieves its effects Dialectologyobserves how language varies across geographical or social boundaries Computational linguisticslook at languages as essenti

10、ally formal systems, which could be mastered by machines3. Some important distinctions of linguistics 3.1 prescriptive vs. descriptive prescriptiveTraditional Grammar taught to learners of a language is basically prescriptive. It tells the reader “how they should say”laying down rules for “correct”

11、behavior descriptive describes and analyzes the language people are currently speaking. It deals with “what people actually say” 3.2 synchronic vs. diachronic synchronicdescription of a language at some point in time is a synchronic study diachronicthe study of a language as it changes through time

12、3.3. speech and writing speech: primary, more basic, precedes written form in language development, more practical than written form, hard to record writing : permanent, can be recorded 3.4.langue and parole by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure langueabstract systems shared by all members of a speec

13、h community parolethe realization of langue in actual use 3.5 competence and performance put forth by american linguist Noam Chomsky competencelearners knowledge of a language performancethe actual realization of the knowledge in real linguistic communication2. What is language? 2.1. Definition: Lan

14、guage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 2.1.1. Language is a system. 2.1.2. Language is arbitrary. 2.1.3. Language is vocal. . 2.1.4. Language is symbolic. 2.1.5. Language is human specific. 2.1.6. Language is used for communication2.2. Design features of language 2.2.1. arbitrariness 2.2.2. productivity 2.2.3. duality 2.2.4. displacement 2.2.5. cultural transmission